INSIGHTS ON DISPERSION
|
|
- Moris Dawson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 INSIGHTS ON DISPERSION Overview Dispersion is the process of the spreading of mass from highly concentrated areas to lower concentrated areas. Achieving an adequate dispersion involves imparting enough energy in the system to overcome attractive forces between particles without putting so much energy in the system that you destroy or change the desired properties of the carrier resin. Dispersing particulate matter in a visco-elastic medium, such as a polyolefin, involves both science and art. Industries have emerged to service this need in the polymer market place and a body of scientific work has developed around the subject. However, achieving dispersions of particulate matter, and in particular carbon black dispersions, remains the domain of experience and know how. This Modern Dispersions Insight article will focus on the important attributes that must be considered in achieving dispersion of carbon black. Achieving a good dispersion has important commercial consequences. Good dispersion is needed to achieve some level of aesthetic appeal such as uniform color tone or high black jetness. Other markets need good dispersion to improve functionality of the end-use article such as electrostatic dissipative plastics and UV resistant articles. Dispersion is the key to delivering the value of the additive or pigment. Pigments, especially carbon blacks, present problems to customers trying to handle and disperse these products. Customers desire to have a product which is dust free, can be easily handled in conventional material transferring equipment and have the same product in a form that will easily disperse in the host matrix resin of choice. Additionally, customers desire a product that meets SH&E requirements for low dust levels in the work place. Masterbatches (20% - 50% pigment loading levels) were developed to address these requirements.
2 Carbon Black Fundamentals that Effect Dispersion Carbon black in its nascent form is fluffy powder. The particle size is roughly the size of virus. Consequently, the bulk density is very low and the material, as produced, is extremely difficult to convey in conventional material transfer equipment. Additionally, carbon black lacks significant surface functional groups, which means that the particles are hard to wet and therefore difficult to disperse. Manufacturers of carbon black solve some of these problems by pelletizing their products using low levels of wax or surfactants resulting in a product that has the form of small beads (prill) roughly 2-5mm in diameter. In forming the prill the carbon black particles are forced together to form aggregates. These aggregates must be broken down to achieve good dispersion. The energy that was used in making the prill must be matched by either chemical energy or mechanical energy to separate the carbon black particles back to their nascent non-aggolmerated state. Additionally, if the carbon black particles were forced into the van der Walls radii of adjacent particles this strong attractive energy barrier must also be overcome to achieve good dispersion. Carbon black particles are comprised of complex clusters of very small (~10nm) primary particles to form the primary particle - much like a cluster of grapes. (Please see the Modern Dispersion Insight article on Carbon Black Fundamentals.) The properties of carbon black that are critical to dispersion include the surface area and structure (complexity of shape) of the particle. Surface area is determined by primary particle size and to a lesser extent structure. Particle Size/Surface Area The primary particle size of a carbon black determines to a large extent, its degree of dispersability. The smaller the primary particle the higher the surface
3 area resulting in more area to wet and thus requiring more energy than a carbon black particle having lower surface area. Additionally, as the carbon black aggregate becomes smaller there is a higher volume concentration of carbon black at the same weight loading (compared to particles having larger aggregates) resulting in smaller interaggregate distances and, consequently, greater attractive forces to overcome. Structure High structure carbon blacks are easier to disperse than lower structure carbon blacks. High structure blacks exhibit less close packing than those of lower structure, thus, there is considerably more space accessible to the carrier resin. The entanglement between the carbon black particle and the carrier resin is the fundamental chemical process enabling dispersion. Inter-aggregate attractive forces are lower for higher structure blacks, consequently, less energy input is required to overcome the attractive forces which facilitates ease of dispersion. Carrier Resin Selection To achieve the desired dispersion in the end use application requires the masterbatch manufacturer to balance the visco-elastic properties of the carrier resin with those of the host polymer matrix. This balance requires that the carrier resin be similar in make-up, be from the same polymer family and have viscosity characteristics that ease dispersion of the pigment without causing deleterious effects on the end-use article. The viscosity requirements are such that the carrier resin disperses readily in the host matrix. Typically, masterbatches are made using lower viscosity resins that those of the intended host matrix but not so low of a viscosity so as to modify the desired viscoelastic properties of the final material. A rule of thumb is that the carrier resin should have a melt thinning profile similar to the host resin and have a melt-index within an
4 order of magnitude of the host resin. In selecting the carrier resin the masterbatch manufacturer must consider a myriad of compromises including; cost, degradation temperature, ultimate end-use, inertness, compatibility with the host resin and compatibility with the pigment. Choosing the appropriate carrier resin is an art and recipes are closely guarded secrets. The Dispersion Process The dispersion process can be viewed as sequence of events. These events include wetting and premixing of the pigment, breaking down the carbon black prills, deagglomeration and dispersion. Mechanical and thermal energy are used to break down the agglomerates, separate them into their fundamental aggregates and disperse the aggregates into the carrier resin. Chemical energy, in the form of dispersion aids, is used in difficult to disperse systems. Wetting and Premixing This step involves the premixing of the masterbatch components and occasionally wetting of the carbon black dispersion aids. The goal is to achieve displacement of occluded air and cover the surface of the carbon black agglomerates completely with vehicle yielding a workable dispersion mix. Prill Breakdown and De-Agglomeration Before melt compounding the dispersion mix is subjected to high energy mixers so as to breakdown the pigment prills and achieve a uniform material mix. Carbon black and the carrier resin are subjected to high energy mixers with the goal being to break down the aggregates of carbon black. This step is essential to achieve a good carbon black masterbatches. Melt-Compounding
5 Melt compounding is accomplished using a variety of equipment including Banburry mixers, single screw extruders and twin screw extruders. The goal of the melt-compounding step is to combine the dry mix and the carrier resin creating uniform pellets that have homogenous composition. Thickening of the melt and melt fracture is a frequent problem in producing the masterbatch because the mixture has between 20% and 50% active ingredients. Achieving the desired end-use viscosity, loading and performance envelope frequently requires significant trial and error. Production profiles are closely guarded secrets and key to the differentiation of masterbatch producers. Manufacturing know-how, intellectual property and trade secrets are key to the sustainable competitive advantage of most masterbatch manufacturer
Plastics and Polymer Business. Properties enhancement for Plastics
News Letter Vol. 18, issue October-December, 2012 Hyperdispersants and Coupling Agents for Thermoplastics and Thermosets Solplus, Ircolplus and Solsperse hyperdispersants and coupling agents have been
More informationINSIGHTS ON CARBON BLACK FUNDAMENTALS
INSIGHTS ON CARBON BLACK FUNDAMENTALS History Carbon black is one of the oldest manufactured materials. Early uses can be traced back to ancient China, the early Egyptians and the production of Indian
More informationRaven and Conductex Products for Specialty Applications
Raven and Conductex Products for Specialty Applications e e FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON BLACK A carbon black s application performance is determined by its fundamental properties and the level of
More informationCHEMICAL FOAM EXTRUSION PROCESSING GUIDE
FOAMAZOL Chemical Foaming Agents CHEMICAL FOAM EXTRUSION PROCESSING GUIDE Polymer Foaming Agent foam FOAM EXTRUSION USING CHEMICAL FOAMING AGENTS Introduction The basics of foam extrusion consist of mixing
More informationEXTERIOR LONG GLASS FIBER POLYPROPYLENE SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS. Abstract
EXTERIOR LONG GLASS FIBER POLYPROPYLENE SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS D. Fuller, S. Green, T. Ho, T. Kajdan, R. Lee, M. McKelvy, T. Sutton, T. Traugott The Dow Chemical Company, Dow Automotive Abstract
More informationThe ColorMatrix quick guide to liquid color. for plastics and silicones
The ColorMatrix quick guide to liquid color for plastics and silicones 1 Colorant selection Understanding which colorant technology best suits your particular product application will help ensure you gain
More informationTWIN-SCREW COROTATING EXTRUDER A FLEXIBLE SOLUTION FOR ADVANCED RECYCLING
TWIN-SCREW COROTATING EXTRUDER A FLEXIBLE SOLUTION FOR ADVANCED RECYCLING By Icma San Giorgio SpA INTRODUCTION Due to its great use in diverse array of applications, plastics represent one of the main
More informationMixing Rigid PVC. Oxy Vinyls, LP Occidental Tower 5005 LBJ Freeway Dallas, Texas 75244 877/699-8465. Technical Report #8
Mixing Rigid PVC Technical Report #8 With the use of the proper equipment and procedures, rigid PVC can be mixed to accommodate a variety of application needs. In most instances, PVC powder compound is
More informationINJECTION MOLDING PROCESSING GUIDE Polymer
FOAMAZOL Chemical Foaming Agents INJECTION MOLDING PROCESSING GUIDE Polymer Foaming Agent INJECTION MOLDING WITH CHEMICAL FOAMING AGENTS Introduction The injection molding of structural foam molded parts
More informationManufacturing Quality Concrete Products
CEMEX USA - Technical Bulletin 8.0 Manufacturing Quality Concrete Products Establishing or Upgrading a Quality Program Overview The following guidelines were developed for MCP (manufactured concrete products)
More informationHow t o to do do E ffective Effective Color Changes Changes
How to do Effective Color Changes Presented by Know Your Process Understanding colorants & pigments Polymer flow & color type Equipment design Melt viscosity Planning for effective color change Process
More informationDOW ECOLIBRIUM Bio-Based Plasticizers - Greening of PVC with Renewably Sourced Plasticizers
DOW ECOLIBRIUM Bio-Based Plasticizers - Greening of PVC with Renewably Sourced Plasticizers Bharat I. Chaudhary R. Eaton, B. Sczekalla, C. Laufer, B. Neese, A. Ghosh-Dastidar The Dow Chemical Company Outline
More informationMaximizing Productivity for Twin-Screw Compounding. Adam Dreiblatt Director, Process Technology
Maximizing Productivity for Twin-Screw Compounding Adam Dreiblatt Director, Process Technology Presentation outline Increase capacity - Optimized screw designs for feeding limitation - High torque and
More informationPARALOID KM-1 Acrylic Impact Modifier
Technical Data Sheet PARALOID KM-1 Acrylic Impact Modifier For Weatherable Vinyl Building Applications Regional Product Availability Description Europe PARALOID KM-1 Acrylic Impact Modifier belongs to
More informationLab 1 Concrete Proportioning, Mixing, and Testing
Lab 1 Concrete Proportioning, Mixing, and Testing Supplemental Lab manual Objectives Concepts Background Experimental Procedure Report Requirements Discussion Prepared By Mutlu Ozer Objectives Students
More informationDr. Paul Gramann The Madison Group Madison, WI 53719
New Dispersive and Distributive Mixers for Extrusion and Injection Molding Dr. Paul Gramann The Madison Group Madison, WI 53719 Dr. Chris Rauwendaal Rauwendaal Extrusion Engineering, Inc. Los Altos Hills,
More informationUnderstanding Plastics Engineering Calculations
Natti S. Rao Nick R. Schott Understanding Plastics Engineering Calculations Hands-on Examples and Case Studies Sample Pages from Chapters 4 and 6 ISBNs 978--56990-509-8-56990-509-6 HANSER Hanser Publishers,
More informationACUSOL 805S HASE Rheology Modifier and Stabilizer for High Surfactant Containing Detergent or Cleaner Formulations
ACUSOL 805S HASE Rheology Modifier and Stabilizer for High Surfactant Containing Detergent or Cleaner Formulations Description ACUSOL 805S rheology modifier is a synthetic hydrophobically-modified acrylic
More informationpolymer additive General Overview
DuPont Fluoroguard polymer additive General Overview DuPont Fluoroguard is a range of colorless, odorless, and chemically inert polymer additives based on fluorinated synthetic oil. Fluoroguard is designed
More informationChapter Test B. Chapter: Measurements and Calculations
Assessment Chapter Test B Chapter: Measurements and Calculations PART I In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1.
More informationKALPANA INDUSTRIES LTD. TECHNICAL DATA SHEET
1 KALPANA INDUSTRIES LTD. TECHNICAL DATA SHEET KI XL - 03 / KI-SC 10 TWO COMPONENT AMBIENT CURABLE POLYETHYLENE COMPOUND FOR INSULATION OF LOW VOLTAGE POWER CABLE DESCRIPTION : KI polyethylene compound
More informationPhysical & Chemical Properties. Properties
Physical & Chemical Properties Properties Carbon black can be broadly defined as very fine particulate aggregates of carbon possessing an amorphous quasi-graphitic molecular structure. The most significant
More informationCHAPTER 2 INJECTION MOULDING PROCESS
CHAPTER 2 INJECTION MOULDING PROCESS Injection moulding is the most widely used polymeric fabrication process. It evolved from metal die casting, however, unlike molten metals, polymer melts have a high
More informationLecture 24 - Surface tension, viscous flow, thermodynamics
Lecture 24 - Surface tension, viscous flow, thermodynamics Surface tension, surface energy The atoms at the surface of a solid or liquid are not happy. Their bonding is less ideal than the bonding of atoms
More informationAre these noise cancelling devices needed to make your chiller quiet??
Are these noise cancelling devices needed to make your chiller quiet?? Not on this chiller! Some sound barriers should never be broken. Government authorities recommend that exposure to loud noise over
More informationSuspension Polymerized Toners
Suspension Polymerized Toners The first types of Chemically Prepared Toner to be developed and commercialized were produced using suspension polymerization. Suspension polymerized toner has many advantages
More informationFoam Injection Molding:
Foam Injection Molding: Unique Process Solutions for Light Weighting Automotive Plastic Parts Steve Braig President & CEO Trexel, Inc. AGENDA Technology Overview > Chemical Foaming > Physical Foaming Foamed
More informationThe Effects of Antiblocking Agents on the Performance of Polymer Process Aids
The Effects of Antiblocking Agents on the Performance of Polymer Process Aids Brian W. Smith DuPont Performance Elastomers L.L.C. ABSTRACT Fluoroelastomer processing aids can improve the melt processibility
More informationHigh Performance PSA in Sheet Membrane in Water Protection
High Performance PSA in Sheet Membrane in Water Protection Xia Cao, Senior R&D Chemist, W. R. Grace, Cambridge MA 02140 Jyoti Seth, Strategic Program Leader, W. R. Grace, Cambridge MA 02140 Concrete is
More informationRubber-to-Metal Bonding
The Delta Rubber Thought Leadership Series Rubber-to-Metal Bonding Part Art, Part Science By Kevin Violette The Delta Rubber Company Automotive and industrial manufacturers are increasingly are turning
More informationApplications and Benefits of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)
I Applications and Benefits of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) Table of Content 1 Introduction...1 2 Improved Properties...1 3 Potential Applications...1 3.1 Current / short-term applications...3
More informationPROCESSING OF VARIOUS MATERIALS
4 PROCESSING OF VARIOUS MATERIALS CHAPTER CONTENTS 4.1 Shaping Processes for Polymers Polymers Manufacturing Processes for Polymers 4.2 Rubber Processing Technology Processing of rubber into finished good
More informationNON-WOVEN COMPOSITE OFFICE PANEL
NON-WOVEN COMPOSITE OFFICE PANEL Patent Number: US7871947 Publication date: 2011-01-18 Applicant(s): Milliken Provided herein is a non-stratified, or homogeneous, non-woven composite having (a) strength-imparting
More informationRadiation Curable Components and Their use in Hard, Scratch Resistant Coating Applications
Radiation Curable Components and Their use in Hard, Scratch Resistant Coating Applications William Schaeffer Steven Tyson Indu Vappala Robert Kensicki Sartomer USA, LLC 502 Thomas Jones Way Exton, PA 19343
More informationModern Construction Materials Prof. Ravindra Gettu Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Modern Construction Materials Prof. Ravindra Gettu Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module - 2 Lecture - 2 Part 2 of 2 Review of Atomic Bonding II We will continue
More informationMetal Injection Molded Parts
Metal Injection Molded Parts Metal Injection Molding (MIM) is a powder metallurgy process. he difference between MIM and conventional powder metallurgy is that in MIM, metal powder along with binders is
More informationProperties of Fresh Concrete
Properties of Fresh Concrete Introduction The potential strength and durability of concrete of a given mix proportion is very dependent on the degree of its compaction. It is vital, therefore, that the
More informationPelleting Process. Pelleting Process
Evolution of fish feeds: Pelleting Process Moist feeds; beef liver, spleen 1960 Powder mixture Semi moist feeds; trash fish and powder 1970 Dry pelleted feeds with lots of fines 1980 Extruded feeds 1990
More informationHow to choose the right mixer for high-viscosity mixing applications. More choices for virtually all applications
How to choose the right mixer for high-viscosity mixing applications. More choices for virtually all applications A few years ago, the process of selecting a mixer for most applications was straight- forward.
More informationstill different technique of assessment.
D E N S I T Y A N A L Y S I S Micromeritics gas pycnometers are being used worldwide to obtain material density measurements. These measurements are necessary in the manufacture of many of today s products.
More informationHow to reduce the cure time without damaging the rubber compound during injection molding?
How to reduce the cure time without damaging the rubber compound during injection molding? 0Introduction This article aims at analyzing the rubber injection process and highlighting the limits that prevent
More informationINNOVATIVE PLASTICS ULTRASONIC WELDING
INNOVATIVE PLASTICS ULTRASONIC WELDING A SABIC COMPANY Innovative Plastics is a strategic business unit of SABIC. Founded in 1976, SABIC is today the first public, global multinational enterprise headquartered
More informationBenefits of Thermax N990 in EPDM Compounds
TECHNICAL BULLETIN EPDM Compounds Thermax medium thermal carbon black N990 is manufactured by the thermal decomposition of natural gas. The thermal process provides a unique carbon black characterized
More informationNOTE: FOR PROJECTS REQUIRING CONTRACTOR MIX DESIGN, THE DESIGN PROCEDURES ARE SPECIFIED IN THE SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT.
September 1, 2003 CONCRETE MANUAL 5-694.300 MIX DESIGN 5-694.300 NOTE: FOR PROJECTS REQUIRING CONTRACTOR MIX DESIGN, THE DESIGN PROCEDURES ARE SPECIFIED IN THE SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT. 5-694.301
More informationWire Drawing Soap Lubrication: Principles And Factors Affecting Selection
Wire Drawing Soap Lubrication: Principles And Factors Affecting Selection 1 Wire Products 2 Rod: The Starting Material 3 The tool: Wire Drawing machines Dry Draw Bench Courtesy of Lamnea Bruk, Ljusfallshammar,
More informationDispersion of Synthetic Fibers in Wet-Lay Nonwovens
Dispersion of Synthetic Fibers in Wet-Lay Nonwovens This article was written by James M. Keith, retired Director of Technical Services for MiniFIBERS, and published in the Tappi Journal, Vol. 77, No. 6,
More informationAs published in PIM International
As published in PIM International www.pim-international.com 64 Powder Injection Moulding International September 2012 Rapid prototyping of highperformance ceramics opens new opportunities for the CIM industry
More informationISANE Isoparaffin Products
ISANE Isoparaffin Products High Product Purity The Isane range is a unique range of products that is characterized by a high purity level, low odor, low surface tension, and relative chemical inertness.
More informationCHAPTER 3: MATTER. Active Learning Questions: 1-6, 9, 13-14; End-of-Chapter Questions: 1-18, 20, 24-32, 38-42, 44, 49-52, 55-56, 61-64
CHAPTER 3: MATTER Active Learning Questions: 1-6, 9, 13-14; End-of-Chapter Questions: 1-18, 20, 24-32, 38-42, 44, 49-52, 55-56, 61-64 3.1 MATTER Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies volume We study
More informationWax-based binder for low-pressure injection molding and the robust production of ceramic parts
Wax-based binder for low-pressure injection molding and the robust production of ceramic parts J. E. Zorzi a,* C. A. Perottoni b,a, J. A. H. da Jornada c,a a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
More informationSECTION 623 CONCRETE BONDING COMPOUND, EPOXY MORTAR AND EPOXY POLYMER CONCRETE OVERLAY SECTION 623.10 CONCRETE BONDING COMPOUND.
SECTION 623 CONCRETE BONDING COMPOUND, EPOXY MORTAR AND EPOXY POLYMER CONCRETE OVERLAY SECTION 623.10 CONCRETE BONDING COMPOUND. 623.10.1 Description. This work shall consist of preparing the surface,
More informationZETA POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF NANOPARTICLES
ZETA POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF NANOPARTICLES SEPTEMBER 2012, V 1.1 4878 RONSON CT STE K SAN DIEGO, CA 92111 858-565 - 4227 NANOCOMPOSIX.COM Note to the Reader: We at nanocomposix have published this document
More informationANTIOXIDANTS. ...used to prevent thermal degradation. ...inhibit oxidation (i.e. degradation) are cheap insurance for multiple pass materials
ANTIOXIDANTS...used to prevent thermal degradation...inhibit oxidation (i.e. degradation) are cheap insurance for multiple pass materials Antioxidants are generally divided into primary and secondary categories.
More informationInjection molding equipment
Injection Molding Process Injection molding equipment Classification of injection molding machines 1. The injection molding machine processing ability style clamping force(kn) theoretical injection volume(cm3)
More informationVacuum Evaporation Recap
Sputtering Vacuum Evaporation Recap Use high temperatures at high vacuum to evaporate (eject) atoms or molecules off a material surface. Use ballistic flow to transport them to a substrate and deposit.
More informationAluminum Pigments for Powder Coatings
Aluminum Pigments for Powder Coatings Metallic Effects in Powder Coatings Introduction Powder coatings may be defined as solventless paint systems composed of finely divided pigmented polymer particles.
More informationSaint Gobain Gyproc India Ltd. (Formerly India Gypsum Ltd.)
Saint Gobain Gyproc India Ltd. (Formerly India Gypsum Ltd.) Gyproc Plasters The cracks in cement sand plaster are an inherent feature which cannot be completely prevented but can only be controlled and
More informationRapid Prototyping. Training Objective
Training Objective After watching the program and reviewing this printed material, the viewer will understand the principles and practical applications of Rapid Prototyping. Basic concepts are explained
More informationSetas Color Center 2014 Business Unit Presenta5on
Setas Color Center 2014 Business Unit Presenta5on Overview About Setaş Kimya Sanayi A.Ş. Overview Markets and Business Units q Textile dyes and chemicals q Denim dyes and chemicals q Paper dyes and chemicals
More informationRAVEN BLACKS SPECIALTY APPLICATIONS REQUIRE POWERFUL SOLUTIONS
RAVEN BLACKS SPECIALTY APPLICATIONS REQUIRE POWERFUL SOLUTIONS RAVEN BLACKS RAVEN BLACKS A carbon black's application performance is determined by its nature and the level of dispersion achieved. The most
More informationSBO3 acntb s. NANOFORCE Next generation nano-engineered Polymer-Steel/CNT Hybrids. Lightweight and multi-functional. aligned Carbon Nanotube bundles
NANOFORCE Next generation nano-engineered Polymer-Steel/CNT Hybrids SBO3 acntb s Lightweight and multi-functional aligned Carbon Nanotube bundles Jin Won (Maria) Seo User Committee Meeting Nanoforce, 7
More informationint. ci.3. C 08 L 77/00 C 08 L 63/02
(19 Europaisches Patentamt European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets Publication number: 0 100 582 "*~ A1 1 EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION Application number: 83302578.6 @ Date of filing: 06.05.83
More informationThe Anatomy of a Toner
The Anatomy of a Toner Toner is a very familiar material to most people who have worked in the printer and copier industries, as well as to anyone who has worked in a business no matter how large or small.
More informationVULCOFAC TAIC-70 O N O . N CAS : 1025 15 6. N EINECS : 213 834 7. . Main function :. Crosslinking agent for peroxide cure elastomers
- Composition :. Active ingredient :. Triallyl isocyanurate. Formula : ( C12 H15 N3 O3 ) O N O N N O. N CAS : 1025 15 6. N EINECS : 213 834 7 - Supplier :. Origin : Safic-Alcan UK. Availability : regularly
More informationElastic Properties of Polymer Melts Filled with Nanoparticles
Elastic Properties of Polymer Melts Filled with Nanoparticles Helmut Münstedt and Christian Triebel Citation: AIP Conf. Proc. 1375, 21 (211); doi: 1.163/1.364479 View online: http://dx.doi.org/1.163/1.364479
More information2 MATTER. 2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
2 MATTER Matter is the material of which the universe is composed. It has two characteristics: It has mass; and It occupies space (i.e., it has a volume). Matter can be found in three generic states: Solid;
More informationLaser Printing of Polymeric Materials
Laser Printing of Polymeric Materials Mr Soumya Banerjee & Prof. David IanWimpenny Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing Group Faculty of Computing Sciences & Engineering, DeMontfort University, Leicester,UK
More informationPolypropylene engineered for film applications
Polypropylene engineered for film applications Oriented Film Cast Film Blown Film Heat Sealable Polymers Total Petrochemicals USA, Inc. has long been a recognized leader in the polypropylene film market.
More informationRheological Properties of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Modified Bitumen
International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 3:2 2 Rheological Properties of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Modified Bitumen Noor Zainab Habib, Ibrahim Kamaruddin, Madzalan Napiah and Isa
More informationPhysical and Chemical Properties of Matter
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space Chemical or Physical Property? Physical properties of matter: characteristics that can be observed or
More informationTechnically speaking, THE WHITEST WHITE
Technically speaking, THE WHITEST WHITE Permedia has been present on the market for 120 years and for 65 years has been a supplier of powder and paste color agents. Recently, its range has been expanded
More information1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Page 1 of 6 POLYONE CORPORATION 33587 Walker Road, Avon Lake, OH 44012 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Telephone : 1 (440) 930-1000 or 1 (866) POLYONE Emergency telephone : CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300
More informationEnhancing label print quality with UV pinning
UV Curing Solutions for the Industrial Print Market White Paper On: Enhancing label print quality with UV pinning The challenge: Overcome the wetting problems that were causing UV-curable inks to spread
More informationENGINEERED QUARTZ STONE
ENGINEERED 2 QUARTZ STONE 18 GOOD INDUSTRY PRACTICES 2 ENGINEERED QUARTZ STONE Natural stones, especially granite, have been used for flooring and countertop material in high-end homes for its beauty and
More informationKeltan 6251A A Versatile Sponge Grade
Keltan 6251A A Versatile Sponge Grade Graham Choonoo, Michiel Dees and Philip Hough Lanxess Elastomers Presented at the RubberCon 2012 Meeting of the Norwegian Institute of Rubber Technology Oslo, Norway
More informationINNOVATIVE PLASTICS HIGH & LOW SHEAR RATE RHEOLOGY
INNOVATIVE PLASTICS HIGH & LOW SHEAR RATE RHEOLOGY A SABIC COMPANY Innovative Plastics is a strategic business unit of SABIC. Founded in 1976, SABIC is today the first public, global multinational enterprise
More informationJONCRYL ADR-4380 LIQUID POLYMERIC CHAIN EXTENDER FOR CONDENSATION THERMOPLASTICS. Key Features & Benefits. General Information. Increases IV and Mw
JONCRYL ADR-4380 Key Features & Benefits Increases IV and Mw Upgrades recycled PET and PA for Fiber Applications Upgrades quality of PET and polyesters for Sheet and Fiber. LIQUID POLYMERIC CHAIN EXTENDER
More informationSPECIALTY CARBON BLACKS. High Performance Materials for Advanced Lead Acid Batteries
SPECIALTY CARBON BLACKS High Performance Materials for Advanced Lead Acid Batteries Better Your Batteries Cabot Corporation is a global performance materials company, and we strive to be our customers
More informationMeasuring Mixers for Material Research and Quality Control. ... where quality is measured.
for Material Research and Quality Control... where quality is measured. Features Brabender measuring mixers stand out for many favorable processing features: Easy handling and cleaning through bipartite
More informationAutomotive Base Oil Presentation
Automotive Base Oil Presentation What is a Base Oil? The refined petroleum mineral or synthetic material that is produced by a refinery to a required set of specifications. A lubricant s quality can depend
More informationComposite Electromagnetic Wave Absorber Made of Permalloy or Sendust and Effect of Sendust Particle Size on Absorption Characteristics
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 4, NO. 8, 2008 846 Composite Electromagnetic Wave Absorber Made of Permalloy or Sendust and Effect of Sendust Particle Size on Absorption Characteristics K. Sakai, Y. Wada, and S. Yoshikado
More informationCoating Technology: Evaporation Vs Sputtering
Satisloh Italy S.r.l. Coating Technology: Evaporation Vs Sputtering Gianni Monaco, PhD R&D project manager, Satisloh Italy 04.04.2016 V1 The aim of this document is to provide basic technical information
More informationDry Grinding of Technical Ceramics into the Submicron Range
Dry Grinding of Technical Ceramics into the Submicron Range S. Miranda, E. Yilmaz Micronization is the miniatur ization of particles by jet milling with compressed air or other gas to a range of 2 200
More informationAdhesive Bonding of Natural Stone
Adhesive Bonding of Natural Stone Section I: Basics of Stone Adhesion Adhesive Theory There are many theories concerning the forces that are at work in forming an adhesive bond between two (2) different
More information1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Page 1 of 6 POLYONE CORPORATION 33587 Walker Road, Avon Lake, OH 44012 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Telephone : 1 (440) 930-1000 or 1 (866) POLYONE Emergency telephone : CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300
More informationVISCOSE FIBRES WITH NEW FUNCTIONAL QUALITIES
VISCOSE FIBRES WITH NEW FUNCTIONAL QUALITIES Walter Roggenstein Kelheim Fibres GmbH, Regensburger Str. 109, 93309 Kelheim, Germany Phone: (+49) 9441 99-489; Fax: (+49) 9441 99-1489; Email: walter.roggenstein@kelheim-fibres.com
More informationPrint and Archival Topics: Laser Digital Color Robert Anderson
Print and Archival Topics: Laser Digital Color Robert Anderson This review highlights what is known about the archival properties of laser digital color prints and compares it with thermal ink jet. An
More informationthe premium valve gate hot runner solution
the premium valve gate hot runner solution proven performance in a variety of markets The Accu-Valve CX and EX designs bring industry-proven solutions for valve gating of commodity and engineering resins
More informationLumogen F. Technical Information. Collector dyes. Colorants and Graphic Systems. TI/P 3201 e (9125) November 1997
Technical Information Lumogen F TI/P 3201 e (9125) November 1997 = Registered trademark of BASF Aktiengesellschaft Collector dyes Colorants and Graphic Systems Lumogen F The ability of fluorescent dyes
More informationFOREWORD. The Plastics Pipe Institute. This Technical Note, TN-30, was first issued in January 2006 and was revised and republished in September 2013.
Requirements for the Use of Rework Materials in Manufacturing of Polyethylene Gas Pipe TN-30/2013 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062 P: 469-499-1044 F: 469-499-1063 www.plasticpipe.org FOREWORD
More informationTechnological Initiatives for Water-resistant and Thin Smartphones
Technological Initiatives for Water-resistant and Thin Smartphones Nariyasu Hayakawa Shigehiro Fujii Jiro Takahashi Smartphones are becoming larger as they start to contain higher-capacity batteries that
More informationCh. 4: Imperfections in Solids Part 1. Dr. Feras Fraige
Ch. 4: Imperfections in Solids Part 1 Dr. Feras Fraige Outline Defects in Solids 0D, Point defects vacancies Interstitials impurities, weight and atomic composition 1D, Dislocations edge screw 2D, Grain
More informationRheological Properties of Topical Formulations
Rheological Properties of Topical Formulations Hemi Nae, PhD Hydan Technologies, Inc. Key Words Complex Modulus, Creep/Recovery, Dilatant Flow, Dynamic Viscosity, Flow, Flow Curve, Flow Models, Frequency
More informationA Guide to Thermoform Processing of Polypropylene. Introduction
A Guide to Thermoform Processing of Polypropylene Introduction Thermoforming is the process of heating plastic sheet to a pliable state and forming it into shape. Thermoforming offers processing advantages
More informationDefects Introduction. Bonding + Structure + Defects. Properties
Defects Introduction Bonding + Structure + Defects Properties The processing determines the defects Composition Bonding type Structure of Crystalline Processing factors Defects Microstructure Types of
More informationChapter 13 - LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
Chapter 13 - LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Problems to try at end of chapter: Answers in Appendix I: 1,3,5,7b,9b,15,17,23,25,29,31,33,45,49,51,53,61 13.1 Properties of Liquids 1. Liquids take the shape of their container,
More informationSession Five: Modern XLPE Materials for Extruded Energy Cable Systems
Session Five: Modern XLPE Materials for Extruded Energy Cable Systems Abstract Hakan Lennartsson Senior Technical Service Manager, Borouge Hong Kong Pte. Ltd. The first medium voltage cables using extruded
More informationMechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied
Mechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied Stress and strain fracture or engineering point of view: allows to predict the
More informationMILMAN & ASSOCIATES STRUCTURAL CONSULTING ENGINEERS/ PROJECT MANAGERS
MILMAN & ASSOCIATES STRUCTURAL CONSULTING ENGINEERS/ PROJECT MANAGERS May 29, 2013 Revision B Structural Guideline for Design and Installation Holes in Composite Floor Slab Terminal 3, Departure Level
More informationRadial-axial Radial mixing is based on the premise that the fluids to be mixed enter the mixer in the correct proportions simultaneously
Brochure E-0501 1 Introduction. Static mixers are used for a wide range of applications including mixing, heat exchange and dispersion, due to numerous unique innovations our products are especially suitable
More information