Smart Card 101: Overview of Smart Card Technology. Margaret Free APTA Fare Collection 101 Miami, FL March 28, 2011

Transcription

1 Smart Card 101: Overview of Smart Card Technology Margaret Free APTA Fare Collection 101 Miami, FL March 28, 2011

2 Overview Contactless Card Physical Characteristics Credit card sized device Contains one or more integrated circuits Data stored in chip s memory Advantages Decreased dwell time at farebox Speedy, convenient, easy to use Card may remain in wallet during high speed communication Vandalism proof with robust cards & reader Reduced maintenance costs & extended life-time of the system

3 Contact vs Contactless Contact Requires insertion into a reader Contactless Must only be near proximity to the reader in order to exchange data

4 Types of chip cards Memory only Integrated Circuit Chip Card electronic magnetic stripes Higher data capacity than a magnetic stripe Simply store data Contain hardwired memory that cannot be overwritten

5 Types of chip cards cont. Memory card with built-in logic Provides authenticated access to the memory Provides memory where one can read/write Based on the access conditions, authentication needs to be performed before read/write Example: MIFARE Classic 1K/4K

6 Types of chip cards - cont Microprocessor based chip Contains microprocessor, operating system, read/write memory ISO 14443A 1-4 compliant Secure, high speed command set Flexible file structure Open crypto algorithm in hardware such as DES/3DES Or AES Example: MIFARE DESFire

7 Contactless Card Types Plastic Card ISO 7810 Contact Card ISO 7816 Contactless Card Close Coupling ISO Remote Coupling WD x 135 khz, 2,45 GHz Proximity Coupling ISO Vicinity Coupling ISO Memory Card Processor Card Processor Card Memory Card, Tags, Token... Memory Card Processor Card Memory Card, Smart Label Dual Interface Card

8 Contactless Card Types Type A Type B Memory Mifare 1K Mifare UL Microprocessor Mifare DESFire, SmartMX, micropass (Inside), Infineon Micropass (Inside), Infineon Other Types: Sony Felica Cubic GO CARD ISO Standard Not ISO Standard

9 Contactless Card Technology Smart card transfers data using radio frequency technology via a transmitter and receiver contactless smart card Transponder (chip + coil) contactless smart card reader Power Clock Data

10 Contactless Cardbody Construction Contactless Chip Module Printing layer Printed Antenna 2 Transparent Overlay Printing layer Transparent Overlay Printed Antenna 1

11 COMPLEXITY Cost vs. Complexity and Durability 5 to 10 years 2 to 4 years 1 to 2 years DURABILITY

12 Cost vs. Technology Contactless Contactbased Dual Interface Hybrid (2 chips) A A A Cost A = 100% x % x % x % Cost of a smart card depends on various factors as the microprocessor, operating system, inlay and manufacturing costs vary case by case.

13 Standards & Interoperability ISO 7810/11 Standard for ID cards and features ISO 7816 Standard for contact based smart cards ISO Standard for Type A & Type B contactless smart cards Universal Transit Farecard Standards (UTFS) Contactless Fare Media Standard (CFMS)

14 Benefits of Contactless Card Systems Vandalism proof bus or station equipment Less maintenance cost More equipment availability Same reader processes contactless cards and Limited Use tickets Less capital equipment cost Convenient and easy to use Customer satisfaction Secure More revenue Modern Image Upgradable

15 Evolution of Transit Fare Media Other Form Factors (contactless tokens and tags, NFC, microsd) Contactless and Dual Interface Cards Limited Use Contactless Cards Magnetic Stripe Cards Tokens Coins

16 Types of Fare Media Magnetic stripe cards Contact only cards Contactless cards Dual Interface cards Limited Use tickets Other form factors (contactless credit cards, NFC phones, microsd, mobile stickers, etc.)

17 Magnetic Stripe Cards The classic machine readable media Magnetic stripe can be encoded with fare data; expiry date, value, etc. Magnetic stripe is reuseable Advantages No cash handling Provide improved ridership data Inexpensive for single or occasional use Disadvantages Susceptible to fraudulent use Extensive reader maintenance required Dirt, grime or chemicals can interfere with the reader heads and degrade card and reader performance and reliability

18 Contact Cards Smart card with an embedded memory or microprocessor and contact interface Contact points for power and data transfer Can be either memory or microprocessor Used as SIM cards, ID card (logical access), bank cards, loyalty cards, etc. Advantages Reduced maintenance costs and extended life of system Easy handling and convenient Offers a step up in security from magnetic cards Disadvantages Limited transaction speed unsuitable for high transaction volumes Physical contact between cards and readers reduce lifetime of cards and readers

19 Contactless Cards Card has one chip with contactless interface Most desirable smart card available today Widely used in transit and banking applications Advantages Versatile Multi-application Cost effective Easy, fast and convenient to use Disadvantages No identified disadvantage for transit Expensive for contactless credit or debit card applications

20 Dual Interface Cards Card has one chip that can be addressed by two interfaces ISO 7816 for contact ISO for contactless (13.56 MHz) Most versatile IC cards available Widely used in banking, retail and e-commerce Advantages Versatile Multi-application Easy and convenient to use Disadvantages Expensive Less reliable than other card types due to manufacturing complexity Contact applications may be uncertain or irrelevant for transit

21 Limited Use Ticket Similar to contactless cards, it has one chip with contactless interface Small memory Basic but sufficient security Same ISO standard as other contactless cards (ISO 14443) Used mainly for single use rides, specific ticketing event, etc. Advantages Low cost of ticket, and the reader Uses the same infrastructure as contactless cards (i.e., installation of an additional reader is not needed) Quick, seamless travel between bus and rail Lower maintenance cost than magnetic stripe tickets Serialized; fraudulent activities can be tracked Disadvantage More expensive than magnetic stripe cards

22 Emerging Technologies and Trends Near Field Communications (NFC) Phone is both card and terminal microsd with integrated antenna Can change any mobile phone to an NFC phone Mobile phone sticker Allows to use mobile devices for payment Open Payment Bank cards can be used to pay transit fare Open Standard for Public Transport (OSTP) Alternative transit contactless card technology

23 Thank You Margaret Free March 28, 2011