Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Suggested Reading: Ryden, Chapter 10 Fields, 2006: The European Physical Journal A, Volume 27, Issue 1, pp.

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1 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Suggested Reading: Ryden, Chapter Fields, 2006: The European Physical Journal A, Volume 27, Issue 1, pp.314

2 Elemental Abundances

3 Binding Energy/Nucleon 8 4 He B/A (MeV) H 2 0 from Ryden s book D 3 He 1 0 Figure.1: The binding energy per nucleon (B/A) as a function of the number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in an atomic nucleus. Note the absence of nuclei at A = 5 and A = 8. A =Z+N

4 Main BBN Network Fields (2006)

5 BBN Calculation Ω B h 2 =WMAP Mass fraction n p 2 H 4 He 3 H 3 He Li Be Li C 11 B Be Li B Li 13 B 12 B 8 B Be Coc et al. (arxiv: ) Time (s) 25

6 Dependence on BaryontoPhoton Ratio Fields (2006)

7 Observation of D Abundance Ferlet et al. (ISM) Q Q Q PKS Burles & Tytler (1998) Fields (2006) Fig. 6. D/H abundances shown as a function of [Si/H]. Labels denote the background QSO, except for the local interstellar value (LISM; [28]).

8 Observation of 4 He Abundance Steigman (arxiv: ) Figure 2: Helium abundance (mass fractions, Y) determinations from the sample of extragalactic H II regions studied by Izotov & Thuan (20) [29] as a function of the corresponding oxygen abundances (O/H by number). The solid line is the Izotov & Thuan best fit to a linear Y versus O/H correlation.

9 Evolution of the primordial helium abundance Steigman, arxiv:

10 Observation of 7 Li Abundance Steigman (arxiv: ) Figure 2: The lithium abundances ([Li] 12+log(Li/H)) as a function of metallicity ([Fe/H]) as derived from observations of very metalpoor stars in the Galaxy. See thetextforreferences.thehorizontalband shows the ±1σ SBBN prediction.

11 y d s e c e ) s e n y o s f g r s n 2 y.] k d r s Ma BBN 0.22 vs CMB on η 3 He/H, D/H 7 Li/H Li 4 He D 3 He Coc (arxiv: ) Planck 1 η Fig. 1. (Color online) Abundances of 4 He D, 3 He and 7 Li (blue) as a function of the baryon over photon ratio (bottom) or baryonic density (top). The vertical areas corresponds to the WMAP (dot, black) and Planck (solid, yellow) baryonic densities while the horizontal areas (green) represent the adopted observational abundances; see text. The (red) dot dashed lines correspond to the extreme values of the effective neutrino families coming from CMB Planck study, N eff =(3.02, 3.70); see text. l. (2012); (g) Ade et al. (2013) 7 3 Li/H He/H, D/H Mass fraction He D 3 He 7 Li WMAP Planck Ω B h 2 1 η

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