Providing a grade to a. Now required. New York City, Washington D.C. and Seattle. HVAC&R Center/Industrial Refrigeration Consortium U.W.

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1 Cooling Efficiency Vendor Training Standards, Laws and Programs Daniel Dettmers HVAC&R Center/Industrial Refrigeration Consortium U.W. Madison Hosted by: Building Energy Labeling Providing a grade to a building to rate its: Efficiency Sustainability Green ness Now required in California, i New York City, Washington D.C. and Seattle 1

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4 t2 ASHRAE s Building EQ ASHRAE s new Building Energy Quotient program An advanced building energy labeling program Provides a rating system for a building s: Construction & Operation 4

5 ASHRAE s Building EQ LEED vs. Building EQ LEED is based upon Design Intent t USGBC has since launched Building Performance Index Building EQ provides As Designed and In Operation Rating EQ more focused on energy consumption EnergyStarvs vs. Building EQ Labels non Energy Star qualifying equipment Greater differentiation among high performers Roll out out Plan The In Operation rating will begin its pilot phase in late 2009 with a widespread launch in 2010 Applicable for existing buildings and after months of operation for new buildings The As Designed rating will begin its pilot in early 2010 with a widespread launch in mid 2010 Applicable to both new and existing buildings 5

6 ASHRAE s Building EQ ASHRAE Standard Purpose Provide minimum requirements for the energyefficient design of buildings except low rise residential buildings 6

7 Historical Timeline updated major rewrite minor revisions first issued updated dtd updates, reorganization updates , Section 6: HVAC Mandatory Provisions mandatory provisions ( 6.4) prescriptive requirements ( 6.5) Energy Simplified Cost Budget Approach Method Option (ECB, 11) ( 6.3) proposed HVAC design Simplified Approach Option ( 6.3) (small buildings only) 90.1 compliant HVAC system 7

8 , Section 6: HVAC Mandatory Provisions Equipment efficiencies Load calculations Controls Construction and insulation Completion requirements Drawings, Manuals Balancing Commissioning Mandatory HVAC Provisions Equipment Efficiencies Air conditioners and condensing units Heat pumps Chillers PTACs Furnaces Boilers Heat rejection equipment 8

9 Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency Prescriptive Option Equipment * Split systems <5.4 ton 10 SEER 12 SEER 13 SEER A/C air cooled 10.1 EER 10.1 EER 11.0 EER 5.4 to ton A/C air cooled 20 to 63.3 ton 9.3 EER 9.5 IPLV 9.3 EER 9.5 IPLV 9.8 EER 9.5 IPLV Water Source HP 12.0 EER 12.0 EER 12.0 EER Condensing Unit > EER 10.1 EER 10.1 EER 11.2 IPLV 11.2 IPLV 11.2 IPLV Air cooled chiller (w/ condenser) Centrifugal Chiller >600 tons, Path A Centrifugal Chiller >600 tons, Path B 1.26 kw/ton 3.05 IPLV.576 kw/ton.549 IPLV 1.26 kw/ton 3.05 IPLV.576 kw/ton.549 IPLV 1.26 kw/ton 1.15 IPLV.570 kw/ton.539 IPLV N/A N/A.590 kw/ton.400 IPLV * numbers are the latest numbers, not original Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency Prescriptive Option Equipment PTAC (new)* 12.5 (0.213 Cap/1000) EER 12.5 (0.213 Cap/1000) EER 12.5 (0.213 Cap/1000) EER Furnace (Gas) >225Mbh 80% Comb Eff 80% Comb Eff 80% Comb Eff Boiler (Gas), Hot Water >2.5 MMBH Centrifugal Fan Cooling Towers (Open)** 80% Comb Eff 80% Comb Eff 82% Comb Eff 20.0 gpm/hp 20.0 gpm/hp 20.0 gpm/hp Where multiple rating conditions or performance requirements are provided, the equipment shall satisfy all stated requirements, unless otherwise exempted by footnotes in the table from ASHRAE , Section , Minimum Equipment Efficiencies * Efficiency depends on capacity ** numbers are the latest numbers, not original 9

10 Mandatory HVAC Provisions Equipment Efficiencies The ranges are originally supplied for centrifugal chillers of the sized: < 150 tons.703 kw/ton,.670 IPLV > 150 tons to < 300 tons.634 kw/ton,.596 IPLV > 300 tons.576 kw/ton,.549 IPLV Addendum M: Chiller Efficiencies, Path B adds 600 tons (1/1/2010) Public Review: Addendum M Chiller Efficiencies, Path B Equipment Type Size Category Before 1/1/2010 As of 1/1/2010 c Test Procedure b Path A Path B d ARI 550/590 Units Full Load IPLV Full Load IPLV Full Load IPLV <75 tons kw/ton Water Cooled 75 tons and kw/ton Electrically Operated, < 150 tons Positive 150 tons and Displacement kw/ton < 300 tons 300 tons kw/ton <150 tons kw/ton tons and Water Cooled kw/ton < 300 tons Electrically Operated, Centrifugal 300 tons and kw/ton < 600 tons tons kw/ton

11 Mandatory HVAC Provisions Equipment Efficiencies 1.26 kw/ton 1.52 IPLV 1.13 kw/ton 1.02 IPLV On 1/1/2010 Recip to be merged in with Screw & Scroll kw/ton IPLV kw/ton IPLV kw/ton IPLV kw/ton IPLV Source: mandatory HVAC provisions Load Calculations Must calculate heating and cooling system design loads Must base calculations on generally accepted engineering standards and handbooks 2005 American Standard All rights reserved 11

12 mandatory HVAC provisions Ventilation: High Occupancy new in Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) required for Spaces > 500 ft 2 and design occupancy > 40 people/1000 ft²: Served by systems with one of the following: Air side economizer Automatic OA Damper control Design outdoor airflow > 3000 cfm 4 Exceptions including: Systems with exhaust air energy recovery complying with Section section 6: HVAC Prescriptive Requirements mandatory provisions ( 6.4) prescriptive requirements ( 6.5) Energy Simplified Cost Budget Approach Method Option (ECB, 11) ( 6.3) proposed HVAC design Simplified Approach Option ( 6.3) (small buildings only) 90.1 compliant HVAC system 12

13 section 6: HVAC Prescriptive Requirements Economizers Simultaneous heating and cooling Air system design and control Hydronic system design and control Heat rejection equipment Energy recovery Exhaust hoods Radiant heating Hot gas bypass limitation prescriptive HVAC requirements Economizers Climate and system size determine need for an economizer May be either airside or waterside Numerous (9) exceptions, including an efficiency tradeoff Control must be integrated with mechanical cooling Operation must not increase heating energy consumption 13

14 climate and system size determinants Economizers new in Climate zone Cooling capacity for which an economizer is required 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 4a Economizer unnecessary (Miami, St. Louis, Charlotte) 2b, 5a, 6a, 7, 8 135,000 Btu/h (Yuma, Chicago, Edmonton) 3b, 3c, 4b, 4c, 5b, 5c, 6b 65,000 Btu/h (Denver, Lubbock, Vancouver) Required if: prescriptive HVAC requirements Airside Energy Recovery Supply air capacity 5,000 cfm Minimum outdoor air 70% Recovery system effectiveness 50% For cooling, based on total energy transfer For heating, can be based on dry bulb Exceptions (9) Labs, toxic exhaust, etc. Largest exhaust < 75% outdoor airflow 14

15 energy recovery recovery technologies Total Energy Recovery Total energy, rotary heat exchangers, a.k.a. Enthalpy wheels Heat wheels Energy wheels Desiccant wheels Membrane, fixed plate heat exchangers prescriptive HVAC requirements Waterside Energy Recovery Must recover condenser heat for service water heating (SWH) if: Facility operates 24/7 and Heat rejection > 6,000,000 Btu/h and SWH load > 1,000,000 Btu/h Whererequired required, meet the smaller of: Recover 60% of rejected condenser heat or Preheat water to 85 F 15

16 Future of 90.1 Increased attention to energy reduction Direction from ASHRAE Board of Directors A 2010 standard that results in 30% total energy cost savings improvement compared to Standard ( Work Plan) 25 30% less than ASHRAE Standard Availability Members $88 Others $110 Read online Order from bookstore (electronic or paper) Check for addenda (continuous maintenance) Download compliance forms Members $74 Others $93 16

17 EISA 2007 Signed into law by President Bush on Dec. 19, 2007 EISA 2007 Stated purpose of the act is to Move US toward greater energy independence & security Increase production of clean renewable fuels Protect consumers Increase efficiency of products, buildings, and vehicles, Promote research on & deploy greenhouse gas capture & storage options, and Improve energy performance of Federal Government 17

18 Energy security Key Provisions Energy savings Renewables Carbon sequestration Smart grid Other Provisions Energy Efficiency Revised standards for lighting Requires roughly 25% greater efficiency i for light bulbs, phased in from 2012 through 2014 Effectively banning the sale of most current incandescent light bulbs Various specialty bulbs Including appliance bulbs, colored lights, and 3 way bulbs, are exempt from these requirements Requires roughly 200% greater efficiency for light bulbs, or similar energy savings, by

19 Provisions Energy Efficiency Revised standards for appliances More stringent tefficiency i requirements for Residential boilers, furnaces, central A/C, heat pumps Dehumidifiers, Freezers, refrigerators, dishwashers, etc. Walk in coolers, Walk in freezers General purpose electric motors 1 < HP < 200 must meet at least NEMA Premium Efficiency levels 200 < HP < 500 must meet at least NEMA MG 1 Table (ca. 95%) Provisions Energy Efficiency (Buildings) Initiatives for conservation in buildings and industry Requires all lighting in Federal buildings to use ENERGY STAR products New standards & grants for promoting efficiency in government and public institutions Application of sustainable design principles Scorecards on energy, water, environment for buildings 19

20 Residential Provisions Energy Efficiency (Buildings) Weatherization, manufacturedhousing efficiency improvements Commercial Establishes Office of Commercial High Performance Green Buildings R&D, market transformation Target net zero energy buildings in accordance with Any new commercial building in US by 2030; 50% of commercial buildings stock in US by 2040; and 100% of commercial buildings in US by 2050 Provisions Energy Efficiency (Federal Buildings) Federal Building Energy Reduction Targets FY Reduction (%)

21 Provisions Energy Efficiency (Federal Buildings) Commissioning, retrocommissioning, recomissioning New and renovated Fd Federal lbuildings must reduce fossil fuel use (from 2003 levels) 55% by % by % by 2030 All new federal buildings must be "carbon neutral" by 2030 Provisions Energy Efficiency Walk in Freezers and Coolers an enclosed storage space refrigerated fi dto temperatures, respectively, above, and at or below 32 degrees Fahrenheit that can be walked into, and has a total chilled storage area of less than 3,000 square feet. By Jan Construction standard By Jan, 2012 Performance based standard Based on direct measurement or computer modeling...if models verified Follows California s lead 21

22 Waxman Markey June, 2009 Waxman Markey Bill passed House American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACES) Intends to reduce greenhouse gases by 83% from 2005 levels by 2050 Includes Cap and Trade system Institute a National Energy Code Code reduce energy use 30% below by 2010 ASHRAE to revise 90.1 accordingly State must adapt or Federal Government would step in Steps up to a 75% reduction by 2030 ASHRAE Standard Created by a collaborative effort of: ASHRAE U.S. Green Building Council Illuminating Engineering Society Written in code language for easy adoption Not a design guide Not a rating system 22

23 ASHRAE Incorporates 3 existing ASHRAE standards with modifications (Thermal Comfort) with modifications Intention is to fill a gap in evolving building codes A true standard for designing a green building Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for the siting, design, construction, and plans for the operation of high performance, green buildings to: a. balance environmental responsibility, resource efficiency, occupant comfort and well being, and community sensitivity, and b. support the goal of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 23

24 189.1 Scope This standard provides minimum criteria that: a. Apply to the following elements of building projects: 1. New buildings and their systems 2. New portions of building and their systems 3. New systems and equipment in existing buildings b. Address site sustainability, water use efficiency, energy efficiency, IEQ, and the building s impact on the atmosphere, materials and resources This standard shall not be used to circumvent and safety, health or environmental requirements Chapter 5 Sites: Highlights Discourages sprawl while preserving wildlife habitat Limits amount of impervious surface Seeks to reduce Heat Island effect Tendency of urban areas to be warmer More green and shade Limits SRI of surfaces Limits light pollution 24

25 Chapter 6 Water Use Limits site water use Encourages natural llandscaping Limits building water use HVAC Systems Subsystem metering Condensate collection from units > 5.4 tons No once through cooling Remote measurement devices to monitor consumption Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency Original goal was 30% lower than including process loads ASHRAE goal to have net zero energy and carbon by 2030 More stringent than Must meet sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4 and 10.4 Additionally, must follow prescriptive or performance path 25

26 Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency Mandatory Provisions On site Renewable Energy System Must provide for future installation of on site renewable energy systems with a minimum rating of 3.7 W/ft 2 or 13 Btu/h ft 2 times the roof area Energy Consumption Management Measurement devices w/remote communication required Must store 36 months of data Energy source thresholds for measurement included Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency Prescriptive Option On site renewable energy systems Provide annual energy production equivalent of not less than 6.0 kbtu/ft 2 (20 kwh/m 2 ) of conditioned space Exception allowed for poor solar areas or if renewable electricity is purchased Increased dinsulation levels l Continuous air barrier Demand Control Ventilation 26

27 Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency Duct Sealing Prescriptive Option Fan system power to be 10% less than Exhaust air energy recovery 60% effectiveness Variable speed fan for kitchen hoods Appliance installed prior to occupancy must be Energy Star rated Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency Prescriptive Option Occupancy sensor controls Automatic controls for lighting daylight zones Controls for outdoor lighting Peak load reduction Must contain automatic systems, such as demand limiting or loadshifting, that can reduce peak demand by 10% of projected peak demand Standby generation cannot be used Much more 27

28 Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency HVAC Equipment Prescriptive Option Can be left at EPAct baseline levels ( ) Renewable energy requirement same Peak load reduction the same Can opt for efficiencies listed in Normative Appendix C On site renewable energy requirement drops to 4.0 kbtu/ft 2 (13 kwh/m 2 ) Peak load reduction drops to 5% of projected peak demand Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency Prescriptive Option Equipment * App C Split systems <5.4 ton 10 SEER 12 SEER 13 SEER 14 SEER A/C air cooled 10.1 EER 10.1 EER 11.0 EER 11.3 EER 5.4 to ton A/C air cooled 20 to 63.3 ton 9.3 EER 9.5 IPLV 9.3 EER 9.5 IPLV 9.8 EER 9.5 IPLV 9.8 EER Water Source HP 12.0 EER 12.0 EER 12.0 EER 14.0 EER Condensing Unit > EER 10.1 EER 10.1 EER N/A Must match 11.2 IPLV 11.2 IPLV 11.2 IPLV to coil Air cooled chiller (w/ condenser) Centrifugal Chiller >600 tons, Path A Centrifugal Chiller >600 tons, Path B 1.26 kw/ton 3.05 IPLV.576 kw/ton.549 IPLV 1.26 kw/ton 3.05 IPLV.576 kw/ton.549 IPLV 1.26 kw/ton 1.15 IPLV.570 kw/ton.539 IPLV N/A N/A.590 kw/ton.400 IPLV 1.2 kw/ton.94 IPLV.570 kw/ton.539 IPLV.590 kw/ton.400 IPLV * numbers are the latest numbers, not original 28

29 Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency Prescriptive Option Equipment App C PTAC (new) 12.5 (0.213 Cap/1000) EER Furnace (Gas) >225Mbh Boiler (Gas), Hot Water >2.5 MMBH Centrifugal Fan Cooling Towers (Open)*** Centrifugal Fan Cooling Towers (Closed)*** 12.5 (0.213 Cap/1000) EER 12.5 (0.213 Cap/1000) EER EER* 80% Comb Eff 80% Comb Eff 80% Comb Eff 80% 92% Comb Eff 80% Comb Eff 80% Comb Eff 82% Comb Eff 91% Comb Eff** 20.0 gpm/hp 20.0 gpm/hp 20.0 gpm/hp >22 gpm/hp N/A N/A >8 gpm/hp * Efficiency depends on capacity **Shall have lower return temp (<130F) *** numbers are the latest numbers, not original ASHRAE Standard Standard d available from ASHRAE at Further information also offered by ASHRAE: 3 hour course May 25 & June 2 6 hour course June 10 & June day course in planning stage 29