Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria
|
|
- Cornelius Ross
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PAT June, 2010; 6 (1): 1-11 ISSN: Online copy available at Publication of Nasarawa State University, Keffi Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria Onuk E. G 1., Ogara I. M 1, Yahaya H 1 and Nannim N Faculty of Agriculture, Shabu Lafia Campus, Nasarawa State University, Keffi. 2. Agric. Departmen, Mangu Local Government, Plateau State. Received 11 th January, 2010, Accepted 29 th May, 2010 Abstract The study assessed the economics of maize production among farmers in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The instrument used for the research was the questionnaire. A random sampling technique was adopted and a sample size of ninety (90) respondents was used. While descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and production function analysis were used as tools for analyzing data. The study revealed that maize seed has established itself as a very significant component in maize farming system, and determines the cropping pattern of the predominantly peasant farmers. The result of the production function analysis shows that the double log functional form had the best fit to the data, that is R 2 = 0.65, meaning that 65% of the variation in the output of maize was accounted for by the variables in the model. All the variables in the model had positive regression coefficients indicating direct relationship between each of them and output of maize. The result of the survey also indicated that men had more access to land than women, thus making them to be more involved in maize production in the study area. However, both men and women have experience in maize production and obtained planting materials mostly from previous harvest. Finally, the study concluded by advocating adequate market with good stable prices for maize farmers products that would enhance maize production in the study area and the country at large. Keywords: Maize Production, Economic Analysis, peasant farmers. INTRODUCTION Maize (Zea mays, L.) is one of the main cereal crops of West Africa, and the most important cereal food crops in Nigeria. It comes after wheat and rice in terms of world importance. Maize is not only a major cereal crop in the present day world but it was also one of the basic foods in America before the arrival of Christopher Columbus at the end of the 15 th Century, and among the Indians in Mexico and Guatemala, and also among the Incus in Peru, Bolivia and Equator (Rouannent, 1987). Maize is becoming the miracle seed for Nigeria s agricultural and economic development. It has established itself as a very significant component of the farming system and determines the cropping pattern of the predominantly peasant farmers,
2 PAT 2010; 6 (1): 1-11: ISSN: ; Onuk et al: Economic Analysis of Maize Production. 2 especially in the Northern States (Ahmed, 1996). Maize has been of great importance in providing food for man, feed for livestock and raw materials for some agro-based industries. Maize constitutes a stable food in many regions of the world. It is a basic stable for large population groups particularly in developing countries (FAO and ILO, 1997). Wikipedia (2006), reported that maize is hydrolyzed and enzymatically treated to produce syrups, particularly high fructose corn syrup, a sweetener and in some cases fermented and distilled to produce grain alcohol which is traditionally the source of bourbon whisky. Sweet corn is a genetic variation that is high in sugars and low in starch that is served like a vegetable. Another common food made from maize is corn flakes. Maize is used as meal pap in Africa, corn bread is made from maize. Maize is still an important model organism for genetic and develops mental biology to date. Doebley (1994), reported that maize can be boiled or roasted on the cob, the grains can be cooked fresh or dry and the dry grain can be made into pop corn (guguru) and eaten with roasted groundnuts. Maize is one of the most abundant food crops in Nigeria. About 80% is consumed by man and animals while 20% is utilized in variety of industries processes for production of starch, oil high fructose, corn sweetener, ethanol, cereal and alkaline. Maize consists of 71% starch, 9% protein and 4% oil on a dry weight basis. Despite the economic importance of maize to the teeming populace in Nigeria, it has not been produced to meet food and industrial needs of the country. This could be attributed to low productivity from maize farms or that farmers have not adopted improved technologies for maize production. These factors play a major role in the adoption process. Now the question is: what are the factors influencing maize production? The general objective of the study is to examine the economics of maize production in Mangu Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Specific objectives are to: (i) describe the socio-economic characteristics of maize farmers in the study area (ii) determine the inputs and outputs level in maize production in the study area. (iii) estimate the costs and returns associated with maize production in the study area. (iv) determine resource-use effience in maize production (v) identify the constraints to maize production in the study area.
3 PAT 2010; 6 (1): 1-11: ISSN: ; Onuk et al: Economic Analysis of Maize Production. 3 METHODOLOGY The study was conducted in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Mangu Local Government Area has nine (9) districts namely; Mangu, Panyam, Gindiri, Langai, Mangun, Kerang, Ampang, Kombum, and Pushit. Majority of the inhabitants are peasant farmers. The climate and soil conditions of the area are suitable for growing cereal crops such as maize, guinea corn, millet, wheat, acha, rice and tuber crops such as Irish Potatoes, yams, cassava, sweet potatoes, etc. Mangu Local Government Area is located within the Northern Guinea Savannah and the climate is near temperate and could be compared to the weather found in Jos, Barakin Ladi, Bokkos and Pankshin (Nannim, 2009). The population for the study was maize farmers in Mangu Local Government Area. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire that was administered to the respondents. Double stage sampling technique was adopted. First stage involved the random selection of one village from each of the nine administrative districts. Thus, nine (9) villages were selected for the study. The second stage involved the purposive selection of 10 maize farmers from each of the selected villages to give a total of ninety (90) respondents. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequency distribution were used to achieve objectives (i), (ii) and (v) of the study. Gross margin which was used to satisfy objective iii is expressed as follows: GM = GI TVC Where: GM = Gross Margin (N/ha). GI = Gross income (N/ha) i.e. The product of the total output and the unit cost of output. TVC = Total Variable Cost (N/ha) i.e. Cost of inputs such as fertilizer, seed, hired labour, chemicals, etc. The production function analysis was used to satisfy objective (iv) of the study. The model is expressed in its general form as follows: Y = F (X 1, X 2, X 3, X 4, X 5, X 6, U) Where: Y = Quantity of maize output (Kg) X 1 = Fertilizer (Kg) X 2 = Labour (man hours) X 3 = Herbicides (litre) X 4 = Quantity of maize seed used (Kg) X 5 = Farm size (ha) X 6 = Capital (N) U = Error term
4 PAT 2010; 6 (1): 1-11: ISSN: ; Onuk et al: Economic Analysis of Maize Production. 4 The double log function was selected for result discussion and the selection of lead equation was based on the magnitude of the coefficient of multiple determinations (R 2 ), the signs of the estimated regression coefficients and the level of significance of the t statistics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The study revealed that majority (73.30%) of the respondents were males. This can be attributed to the fact that men always have right to land as a productive resource than women. Quisumbing (1994), reported that there has been a great disparity between women and men in the size of landholdings. That the mode of women participation in agricultural production varies with the land-owning status of households. The study further revealed that most of the respondents were adults and had several years of experience in farming. The mode of land acquisition is mostly rented (35.60%), while source of labour is mostly from family members (42.20%). The result also indicated that majority (84.4%) of the respondents are not cooperative members of any society (Table 1). The implication here is that only a few farmers would have access to credit facilities, since lending agencies will prefer to give credit to cooperatives rather than individuals. Furthermore, groups play a significant role in boosting agriculture and fast to grab modern farming technologies. The study further revealed that majority (54.4%) of the respondents got their planting materials (maize seeds) from their previous harvest. This might limit their maize production capacity, because improved maize seeds would have overcome this problem if farmers had access to them.
5 PAT 2010; 6 (1): 1-11: ISSN: ; Onuk et al: Economic Analysis of Maize Production. 5 TABLE 1: Socio-Economic characteristics of respondents Characteristics Frequency Percentage Gender: Male Female Marital Status: Married Single Educational level: Adult education Primary education Secondary Education Higher education Age: and above Years of experience in farming Above Years of experience in farming Household size: Above Mode of land acquisition: Inherited Purchased Communal Rented Family Lease Labour source: Family labour Hired labour Family and hire labour All of the above Cooperative participation: Yes No Source of planting Materials ADP Market Previous harvest Source: Field survey, 2008
6 PAT 2010; 6 (1): 1-11: ISSN: ; Onuk et al: Economic Analysis of Maize Production. 6 INPUT OUTPUT LEVEL IN MAIZE PRODUCTION Table 2 revealed the inputs used for maize production such as seeds, land, labour, fertilizer and agro-chemicals. The result shows that maize farmers in the study area had 2kg as the minimum of seeds used with 100kg as the maximum. Labor cost constitute over 60% of the total cost of operation as indicated by its share of the total cost of production. Labour costs consist of hired and family labour (which was computed based on the opportunity cost principle) input in man-labour. The wage rate varied depending on the operation performed. However, an averaged rate of N120 per man-hour was computed, and consequently the average cost was N5, per hectare. Fertilizer and agro-chemicals were used by most of the respondents through, the high prices coupled with the technicalities involved in their usage had an effect on the quantities utilized. The total cost of agro-chemicals was N19, per hectare of maize. The variable costs of production include cost of land, fertilizers, seeds and labour. It also indicated that minimum farm land size of 1ha with the maximum of 20ha were used for maize production, this gives an average value of Also other average values for input and output are computed respectively. The survey also shows that 80 man hrs had been used as minimum with 280 man hrs as the maximum in the production. The result also shows that the minimum of fertilizer that were used is 500kg with 3000kg as the maximum, 50litres of agro-chemicals were used as minimum and 250litres as maximum. While the minimum output had 10,000kg with 80,000kg as the maximum output in the maize production. Table 2: Summary of Input Output level in maize production in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State. Input and Output Minimum Maximum Average Seed (kg) Land (ha) Labour (man hours) Fertilizer (kg) Agro-chemicals (lt) Output (kg) 10,000 80, Source: Field survey, 2008 COSTS AND RETURNS Table 3 shows that returns on maize yield was N85,425/ha though yields were observed to vary from one farmer to another on the average, while the total variable cost (TVC) of the farmers was N51,481/ha. Gross margin observed was N33,946.82/ha. Fertilizer cost was for N22,424/ha as part of the total variable cost and cost of agro-
7 PAT 2010; 6 (1): 1-11: ISSN: ; Onuk et al: Economic Analysis of Maize Production. 7 chemicals was for N19,242/ha. This implies that farmers in the study area used fertilizer and agro-chemicals intensively. The average rate of returns, which is a measure of financial success or failure was This signified that on average a gross margin of 66kobo was gained for every one naira invested in maize production in the study area. Table 3: Average costs and returns per hectare for maize production. Variables Unit/ha Unit price (N/ha) Total Cost (N/ha) A. Returns: Maize yield (Kg/ha) kg 85, B. Variable Costs:Seed(Kg/ha) kg 4, Labour (Man/ha) man hrs 5, Fertilizer(kg/ha) kg 22, Chemical (lit/ha) (lt) 19, C. Total Variable Cost (TVC) 51,481.2 Gross Margin (A B) 85,428-51,481.2 =33,946.8 D. Average rate of return on 0.66 Gross Margin =66 Kobo Source: Field survey, 2008 Table 4 revealed that the result of the double log functional form had the best fit to the data. All the variables in the model had positive regression coefficients indicating direct relationship between the inputs and maize output. The coefficient of multiple determinations (R 2 ) is 0.65 which implies that 65% of the variation in the output of maize was accounted for by the variable inputs in the model. This indicates that an increase in each of them will result to an increase in the output of maize. However, only fertilizer, agro-chemicals, and labour were statistically significant at 10 per cent level. Table 4: Result of the double log production function analysis for maize production in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State. Variable Regression efficient Standard Error T-values Constant NS Fertilizer (X 1 ) * Labour (X 2 ) * Agro-chemicals (X 3 ) ** Seed (X 4 ) NS Farm size (X 5 ) NS Capital (X 6 ) NS R 2 = 0.65 F. Value = 2.149** ** = Significant at 5% level of probability * = Significant at 10% level of probability NS = Not significant
8 PAT 2010; 6 (1): 1-11: ISSN: ; Onuk et al: Economic Analysis of Maize Production. 8 Table 5 revealed that inadequate transportation facility is the major problem (54.4%) in the study area. This is followed by inadequate storage/processing facilities (20%). Inadequate credit and inadequate rainfall had the same frequency (7.8%). Poor quality material had 5.6%, while the least is pests and diseases (4.43%). This revealed that farmers in the study area are faced with constraints that can limit maize production. Table 5: Distribution of maize farmers according to constraints (multiple choices were not allowed). Constraints Frequency Percentage (%) Inadequate credit Poor quality planting materials Pests and diseases Inadequate rainfall Inadequate transport facilities Inadequate storage/processing Facilities Source: Field survey, 2008 Table 6 shows resource-use efficiency of maize production of the peasant farmers in the study area. The resource efficiency indices for the maize farmer is presented in Table 6. Deriving from the economic theory which stipulates that point of perfect allocative efficiency exists where the marginal value product (MVP) of resource input is at equilibrium, parity or unit, with its marginal factor cost (MFC). Farmers with these ratios closer to one (unity) or one were adjudged to be more efficient in the utilization of that particular inputs. Based on the result in Table 6, to estimate the resource-use efficiencies of the farmers, the b-values derived from the regression results were used to estimate the ratio of the marginal value product (MVP) of each input to the factor price or marginal factor cost (MFC) of the factor input for maize farmers, thus: r = MVP MFC = 1. Where:- r = Efficiency of resource use. MVP = Marginal Value Product of the Resource Input MFC = Marginal Factor Cost of the Resource Input
9 PAT 2010; 6 (1): 1-11: ISSN: ; Onuk et al: Economic Analysis of Maize Production. 9 The result presented in the table shows that maize farmers in Mangu Local Government Area were more efficient in the utilization of maize seeds, fertilizers and agro-chemicals. However, the ratio of the marginal value product (MVP) to the marginal factor cost (MFC) of the various farm inputs revealed that the farmers underutilized land, while labour and capital were over-utilized. The implication from this study is an indication that the maize farmers in the area of study do not achieve absolute efficiency because they (farmers) under-utilized some inputs, while other inputs were over-utilized. Similar cases of under-utilization and over-utilization of variable inputs were reported by Onyenweaku (1994), Nwakpu (2008). Olagoke (1991) and Iheke et al (2008). To achieve optimal allocative efficiency of variable inputs, policies and programmes should be directed to maize farmers in order to increase their level of use of farm land, labour, capital and other miscellaneous inputs. Table 6: Resource-use Efficiency Resource inputs MVP MFC Efficiency ratio Fertilizer (X 1 ) Labour (X 2 ) Agro-chemicals (X 3 ) Maize seed (X 4 ) Land (X 5 ) Capital (X 6 ) Source: Derived from Field survey, 2008 CONCLUSION The study revealed that maize farmers in the study area did not achieve absolute efficiency in the use of variable inputs. However, the study showed that maize production among farmers was profitable, thus yield and profit were being maximized due to certain efficiencies in the use of some variable inputs. Based on the findings, the followings are recommended. 1. Government should supply inputs to maize farmers at subsidized rate and at appropriate time. 2. As mechanization leads to lower cost of production, government should make tractors available to maize farmers at subsidized rate. 3. Government should provide good roads linking maize production areas to ease farmers evacuate their produce. 4. There is need for adequate market with good stable prices for maize farmers products coupled with good storage facilities to further boost maize production.
10 PAT 2010; 6 (1): 1-11: ISSN: ; Onuk et al: Economic Analysis of Maize Production Government should provide irrigation facilities, though expensive project, to overcome drought and to also enable maize production in dry season. 6. Finally, maize farmers should be encouraged to join cooperative societies so that they can pool their productive resources for large scale farming. References: Ahmed, B. (1996): Economic analysis of fertilizer used in maize production in the Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Department of Agric. Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria: Nigeria. Doebley J.F. (1994): Morphology, Molecules and Maize corn and culture in the prehistoric new world, Geneva, Switzerland. FAO. and ILO (1997): Maize in human nutrition intermediate level handbook. FAO and ILO Publication, Rome, Italy. Iheke O.R; (2006). Gender and Resource use Efficiency in Rice Production System in Abia State of Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis Department of Agric. Economics and Extension, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umadike Iheke O.R, O.I. Obasi and J.C. Nwankwo (2008): Socio-economics Determinants and Allocative Efficiency of Arable Crop Farmers in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 42 nd Annual Conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN), (eds) Pp Nannim N. (2009): The Economic Importance of Maize production in Mangu L.G.A. Plateau State, Nigeria. Unpublished PGD Thesis Faculty of Agriculture, Shabu Lafia Campus, Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Nwakpu C.C. (2008). Factor productivity and resource-use efficiency of some recommended rice technology in Ebonyi State Nigeria. Proceedings of the 42 nd Annual Conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN), (eds) Pp Olagoke, A.M (1991). Efficiency of Resource-use in rice production systems in Anambra State, Nigeria. In: Issues in Africa Rural Development, 1991, Doss, C.R. and C. Olson (eds). African Rural Social Science Research Networks. Pp Onyenweaku, C.E. (1994). Economics of Irrigation in Crop Production in Nigeria. African Social Science Research Networks. Issues in African Rural Development 2. Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development Pp Quisumbing A. (1994): Gender differences in Agricultural Productivity: A survey of empirical evidence. Discussion paper series No.36, Education and Social Policy Department, World Bank Washington D.C.
11 PAT 2010; 6 (1): 1-11: ISSN: ; Onuk et al: Economic Analysis of Maize Production. 11 Rouannent G. (1987): The Tropical Agriculturist Ed: Rent caste, Macmillan Publisher Ltd, Malaysia, 102p. Wikipedia (2006): Corn Maize Wikipedia The free encyclopedia. org/maize access on the 16 th December, 2006.
12 This document was created with Win2PDF available at The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only.
ANALYSIS OF COCOYAM MARKETING IN SAGAMU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Trakia Journal of Sciences, No 3, pp 208-213, 2015 Copyright 2015 Trakia University Available online at: http://www.uni-sz.bg ISSN 1313-7069 (print) doi:10.15547/tjs.2015.03.002 ISSN 1313-3551 (online)
More informationAGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS OF JAPAN
AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS OF JAPAN Takeshi Kimura, Agricultural Counselor Embassy of Japan, Washington, D. C. I would like, first, to sketch the Japanese agricultural situation and, second, to review Japan's
More informationCurrent Research in Agricultural Sciences ECONOMICS OF SHEEP PRODUCTION IN ZURU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KEBBI STATE NIGERIA
Current Research in Agricultural Sciences journal homepage: http://www.pakinsight.com/?ic=journal&journal=68 ECONOMICS OF SHEEP PRODUCTION IN ZURU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KEBBI STATE NIGERIA Baba M.D.
More informationAN ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES PREVALENT AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN ITU L.G.A. AKWA IBOM STATE.
Copyright 2012 Devon Science Company ISSN: 2141-0097 Website: www.africanjournalseries.com AN ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES PREVALENT AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN ITU L.G.A. AKWA IBOM STATE.
More informationANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING LOAN DEFAULT AMONG POULTRY FARMERS IN OGUN STATE NIGERIA
ORIGINAL PAPER ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING LOAN DEFAULT AMONG POULTRY FARMERS IN OGUN STATE NIGERIA *Oni O.A, **Oladele, O.I and * Oyewole, I. K *Department of Agricultural Economics, University of
More informationRwanda Agricultural Sector and its Impact on Food Security and Economy
Rwanda Agricultural Sector and its Impact on Food Security and Economy Workshop on Asian Lessons and Agriculture Transformation in Rwanda J.J. Mbonigaba Muhinda Rwanda Agriculture Board jj.mbonigaba@rab.gov.rw
More informationFactors Affecting Agricultural Land Fragmentation in Iran: A Case Study of Ramjerd Sub District in Fars Province
American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 3 (1): 358-363, 2008 ISSN 1557-4989 2008 Science Publications Factors Affecting Agricultural Land Fragmentation in Iran: A Case Study of Ramjerd
More informationThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 Licence.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 Licence. To view a copy of the licence please see: http://creativecommons.0rg/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ IDS/DP 277 PROBLEM
More informationAgricultural Productivity in Zambia: Has there been any Progress?
Agricultural Productivity in Zambia: Has there been any Progress? Presented by Antony Chapoto ACF/FSRP Research Presented to the Zambia National Farmers Union Congress Mulungushi Conference Centre, Lusaka
More informationECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GROUNDNUT ENTERPRISE IN RAFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. Vol., 2 (4), 155-162, 2011 Available online at http://www. irjabs.com 2011 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GROUNDNUT ENTERPRISE IN RAFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT
More informationAgricultural Policies and Food Security Challenges in Zambia
Agricultural Policies and Food Security Challenges in Zambia Auckland Kuteya Presentation at the Africa Lead Champions for Change Leadership Training, Protea Hotel, Chisamba, Zambia 16-20 th April, 2012
More informationAgricultural Production and Research in Heilongjiang Province, China. Jiang Enchen. Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Northeast
1 Agricultural Production and Research in Heilongjiang Province, China Jiang Enchen Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China. Post code: 150030
More informationAgricultural Mechanization Strategies in India
050 India Agricultural Mechanization Strategies in India Dr. Champat Raj Mehta Project Coordinator, All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Farm Implements and Machinery (FIM), Central Institute
More informationMarch, 2016. Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency Telephone: 263-4-706681/8 or 263-4-703971/7 P. O. Box C. Y. 342 Fax: 263 4 792494
March, 2016 Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency Telephone: 263-4-706681/8 or 263-4-703971/7 P. O. Box C. Y. 342 Fax: 263 4 792494 Causeway, Harare Email: info@zimstat.co.zw Zimbabwe Website: www.zimstat.co.zw
More informationGender and Agriculture: what do we know about what interventions work for technology adoption? Markus Goldstein The World Bank
Gender and Agriculture: what do we know about what interventions work for technology adoption? Markus Goldstein The World Bank What do we know #1 True or False or Unknowable: Women perform 60 to 80 percent
More informationDietary Sources of Iron in Uganda
Dietary Sources of Iron in Uganda Data from the 2009/2010 Uganda National Panel Survey Jack Fiedler, Leanne Dougherty, Celeste Sununtnasuk Uganda National Panel Survey 2009/10 UNPS A national survey representative
More information300431 Timişoara, Romania, Str. Agricultorilor nr. 40 Tel: 0747-047.800 Fax: 0356-414.175 office.armand@gmail.com
300431 Timişoara, Romania, Str. Agricultorilor nr. 40 Tel: 0747-047.800 Fax: 0356-414.175 office.armand@gmail.com Pagina1 Pagina2 INVEST IN ROMANIA 300431 Timişoara, Romania, Str. Agricultorilor nr. 40
More informationCorn in Legend and Myth
Corn in Legend and Myth Objective Students will compare myths and legends about corn and use their creative abilities to act them out. Background Corn is a grass, native to the Americas. The exact origin
More informationLiquid Biofuels for Transport
page 1/11 Scientific Facts on Liquid Biofuels for Transport Prospects, risks and opportunities Source document: FAO (2008) Summary & Details: GreenFacts Context - Serious questions are being raised about
More informationMember States Factsheets I T A L Y CONTENTS. Main figures - Year 2014 59 685 227 inhabitants Area 302 069 km 2
January 2015 Member States Factsheets I T A L Y CONTENTS Main figures 2014 1. KEY DATA 2. POPULATION & ECONOMY 3. FINANCIAL ASPECTS 4. ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS 5. AGRICULTURAL TRADE 6. FARM STRUCTURE 1 2 3 4-5
More informationPresentation Outline. Introduction. Declining trend is largely due to: 11/15/08
State of the Cotton Industry and Prospects for the Future in Ghana Presented By Mr. Kwaku Amoo-Baffoe November, 2008 Presentation Outline Introduction Institutional Arrangement for Cotton Production in
More informationIndian Agrochemical Industry
Indian Agrochemical Industry Introduction. India is the fourth largest producer of agrochemicals globally, after United States, Japan and China. The agrochemicals industry is a significant industry for
More informationChina and the WTO: Implications for Grain Trade. Dr. Thomas I. Wahl IMPACT Center Washington State University
China and the WTO: Implications for Grain Trade Dr. Thomas I. Wahl Center Washington State University Overview of Presentation Background Why are we interested in China Current trade situation Demographics
More informationMember States Factsheets I R E L A N D CONTENTS. Main figures - Year 2014 4 591 087 inhabitants Area 69 798 km 2
January 2015 Member States Factsheets I R E L A N D CONTENTS Main figures 2014 1. KEY DATA 2. POPULATION & ECONOMY 3. FINANCIAL ASPECTS 4. ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS 5. AGRICULTURAL TRADE 6. FARM STRUCTURE 1 2
More informationClosing Yield Gaps. Or Why are there yield gaps anyway?
Closing Yield Gaps Or Why are there yield gaps anyway? Closing Yield Gaps: Large potential to increasing food production Major cereals: attainable yield achieved (%) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
More informationAN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC FARMING IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Bangladesh J. Agric. Econs. XXXV, 1&2(2012) 33 51 AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC FARMING IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA J.S. Amarnath* V. Sridhar** Abstract In view of the economic importance of organic farming,
More informationFARMING & RURAL SYSTEMS ECONOMICS edited ty Werner Doppler and Siegfried Bauer
FARMING & RURAL SYSTEMS ECONOMICS edited ty Werner Doppler and Siegfried Bauer VOLUME 56 Land Property Rights and Agricultural Development in the Highlands of Madagascar: Economic and Environmental Implications
More informationWOMEN AND FOOD SECURITY: ROLES, CONSTRAINTS, AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES
WOMEN AND FOOD SECURITY: ROLES, CONSTRAINTS, AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES Lynn R. Brown World Bank, Washington, DC, USA Keywords: Poverty alleviation, nutrition, labor, land tenure, marriage, inheritance,
More informationCrop production. 0 5 10 15 million ha. 0 5 10 15 20 million tonnes PART 1. CHART 7: Harvested area of the most important crops in Central Asia (2010)
PART 1 Crop production is the most important crop in the region of Europe and Central Asia. More than 80 million hectares of land are dedicated to growing wheat, of which 240 were produced in 2010. is
More informationLessons from the 1992 Drought in Zimbabwe: The Quest for Alternative Food Policies * B. MAPHOSA Grain Marketing Board, Zimbabwe
Nordic Journal of African Studies 3(1): 53 58 (1994) Lessons from the 1992 Drought in Zimbabwe: The Quest for Alternative Food Policies * B. MAPHOSA Grain Marketing Board, Zimbabwe INTRODUCTION The 1992
More informationImpact of Fishpond for Socio-Economic and Nutritional Improvement: A Case Study of Kalundwa and Kibwaya Villages-Mkuyuni Division in Morogoro-Tanzania
Impact of Fishpond for Socio-Economic and Nutritional Improvement: A Case Study of Kalundwa and Kibwaya Villages-Mkuyuni Division in Morogoro-Tanzania Juma Almasi Mhina Tengeru Institute of Community Development
More informationHumidtropics Kiboga/Kyankwanzi Soybean production training
Humidtropics Kiboga/Kyankwanzi Soybean production training Makerere University and Humidtropics collaboration Soybean Seed production Training of Kiboga-Kyankwanzi platform members in Soybean Seed Production
More informationIndex Insurance in India
Index Insurance in India Kolli N Rao, PhD Aon Benfield, India Indian Agriculture & Risks What s Index Insurance? Why Index Insurance? The Outline Architecture of Indian Crop Insurance Coverage: The Numbers
More informationAG R I C U LT U R E GREEN ECONOMY
THIS IS THE STORY OF AG R I C U LT U R E GREEN ECONOMY We need to make the global economy green. provides significant opportunities for growth, investment and jobs to help make this happen. $ Everyone
More informationMaize is a major cereal grown and consumed in Uganda and in the countries of Kenya, Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda
Maize Production in Uganda Farmers have improved maize yields from 1,000Kg/ha to 3,000-5,000 Kg/ha using the recommended technologies Maize is a major cereal grown and consumed in Uganda and in the countries
More informationLOAN ANALYSIS. 1 This is drawn from the FAO-GTZ Aglend Toolkits 1 5 for the training purpose.
LOAN ANALYSIS AGLEND1 is a financial institution that was founded in the early nineties as a microcredit NGO. In the beginning, its target clientele were micro- and small entrepreneurs in the urban area.
More informationWATER HARVESTING AND AQUACULTURE FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION TO AQUACULTURE
WATER HARVESTING AND AQUACULTURE FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION TO AQUACULTURE 2 INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AQUACULTURE AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS AUBURN UNIVERSITY 3 INTRODUCTION More than one-fourth
More informationThe Information Manager Vol.6 (1 & 2) 2006
MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL FOOD GRAINS IN SELECTED MARKETS IN ZARIA AREA By FOIN, DAVID NCHOUJI Department of geography A.B.U. Zaria. ABSTRACT This study describes the organizational structure and marketing
More informationStatus and trends in perception of Organic vegetable and fruit production in China
Chinese-Danish Networking Status and trends in perception of Organic vegetable and fruit production in China Yuhui Qiao Dr. Associate Professor Department of Ecology and Ecological Engineering China Agricultural
More informationNational Accounting Systems, Agricultural Statistics for Policy Analysis
National Accounting Systems, Agricultural Statistics for Policy Analysis Workshop on Measuring Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Poverty Alleviation for enhancing Accountability in the Post 2015
More informationPublic Perceptions of Labeling Genetically Modified Foods
Public Perceptions of Labeling Genetically Modified Foods Working Paper 2013-01 William K. Hallman, Ph.D. Cara L. Cuite, Ph.D. Xenia K. Morin, Ph.D. Release date: November 1, 2013 For more information:
More informationInclusive Model for Agribusiness Development. October 2011
Inclusive Model for Agribusiness Development October 2011 Prevailing Agribusiness Environment Weak economic governance Absence of a coherent agricultural development strategy Lack of investment in agriculture
More informationSustainability and Trends in Profitability of Indian Agriculture
Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 19 (Conference No.) 2006 pp 89-100 Sustainability and Trends in Profitability of Indian Agriculture M.S. Bhatia* Abstract The pattern of development and trends
More informationAssessing Farmers' Sustainable Agricultural Practice Needs: Implication for a Sustainable Farming System
Assessing Farmers' Sustainable Agricultural Practice Needs: Implication for a Sustainable Farming System Hassan Sadighi, Assistant Professor Agricultural Extension and Education College of Agriculture
More informationAGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Vol. II - Crop Production Capacity In North America - G.K. Pompelli CROP PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA
CROP PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA G.K. Pompelli Economic Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, USA Keywords: Supply, policy, yields. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Past Trends in Demand
More informationEstimating Cash Rental Rates for Farmland
Estimating Cash Rental Rates for Farmland Tenant operators farm more than half of the crop land in Iowa. Moreover, nearly 70 percent of the rented crop land is operated under a cash lease. Cash leases
More informationSMALLHOLDER MAIZE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IN KENYA
EGERTON UNIVERSITY TEGEMEO INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT SMALLHOLDER MAIZE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IN KENYA John Olwande Regional Workshop on an Integrated Policy Approach to Commercializing
More informationFarmers Perception of the Agricultural Information Resource Centre at Ago-Are, Oyo State, Nigeria
Farmers Perception of the Agricultural Information Resource Centre at Ago-Are, Oyo State, Nigeria Banmeke, T. O. A. and M. T. Ajayi Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services, University
More information(SPECIFIC PROCUREMENT NOTICE - SPN)
Apply for PhD and MSc Graduate Scholarships in the Cassava value chain, under the project Support to Agricultural Research for Development of Strategic Crops in Africa (SARD-SC), funded by the African
More informationFormal Insurance, Informal Risk Sharing, and Risk-Taking. A. Mushfiq Mobarak Mark Rosenzweig Yale University
Formal Insurance, Informal Risk Sharing, and Risk-Taking A. Mushfiq Mobarak Mark Rosenzweig Yale University Background Formal insurance markets largely absent where they are needed 75% of the world s poor
More informationNitrogen uptake in cotton+greengram intercropping system as influenced by integrated nutrient management
Crop Res. 41 (1, 2 & 3) : 59-63 (2011) Printed in India Nitrogen uptake in cotton+greengram intercropping system as influenced by integrated nutrient management S. M. NAWLAKHE 1 AND D. D. MANKAR 2 Department
More informationCash Crops, Food Crops and Agricultural Sustainability
GATEKEEPER SERIES No. 2 International Institute for Environment and Development Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods Programme Cash Crops, Food Crops and Agricultural Sustainability EDWARD B.
More informationProjections of Global Meat Production Through 2050
Projections of Global Meat Production Through 2050 Dr. Thomas E. Elam Center for Global Food Issues President, FarmEcon Summary: Meat production growth is driven by a combination of increases in economic
More informationPoverty in Central America and Mexico
Courtney Taglauer, Student Participant Fairfield High School, Iowa Poverty in Central America and Mexico According to the World Food Bank, Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical
More informationCrop-Share and Cash Rent Lease Comparisons Version 1.6. Introduction
Crop-Share and Cash Rent Lease Comparisons Version 1.6 Alan Miller and Craig L. Dobbins Spreadsheet can be found at http://www.agecon.purdue.edu/extension/pubs/farmland_values.asp Introduction This spreadsheet
More informationBeyond biological nitrogen fixation: Legumes and the Sustainable Intensification of smallholder farming systems
Beyond biological nitrogen fixation: Legumes and the Sustainable Intensification of smallholder farming systems B Vanlauwe, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya [with
More informationFarm Financial Management
Farm Financial Management Your Farm Income Statement How much did your farm business earn last year? There are many ways to answer this question. A farm income statement (sometimes called a profit and
More informationHarvesting energy with fertilizers
Harvesting energy with fertilizers Sustainable agriculture in Europe 1 Harvesting energy with fertilizers The reason for agriculture s existence is to supply energy to mankind. Agriculture converts solar
More informationUsing Enterprise Budgets To Make Decisions about Your Farm Richar d Carkner
PNW0535 Using Enterprise Budgets To Make Decisions about Your Farm Richar d Carkner A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication Washington Oregon Idaho Enterprise budgets are important decision making tools.
More informationFarming. In the Standard Grade Geography exam there are three types of farming you need to know about arable, livestock and mixed.
Types of Farming In the Standard Grade Geography exam there are three types of farming you need to know about arable, livestock and mixed. Arable farms are ones where the main way of making money is by
More informationDeficit Rainfall Insurance Payouts in Most Vulnerable Agro Climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu, India
Deficit Rainfall Insurance Payouts in Most Vulnerable Agro Climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu, India S.Senthilnathan, K.Palanisami, C.R.Ranganathan and Chieko Umetsu 2 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore,
More informationDistance learning program for agricultural education in Southern Africa. Mungule Chikoye, Krishna Alluri, Richard Siaciwena, and Rainer Zachmann *
Distance learning program for agricultural education in Southern Africa Mungule Chikoye, Krishna Alluri, Richard Siaciwena, and Rainer Zachmann * Abstract The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) in collaboration
More informationHighlights of Organic Issues within National Agric Policy (20013)
Highlights of Organic Issues within National Agric Policy (20013) (Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Cooperatives Tanzania By. Mibavu, G. M. 1 Outline i. Introduction ii. Opportunities on Organic
More informationNew York Science Journal 2014;7(9) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork
Perception of Artificial Insemination among Fulani Cattle Rearers in Zuru Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria Musa D. Baba 1, Aminu M. Sakaba 2, Taibat A. Manga 3 and Musa S. Ribah 2 1 Department
More informationGender Disparities and the Role of Women in Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa
Gender Disparities and the Role of Women in Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa Washington Muzari Senior Lecturer, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Chinhoyi University of Technology Abstract:
More informationSCALING UP AGRICULTURAL FINANCE
SCALING UP AGRICULTURAL FINANCE Can Small Scale farmers be financed on commercial basis by a Financial Institution? The Case of KCB BANK RWANDA LTD Presentation profile 1. Rwanda s Agricultural scene 2.
More informationP. M. B. www.eds sl.com. of a. Senior Partner. Tel: +23276787890. .com
ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT SERVICESS LTD 15 Mudge Farm, Off Sir Samuel Lewis Road P. M. B. 108, Freetown ~ Sierra Leonee www.eds sl.com FARMERS ASSESSMENT OF RICE VARIETIES IN NORTHERN SIERRA LEONE Report
More informationTHE EFFECT OF SCIENCE IN COCOA PRODUCTION FARMER S POINT OF VIEW
THE EFFECT OF SCIENCE IN COCOA PRODUCTION FARMER S POINT OF VIEW I can speak to you as a farmer that is producing sustainable cocoa and as a shipper that buys sustainable cocoa directly from the farms.
More informationGlobal Pulse Production and Consumption Trends: The Potential of Pulses to Achieve Feed the Future Food and Nutritional Security Goals
Global Pulse Production and Consumption Trends: The Potential of Pulses to Achieve Feed the Future Food and Nutritional Security Goals Mywish Maredia Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics,
More informationCultivating Agricultural Information Management System Using GIS Technology
Hitachi Review Vol. 58 (2009), No. 6 265 Cultivating Agricultural Information Management System Using GIS Technology Improving Agricultural Efficiency through Information Technology Osamu Nishiguchi Noriko
More informationUnderlying Factors for Gender Inequality in African Agriculture
Underlying Factors for Gender Inequality in African Agriculture Gender perspectives in research for development (R4D), Annual Conference North-South Centre, ETH Zurich, Tuesday, June 12, 2012 Chinwe Ifejika
More informationEvaluating the benefits of integrated rice-duck farming as organic system in Bangladesh
Evaluating the benefits of integrated rice-duck farming as organic system in Bangladesh Shaikh Tanveer Hossain*, H Konagaya, T Furuno and H Sugimoto * E-mail : tanveer107@yahoo.com Fact Sheet of Bangladesh
More informationDevelopment Dialogue Forum Towards a Food Secure Nation within the context of the National Development Plan NDP 4
Development Dialogue Forum Towards a Food Secure Nation within the context of the National Development Plan NDP 4 T H E R O L E O F C R O S S - B O R D E R T R A D E I N A C H I E V I N G F O O D S E C
More informationTotal Income from Farming in the United Kingdom. First estimate for 2015
28 April 2016 Total Income from Farming in the United Kingdom First estimate for 2015 This release presents the first estimate of Total Income from Farming for the United Kingdom for 2015. Total Income
More informationAvailable study programs at Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
EU subject code University subject Name of course/program Mobility Language Homepage 1,1 1,1 Environmental Engineering in Agriculture II Rural Communication and Extension 1,1 Tropical Forestry and Agroforestry
More informationCLIMATE RISK SENSITIVITY IN THE FOOD VALUE CHAIN: WHEAT
CLIMATE RISK SENSITIVITY IN THE FOOD VALUE CHAIN: WHEAT Peter Johnston Climate System Analysis Group (Univ of Cape Town) Food, NutriAon and Health Security Research AAUN 27/28 August 2015 Canberra Our
More informationChapter Five Insurance Participation and Input Usage
Chapter Five Insurance Participation and Input Usage Empirical Evidence at Micro Level 5.1. Introduction In this chapter we have analyzed the effect of crop insurance on the three crops under study such
More informationAgriculture Mongolia. Mongolian Farmers Association. Presented by: Perenlei Chultem (M.Sc.) President of Mongolian Farmers Association
Mongolian Farmers Association Agriculture Mongolia Presented by: Perenlei Chultem (M.Sc.) President of Mongolian Farmers Association Co-Presenter: Boldsaikhan Usukh (PhD.Agri.) President of Ensada Holding
More informationAsian Economic and Financial Review
Asian Economic and Financial Review journal homepage: http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.php?id=5002 DETERMINANTS OF SAVINGS AND CAPITAL FORMATION AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN ISOKO NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF THE NIGERIAN RICE ECONOMY
1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE NIGERIAN RICE ECONOMY BY PROF. TUNJI AKANDE Director, Agriculture and Rural Development Department The Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), P.M.B. 5, University
More informationCaleb Small, Student Participant Chaminade College Preparatory St. Louis, Missouri. The Advantages of Biotechnology in East Africa
Caleb Small, Student Participant Chaminade College Preparatory St. Louis, Missouri The Advantages of Biotechnology in East Africa Approximately 14% percent of the entire world s population is undernourished.
More informationSHANGHAI: TRENDS TOWARDS SPECIALISED AND CAPITAL-INTENSIVE URBAN AGRICULTURE
SHANGHAI: TRENDS TOWARDS SPECIALISED AND CAPITAL-INTENSIVE URBAN AGRICULTURE Cai Yi-Zhong and Zhang Zhangen 1. Introduction The Chinese are famous for their highly intensive urban cropping systems and
More informationEU Milk Margin Estimate up to 2014
Ref. Ares(215)2882499-9/7/215 EU Agricultural and Farm Economics Briefs No 7 June 215 EU Milk Margin Estimate up to 214 An overview of estimates of of production and gross margins of milk production in
More informationCROPS COSTS AND RETURNS 2014
Crops, Environment and Land-Use Programme Kildalton CROPS COSTS AND RETURNS 2014 Compiled by: Tim O Donovan, Crops Specialist and Jim O Mahony, Head of Crops - KT Department Crop Margins Awareness of crop
More informationFACT SHEET. Production Risk
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL & MECHANICAL UNIVERSITY SMALL FARMERS RESEARCH CENTER FACT SHEET Production Risk Any production related activity or event that is uncertain is a production risk. Agricultural production
More informationTRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. Synopsis of Non-Tariff Measures for the Protection of Agriculture or in support of IncomeB of Agricultural Producers
Draft paper for Committee II 26 January 1959 TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Synopsis of Non-Tariff Measures for the Protection of Agriculture or in support of IncomeB of Agricultural Producers SWEDEN X
More informationAnalysis of the determinants of prices and costs in product value chains
SUGAR PRODUCTS Analysis of the determinants of prices and costs in product value chains SUGAR OVERVIEW Background Sugar commodity returns from the world market are based on global demand and supply. The
More information3.2 Extent of food losses and waste
4 3. Extent of food losses and waste 3.1 Food volumes produced Figure 1 illustrates the 2007 production volumes of all commodity groups in their primary form, including animal feed products (which are
More informationForage Economics, page2. Production Costs
Forage Economics Geoffrey A. Benson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, and James T. Green, Jr., Professor Emeritus, Department of Crop Science, NC State University
More informationHow much did your farm business earn last year?
Your Farm Ag Decision Maker Income Statement File C3-25 How much did your farm business earn last year? Was it profitabile? There are many ways to answer these questions. A farm income statement (sometimes
More informationClimate Change Vulnerability Assessment Tools and Methods
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Tools and Methods Climate Finance Readiness Seminar Leif Kindberg Knowledge and Learning Manager, ARCC PRESENTATION OVERVIEW About ARCC Overview of Climate Change
More informationASEAN INTEGRATED FOOD SECURITY (AIFS) FRAMEWORK AND STRATEGIC PLAN OF ACTION ON FOOD SECURITY IN THE ASEAN REGION (SPA-FS) 2009-2013
ASEAN INTEGRATED FOOD SECURITY (AIFS) FRAMEWORK AND STRATEGIC PLAN OF ACTION ON FOOD SECURITY IN THE ASEAN REGION (SPA-FS) 2009-2013 BACKGROUND The sharp increase in international food prices in 2007/2008
More informationOpen Meeting of the Club of Bologna Farm Machinery to Feed the World. 21 September 2015 Teatro della Terra, Biodiversity Park, EXPO Milano 2015
Open Meeting of the Club of Bologna 21 September 2015 Teatro della Terra, Biodiversity Park, EXPO Milano 2015 Farm of the Future Giuseppe Gavioli giuseppe.gavioli@gmail.com Challenges Child and maternal
More informationMoringa Oleifera a Multipurpose Tree:
Moringa Oleifera a Multipurpose Tree: 1.0 Introduction: Amandla Resources 1.1 Moringa Oleifera belongs to the onogeneric family of shrubs and trees and originated south of the Himalayas in Northern India.
More informationGuide to Cereals in the UK
Guide to Cereals in the UK WHEAT Wheat is the most widely grown arable crop in the UK. On average, it covers around 2 million hectares of land and produces about 15 million tonnes of wheat each year with
More informationRisk Management for Greenhouse and Nursery Growers in the United States
Risk Management for Greenhouse and Nursery Growers in the United States Dr. Robin G. Brumfield, Specialist in Farm Management Dr. Edouard K. Mafoua, Research Associate in Agricultural Economics Rutgers,
More informationAgricultural Technology for Development Old Issue, New Context
Agricultural Technology for Development Old Issue, New Context Secretary-General s Report to the 64 th General Assembly UN response to food crisis In mid-april 2008, ECOSOC held Special Session on the
More informationPrice Spread and the Determinants of Catfish Marketing Income in Anambra State, Nigeria
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & SOCIAL SCIENCES ISSN Print: 1813 2235; ISSN Online: 1814 960X 10 023/AWB/2010/6 4 73 78 http://www.fspublishers.org Full Length Article Price Spread and the Determinants of Catfish
More informationFood Security in a Volatile World
Issues in Brief Food Security in a Volatile World Developments in agriculture over the last fifty years have increased yields sufficiently to provide on average more than enough food for every person on
More information