The Renaissance: Causes, Art, and Artists

Transcription

1 The Renaissance: Causes, Art, and Artists

2 (NOTE: This is NOT Renaissance Art) Methodology Roman God Janus Symbolism? Simultaneously looking to the future and past God of? Beginnings, endings, transitions, and time. Legacy? January Think, New Years Eve

3 Methodology: Big Questions of the Renaissance In what ways was was the the time period known as the Renaissance In what a rebirth ways can of European the culture Renaissance and how a rebirth can this era of be considered the beginning Renaissance of our Modern be seen Age? as the European Culture? beginning of our Modern Compare to Middle Age? Ages Legacies in our day Compare to Greece and Contributions Rome How was it more like What happened that now, than the Middle was worthy of being Ages? called a rebirth?

4 What was the Renaissance? From the French translation of the Italian word for to be reborn Rinascere (ITL) to be re-born Definition A rebirth of art, literature, and science, in Europe during the 15 th, 16 th and 17 th centuries. How did it start? Rediscovery of Greek and Roman Texts (Crusades) Money in Italian City-States, thanks to trade with the Islamic World What came out of the Renaissance? Some of the greatest art in history Great works of literature A Scientific Revolution

5 Outline I. The Birth of the Rebirth (Causes) II. The Art of the Renaissance III. The Big Three Artists of the High Renaissance IV. The Birth of the Modern Era

6 Key Terms Janus The Renaissance Florence Venice Ottoman Empire Alum Patron Medici Family Big Three Artists Classicism Humanism Perspective Vanishing Point Gothic Architecture Northern Renaissance Secularism Rationalism Individualism

7 I. The Birth of the Rebirth Causes

8 What was life like in the Middle Ages? Lack of Education All knowledge came from the church Some advancements in art, but isolated.

9 I. The Birth of the Rebirth : Geography Why Italy? Geography Rules! Wealthy Merchant class rules city-states in Italy Money in Italian city-states Why does a city need money for art, literature, and architecture?

10 What started the Renaissance? Geography Rules

11 I. The Birth of the Rebirth : Trade Italian city-states were mini Industrial powerhouses. Florence Cloth Venice Trade Trade with the Ottoman Empire (Islamic / Middle East)

12 I. The Birth of the Rebirth : Trade Ottomans, aka Turks, were the most powerful empire in the region during the Middle Ages. (Not European) Venice and Ottomans had a mutually beneficial relationship Venice Fine Cloth (from Florence) Ottoman Alum ( mined resource used for dying cloth) Results? Example of?

13 I. The Birth of the Rebirth : Patron System Artists need to eat! Patrons would supply money Patron someone who gives money to an artist, so they can be free to work. Secular Example Medici Family Had favor with the Pope Extremely wealthy Came to rule Florence (Italian city state) Florence seen as the birthplace of the Renaissance Lorenzo Medici, painting by Raphael

14 I. The Birth of the Rebirth : Patron System Largest Patron of the Arts? The Church was still the richest institution Church became the largest patrons of the arts. Because the Church was paying, the art was very religious. Mond Crucifixion, by Raphael

15 I. The Birth of the Rebirth : Classicism Rediscovery of Greek and Roman Texts How were these rediscovered? How could this change the way people saw the world? Why was this a challenge to the church? (preview) Classicism the admiration and imitation of Greek and Roman art, literature, architecture, and philosophy. Humanism - studied humanities, focus on education. Believed that man (individuals) was capable of great things. (Reading)

16 II. The Art of the Renaissance 1. Art was Heavily Religious 2. Focus on the Human Form 3. New Artistic Techniques 4. Greek and Roman Influences (Classicism)

17 1. Art was Heavily Religious Patron System Church Sponsored Art Evidence Many, many paintings of the Madonna

18 1. Art was Heavily Religious Many, many paintings of the Madonna

19 2. Focus on the Human Form Obsessed with Anatomy Perfection in the eyes of God Very Realistic, less stylized

20 2. Focus on the Human Form Obsessed with Anatomy Perfection in the eyes of God Very Realistic, less stylized

21 3. New Artistic Techniques Shading Perspective Page 414 Lighting Study of Anatomy Made portraits and sculptures much more realistic Vanishing Point the point at which all linear lines of perspective converge

22 Perspective & The Last Supper

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24 The Last Supper, Da Vinci, 1498 The Last Supper, Castagno, 1447

25 4. Greek and Roman Influences Classicism the admiration and imitation of Greek and Roman art, literature, architecture, and philosophy. Classical Age- Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome For example: Classical Art Classical Literature B.A. in Classical Studies To the educated people during the Renaissance, the Classical Age (Greece and Rome) was a time of high civilization. Very pronounced in architecture

26 4. Greek and Roman Influences Many paintings celebrated great Greek or Roman Thinkers Often shows people dressed in Greek clothing\ Architecture During the Middle Ages Gothic Style Renaissance went back to Greek and Roman Style School of Athens, Raphael Example of Classicism; Use of Perspective

27 4. Greek and Roman Influences Many paintings celebrated great Greek or Roman Thinkers Often shows people dressed in Greek clothing Architecture During the Middle Ages Gothic Style Renaissance went back to Greek and Roman Style

28 Gothic Architecture (Middle Ages) h

29 Greek Renaissance Roman Renaissance Architecture was heavily influenced (copied?) Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Mostly rejected the Gothic Style of the Middle Ages.

30 III. The Big Three Artist of the High Renaissance Leonardo Da Vinci Michelangelo Raphael (Readings)

31 Northern Renaissance Locations: Netherlands, Germany, Flanders Any place in Europe that was not Italy Differences: Focused on commoners What did the Italian Renaissance focus on? Depicted real life scenes What did the Italian Renaissance focus on? Similarities: Techniques

32 IV. The Birth of the Modern Age

33 IV. The Birth of the Modern Age -isms of the Renaissance Humanism studied humanities. Believed that man was capable of great things. Secularism a trend away from looking to religion for all answers. Individualism a concept that values individual creativity and intelligence Rationalism using reason and logic as the reliable basis for testing any claims of truth Classicism the admiration and imitation of Greek and Roman art, literature, architecture, and philosophy. Considered to be hallmarks of our Modern Age in history

34 IV. The Birth of the Modern Age After the Renaissance Before the Renaissance Humanism Despair Secularism Orthodoxy Individualism Collectivism Rationalism Superstition

35 Famous Art from the Renaissance The Last Supper Leonardo Da Vinci

36 Famous Art from the Renaissance Mona Lisa Leonardo Da Vinci

37 Famous Art from the Renaissance Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo Da Vinci

38 Famous Art from the Renaissance Vitruvian Man Leonardo Da Vinci

39 Famous Art from the Renaissance The Pieta Michelangelo

40 Famous Art from the Renaissance David Michelangelo

41 St. Peter s Basilica, Michelangelo (and many others)

42 Famous Art from the Renaissance The Creation of Adam (Sistine Chapel) Michelangelo

43 Anatomy: A Brain?

44 Famous Art from the Renaissance School of Athens Raphael

45 Famous Art from the Renaissance Mond Crucifixion, by Raphael

46 Famous Art from the Renaissance Madonna of the Meadow, by Raphael

47 Famous Art from the Renaissance Wedding of the Virgin, by Raphael