Photo Sequencing. Tali Basha Yael Moses Shai Avidan

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1 Tali Basha Yael Moses Shai Avidan ECCV2012

2 Tel Aviv

3 The Input N images taken from different locations at different time steps

4 Random Order

5 Our Result

6 But Who Cares? Capturing the highlights of a dynamic event Analyzing/Visualizing the dynamic content using still images

7 Problem definition: Given N still images, determine their temporal order: t < t < t < t time N! possible permutations 15!~10 12

8 is Not Video Synchronization Photo Tourism Static 4D City Reconstruction years Inferring Temporal Order of Images From 3D Structure, Schindler at al., CVPR 2007

9 Assumptions Short time interval I 1 Reference Two images taken roughly from the same position I 2

10 Static & Dynamic Features Detect features & match to the reference Static Features Dynamic Features Epipolar Geometry Fundamental matrices w.r.t. the reference image ECCV 12 Temporal Order Provide the temporal information

11 Dynamic Features

12 Algorithm Outline Dynamic Features Detect & Match w.r.t the reference Partial Order from a Corresponding Dynamic Features I 6 <I 3 <I 1 I 7 <I 4 Based on Epipolar Geometry Aggregate Partial Orders I 3 <I 5 <I 7 <I 4 <I 1 <I 2 Rank Aggregation Solution

13 Order from a Single Feature Set Spatial order in 3D Temporal order P j (t 2 ) P j (t 4 ) P j (t 3 ) P j (t 1 ) j L ECCV 12 Time t 3 t 2 t 4 t 1

14 Order from a Single Feature Set Spatial order in 2D Temporal order P j (t P j (t 1 ) P j (t 4 ) P j (t 2 ) 3 ) j L ECCV 12 Time t 3 t 2 t 4 t 1

15 Order from a Single Feature Set Map all features to the reference image ECCV 12 Time t 3 t 2 t 4 t 1

16 Mapping to The Reference I 1 I k F p k i k (t k ) p i ( t 1 k ) p i ( t 1 1 ) p i ( 2 ) 1 t p i ( t k k ) Reference

17 Mapping to The Reference I 1 I k F p k i k (t k ) p i ( t 1 k ) p i ( t 1 1 ) p i ( 2 ) 1 t p i ( t k k ) Reference

18 Mapping to The Reference I 1 I k p i ( t k k ) Reference I 5 <I 4 <I 3 <I 1 < I 2

19 Mapping to The Reference I 1 I k Actual Path p i ( t k k ) Reference

20 Algorithm Outline Dynamic Features Detect & Match w.r.t the reference Partial Order from a Corresponding Dynamic Features I 6 <I 3 <I 1 I 7 <I 4 Based on Epipolar Geometry Aggregate Partial Orders I 3 <I 5 <I 7 <I 4 <I 1 <I 2 Rank Aggregation Solution

21 Order Representation Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Node 4

22 Order Representation Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Node 4

23 Order Representation Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Node 4

24 Order Representation Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Node 4

25 Order Representation Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Node 4

26 Order Representation Conflict! Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Node 4

27 Rank Aggregation Input: Possibly conflicting partial orders, {σ i } Goal: Compute a consensus full order, σ: Node 1 N D * σ argmin K(σ, σ σ i i ) Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Node 4

28 Rank Aggregation Rank Aggregation Methods for The Web, Dwork et al Markov Chain Approximation Node 1 N D * σ argmin K(σ, σ σ i i ) Web Applications Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Node 4

29 Markov Chain W(i,j) = Pr{t(I i )<t(i j )} State 1 State 2 W(i,j) State 3 State 5 State 4

30 Markov Chain Initial State Random walk: start from a uniform distribution 1/5 State 1 1/5 State 2 State 3 1/5 State 5 State 4 1/5 1/5

31 Markov Chain Steady State Ends at the sink State 1 time St State 2 State 3 0 State 5 State 4 0 0

32 Markov Chain Initial State Remove the sink & repeat time 1/4 State 1 State 2 State 3 1/4 State 5 State 4 1/4 1/4

33 Markov Chain Steady State Ends at the sink time St. 5 St. 2 State 1 0 State 2 State 3 0 State 5 State 4 1 0

34 Results

35 Skateboard - Input 9 still images Note the different viewpoints and camera parameters

36 Skateboard - Input I 2 I 1

37 Skateboard - Input Here are the input images in a random order:

38 Skateboard - Results The aligned images ordered by our method The man is skating from left to right

39 Skateboard - Results The aligned images ordered by our method The man is skating from left to right

40 Skateboard - Results The aligned images ordered by our method The man is skating from left to right

41 Skateboard - Results The aligned images ordered by our method The man is skating from left to right

42 Skateboard - Results The aligned images ordered by our method The man is skating from left to right

43 Skateboard - Results The man is skating from left to right

44 Skateboard - Results The man is skating from left to right

45 Skateboard - Results The man is skating from left to right

46 Skateboard - Results The man is skating from left to right

47 Slide - Input

48 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

49 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

50 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

51 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

52 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

53 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

54 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

55 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

56 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

57 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

58 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

59 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

60 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

61 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

62 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

63 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

64 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

65 Slide - Results The aligned images ordered by our method

66 More Results - Beach

67 More Results - Beach I 1 I 2

68 Beach Results The aligned images ordered by our method

69 Beach Results The aligned images ordered by our method

70 Beach Results The aligned images ordered by our method

71 Beach Results The aligned images ordered by our method

72 Beach Results The aligned images ordered by our method

73 Beach Results The aligned images ordered by our method

74 Beach Results The aligned images ordered by our method

75 Beach Results The aligned images ordered by our method

76 Conclusions & Future Work Geometry based solution Rank Aggregation Short Term Future work: Matching Relaxing the assumptions Scalability Long Term Future work: Can still images replace monocular videos?

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