[a guide To answering literature exam questions on unseen poetry]
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1 [a guide To answering literature exam questions on unseen poetry]
2 CONTENTS PART 1: INTRODUCTION A cautionary note/ What will the exam question look like?/ What do I need to know about the format of the exam?/ What should I do first?/the mark scheme/ 5 things PART 2: THEME What is a theme?/ Match the theme exercise/ A model paragraph/ What can I do to revise? PART 3: LANGUAGE A glossary of language terminology/ A cautionary note/ Key words in quotations/ Webs of connotations/ A model paragraph/ What can I do to revise? PART 4: STRUCTURE The golden rule/ A glossary of structure/ a model paragraph/ What can I do to revise? PART 5: TONE A definition of tone/ What are the key questions?/ 2 tone tasks/ A model paragraph/ What can I do to revise? PART 6: THE POEMS DON T PANIC Douglas Adams The Hitchhiker s Guide to the Galaxy
3 A cautionary note: A POEM IS NOT A RIDDLE, IT DOES NOT HAVE TO BE SOLVED! All you need to do is explain your reactions to it and explain how it caused those reactions.
4 What will the exam question look like? Key features: The question is always the same! It is a good idea to annotate (write notes) upon the poem. Difficult vocabulary is often footnoted at the bottom. Remember the title is a key part of the poem.
5 The question always looks like this: SECTION C Spend about 30 minutes on this section. Think carefully about the poem before you write your answer. 17. Write about the poem and its effect on you. You may wish to include some or all of these points: the poem s content what it is about; the ideas the poet may have wanted us to think about; the mood or atmosphere of the poem; how it is written words or phrases you find interesting, the way the poem is structured or organised, and so on; your response to the poem. [10]
6 What do I need to know about the format of the exam? Key facts about the exam question: It is the last section of the exam. You will not have seen the poem before. The question is always the same; the only thing that changes each year is the poem. Your answer will be an essay of about a side. It is worth 10 marks (the other sections are out of 30). You have 30 minutes to complete the question minutes should be spent reading and planning, writing and 5 checking.
7 Remember you answer should be written in analytical paragraphs. Make sure you revise SEAL.
8 What does the mark scheme look like? E/D Answers will be dependent on paraphrase, with awareness of mood and atmosphere, and some awareness of subtext, perhaps, at D. C Candidates will select and highlight detail in order to probe the text. There will be some appreciation of some stylistic features and a clear personal response. B Candidates will discuss the poem thoroughly and with some confidence. Some stylistic features will be addressed with some insight. A Answers at this level will be typified by overview, sensitivity of response, and appreciation of a range of features and their contribution to the overall meaning. A* All the above, in a cogent and confident response, with analysis and appreciation of stylistic features.
9 What should I do first? READ THE POEM CAREFULLY (twice)
10 5 Things A good technique to help you to get into the poem is to think about what it is actually about before you start. This will give you something to hang your answer on. The best way to do this is before you do anything else after reading the poem is to write down 5 words which sum it up. They can be connected words or separate ones. They can be from the poem or from your reaction. Then select the most important ones. The important thing is that this gives you a handle on the poem which you can base your answer on.
11 PART 2: THEMES What is a theme? A theme is a concept, or idea, that the poem explores. Often the themes will be contained in the 5 words you initially came up with. TASK: Read each of the poems at the back of this booklet and identify the five key words for each.
12 Match the Theme Exercise Try to match the list of themes to the poems in the back of this booklet. Try to find a quotation for each pair which backs up your choice. Isolation Loneliness Nature s triumph Hope Change Nature reflecting Love Theme Poem Evidence (quotation)
13 A model SEAL paragraph for theme One of the poem s key themes is isolation. this is an alien city. The Persona of the poem finds the city to be alien this suggests he/she is lonely and does not fit in. This is strange because city suggests that there are lots of people around. The poet seems to be exploring the idea that you can be isolated and alone even in a crowd.
14 What can I do to revise? Write a paragraph about the theme of any of the poems. What can I do to practise even more? Write about the themes of the other poems.
15 PART 3: Language A Glossary of language terminology Irony Analogy Personification Simile Alliteration Assonance Parataxis Metaphor Imagery Onomatopoeia Hyperbole Expressing something by using words that mean the opposite (humorous or sarcastic). Comparing the likeness of two things. Giving an inanimate object human characteristics. Comparing two objects as they have something in common (e.g. as white as snow). Repetition of a consonant in a phrase (e.g. Harry had a hole in his hard hat). Repetition of vowel sound (e.g. cold, told, bold). Use of very short, sharp sentences. Comparisons which don't use "like" or "as", but say that something "is" something else because it is similar. Using language to convey an atmosphere. When spoken, a word which sounds the same as its meaning (e.g. "hiss" - a snake). Exaggerating something so much that it cannot be taken literally.
16 A cautionary note: WHEN WE TALK ABOUT COMMENTING ON LANGUAGE WE MEAN COMMENTING ON ITS EFFECT ON THE READER.
17 Task: Underline key words in the quotations. Often these will be the words used in an usual way. The moon cuts,/clear and round, At every desk a still child stared at me of snowdrops blooming between daffodil shoots a field of sorrow/ that seemed hard frozen Like an experienced robber icebergs of white feather,
18 Webs of connotations. This example shows a set of connotations (related words and ideas) for the word icebergs. Draw two more word webs for these other quotations from the poems.
19 A model SEAL paragraph Language is used in a dramatic and unsettling way with the line: At every desk a still child stared at me The phrase still child seems strange as we would expect children in a school to be full of life and energy. The fact they are staring at the narrator as if they are inspecting him/her makes them sound quite hostile. They seem to be very strange, ghostly and unsettling children.
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21 What can I do to revise?[part I]: Learn the technical vocabulary: Look/Cover/Write/Check. YOU WILL GAIN MORE MARKS IF YOU USE THE TECHNICAL VOCABULARY! What can I do to revise? [part 2] Write a paragraph for any of the other quotations describing the effects of the language on the reader. Compare it to the model paragraph. What can I do to practise even further? Being able to comment on language is the key skill in English, you should practice this over and over again with the poems at the back of this booklet.
22 PART 4: Structure: The Golden rule:
23 A glossary of structure terminology Continuing a sentence beyond Enjambment the end of a line, couplet, or stanza. The same / similar sound used Assonance in syllables of words near each other. Ballad Ancient poem telling a story. Couplet A pair of lines of verse usually the same length. Octet / Octave First 8 lines in a sonnet. Pentameter A line of 10 syllables. Quatrain A stanza / group of 4 lines usually with alternate rhymes. Sonnet A 14-line poem. Stanza Four or more rhymed lines repeated as a unit. Verse A group of lines in a poem. The key questions: Is the structure regular or irregular? How does this fit in with what the poem is about?
24 A model paragraph on structure The structure of the poem is regular. There are six stanzas with each one being made up of three lines. The first and third line of each stanza rhyme. This regular structure suggests two things. Firstly, it seems to reflect the shopkeeper s straight forward, black and white view of the world. Secondly, it creates a sense of straight forward honesty on the part of the narrator who seems aware of the things that sadly the shopkeeper has missed.
25 What can I do to revise? [part 1] Learn the structure terminology: Look/ Cover/ Write/ Check. What can I do to revise [part 2] Practice writing a paragraph on structure for one or more of the poems in the back of this booklet. Have in mind the theme of the poems before you do this as this will give you clues as to why the poet has structured the poem in this way.
26 PART 5: Tone A definition of tone. When we say tone we mean the emotions expressed and explored in the poem. What are the key questions? What is the tone of the poem? Does the tone change? Where does it change? What does it change to?
27 Task 1: Identify the tone of any of the poems. Task 2: identify one of the poems where the tone changes
28 A model tone paragraph The tone of the poem remains constant. It seems to be hopeful Sometimes a man aims high and all goes well. Although it is quiet sad as it acknowledges bad things can happen it seems positive that it does not have to be that way. It is as if it is saying we should be positive despite the possibility that things can, and often do, go wrong. It could almost be describes as a poem about desperately clinging on to hope.
29 What can I do to revise? [part 1] Write your own tone paragraph about one of the poems. Then compare it to the model paragraph. What can I do to revise? [part 2] Try and identify the tone, and any changes in it, of the remaining poems.
30 PART 6:
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