Outline Background CO Sources Oil Fields Selection Laboratory Evaluation Simulation Study Plan for Implementation Conclusions

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1 CO 2 UTILIZATION FOR EOR AT OIL FIELDS IN INDONESIA SUGIHARDJO Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology

2 Outline Background CO 2 Sources 2 Oil Fields Selection Laboratory Evaluation Simulation Study Plan for Implementation Conclusions 2

3 Background World Energy-Related CO 2 Emissions by Fuel Type The rising of CO 2 emissions: The Increasing Petroleum Industry The heavy reliance on fossil fuels Deforestation Population and economic growth Source: IEA - International Energy Outlook

4 Background (cont d) Cummulativ e 19.9 BSTB 32.6% The declining of oil production g in Indonesia GOI s oil production target for 8% 2010 is only 1.1 Million Bpd Depleted oil and gas reservoirs Remaining Reserves of Primary Recovery 4.8 BSTB Total OOIP: 61.1 BSTB 4

5 Background (cont d) 700 Peak 1977 Peak 1995 Plateau Stage Million barre els Other PSC s Chevron Pacific Indonesia

6 Background (cont d) IOR Concepts Primary phase Incremental secondary Extrapolated primary Secondary phase Incremental Tertiary Extrapolated secondary Tertiary phase (EOR) Injection Wells Producing Wells Effort to force additional petroleum out of the pores in the reservoir rock Water Gas Steam Chemical Technology 6 Source SPE 38

7 Background (cont d) Advantages of CO 2 EOR Dramatic Improvement of Oil Recovery CO 2 is Ultimate Injectant with Proven Effects/Superior to Gas & Water Ultimate Oil Recovery (Typical) Secondary Recovery 30 % of OOIP CO 2 Injection 45 % of OOIP Saving Natural Gas Consumption Environmental and Economic Effect Reduction of CO 2 Emission New Initiative (Kyoto Protocol) 7

8 Depleted Oil Reservoirs CO2 Sources PHILIPINES Natuna Bontang LNG Plant East Kalimantan South Sumatra Storage Capacity: MtCO 2 West Jawa Oil Recovery: Million bbl CO 2 Separation Storage Capacity: MtCO 2 Oil Recovery: Million bbl 8

9 Project Activity ty Diagram a Laboratory Tests Miscibilities Studies PVT Studies Extraction Experiments Core Flooding Experiments Study of CO 2 Sources, Capture and Transportation Simulation of Laboratory Experiments L b Reservoir Simulations Reservoir Data & Geological Data from Oil Field Economic Analyses, Summary & Conlcusions 9

10 Oil Fields Selection FOR CO 2 -EOR Reservoir Parameters o Viscosity o Gravity o Composition o Oil Saturation ti o Formation Type o Net Thickness o Ave. Permeability o Depth o Temp Choose the best method EOR Methods Nitrogen and Flue Gas Hydrocarbon CO2 Immiscible gas Micellar/ASP/Alkaline Polymer Combustion Steam Surface Mining 10

11 Oil Fields Selection (cont d) Reservoir Parameter Screening Criteria Oil Gravity API > a Viscosity Cp < Composition High percent of C5 to C12 Oil Saturation %PV > Formation Type Sand St. or Carbonate Net Thickness ft Wide Range Average Permeability md NC Depth ft > a Average Temperature of NC 11

12 Oil Fields Selection (cont d) INDONESIA PETROLEUM WORKING AREAS 2008 Sangata & Attaka Kaji Semoga & Jene Jati Barang & Tugu Barat Total Working Areas =

13 Oil Fields Selection (cont d) NO. COMPANY FIELD LOCATION 1 CHEVRON ATTAKA SOUTH KALIMANTAN 2 PERTAMINA SANGATTA SOUTH KALIMANTAN JATIBARANG TUGU BARAT WEST JAWA WEST JAWA 3 MEDCO KAJI SEMOGA SOUTH SUMATERA JENE SOUTH SUMATERA 13

14 Laboratory Evaluation MMP Determination Viscosity Reduction Swelling of Oil Oil Composition Lighter RF Incremental Determination 14

15 MMP Detemination 1.20 MMP Determination 1.00 SLIM TUBE 0.80 ction) Recove ery Factor (Fra MMP = 2150 psi 1.2 PV OF CO2 INJECTED BLOW DOWN GAS BREAK THROUGH Injection Pressure (Psi) 15

16 Increasing Ps and Swelling of Oil 2000 SATURATION PRESSURE VS CO2 INJECTION RELATIONSHIP Sa aturation Pressu ure (Psia) Initial Saturation Pressure Mol Percent of CO2 Swelling (Vsat t/vinitial sat) SWELLING OF OIL Initial Saturation Pressure Saturation Pressure (Psia) 16

17 Viscosity Reduction Viskositas (cp Cp p) Viscosity C Viscosity VISKOSITAS of MINYAK CO KAYA CO2 2 Oil Rich Minyak al Ps=835 Aw al Ps=835 Minyak a CO2 Kaya Ps=1250 CO2 Ps=1250 Minyak a CO2 Kaya Ps=1380 CO2 Ps=1380 Minyak a CO2 Kaya Ps=1500 CO2 Ps=1500 Minyak a CO2 Kaya Ps=1658 CO2 Ps=1658 Minyak a CO2 Kaya Ps=1850 CO2 Ps= Pressure Tekanan (Psig) Psig 17

18 Oil Composition Lighter Components Original Reservoir Oil Mol % CO 2 -Oil System I Mol % CO 2 -Oil System II Mol % CO 2 -Oil System III Mol % CO 2 -Oil System IV Mol % CO 2 -Oil SystemnV Mol % Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Methane Ethane Propane i-butane n-butane i-pentane n-pentane Hexane Heptane

19 RF Incremental Determination Core Holder RECOVERY FACTOR OF COREFLOOD TEST AT INJECTION PRESSURE OF 2250 PSIG 1.0.E+05 Recovery Factor (% OO OIP) Waterflood Initial Gasflood Gas Breakthrough h Cumm. Oil Production 1.0.E E+03 10E 1.0.E E+01 (cc) Cumm. Ga as Production ( Core flooding Rig Cumm. Gas Production E Injection (PV) 19

20 Field Selection for Simulation Study FIELD WELL MMP COREFLOOD PSIG RF (% Sor) LOCATION ATTAKA B EAST KALIMANTAN UB No. CF SANGATTA ST EAST KALIMANTAN JATIBARANG JTB WEST JAWA TUGU BARAT TGB KAJI SEMOGA KS SOUTH SUMATERA JENE Jene Sangatta : Jene : Jati Barang : PERTAMINA Selected For Simulation Study 20

21 SB15 Simulation Process SELECT WELL DATA VARIOGRAM ANALYSIS ROCK CORE 6 4 EXTRACT MARKER DATA GEOLOGICAL- RESERVOIR MODEL PETROPHYSICS 3D SEISMIC SURFACE STRUCTURE UPSCALING RESERVOIR SIMULATION 21

22 Sangata Field Simulation Sangatta 22

23 Sangata Field Simulation 23

24 Jene Field Simulation Jene and Singa 24

25 Jene Field Simulation 25

26 CO 2 Storage EOR Potential Rule-of-Thumb Approach (historical experience) Incremental Oil Recovery (% OOIP) 8-16 % Gross CO 2 Utilization (Mcf/Bbl) 5-10 Mcf/Bbl Net/Gross Utilization Ratio (fraction)

27 Plan of Implementation (cont d) Preparation of Implementation Estimating Enhanced Oil Production by Laboratory Tests & Studies Estimating CO 2 Delivery Cost Studying Total Project Economics Studying the Merit of CDM Scheme 27

28 Plan of Implementation (cont d) Concept of CO 2 Emission Reduction and Utilization In Bontang Area Existing Facilities CO 2 (Off Gas) CO 2 Compression & Dehydration 4,300 T/D CO 2 (Off Gas) Flue Gas CO 2 Compression & Dehydration 9,500 T/D 16,000 T/D 2,000 psig CO 2 Pipeline CO 2 Pipeline (8~20 ) Neighbor Oil Fields ATTAKA HANDIL BEKAPAI SANGATTA Etc. Oil Production Incremental Bontang LNG Plant CO 2 Recovery CO 2 CO 2 Compression & Dehydration 28

29 Conclusions CO 2 emission especially from Petroleum Industries must be re-injected to follow CDM Scheme EOR is the only method to increase oil recovery and offset of cost only project for emission reduction Indonesia may build up work cooperation with other countries to implement CO 2 - EOR project at Indonesian oil field 29

30 THANK YOU 30

SPE-139516 Life beyond 80 A Look at Conventional WAG Recovery beyond 80% HCPV Injection in CO2 Tertiary Floods David Merchant, Merchant Consulting

CMTC-440075-MS SPE-139516 Life beyond 80 A Look at Conventional WAG Recovery beyond 80% HCPV Injection in CO2 Tertiary Floods David Merchant, Merchant Consulting Copyright 2015, Carbon Management Technology