Gotong Royong in the Recovery Process. International Recovery Platform

Transcription

1 Gotong Royong in the Recovery Process The Case of Yogyakarta, Indonesia AsianDisaster Reduction Center International Recovery Platform 1

2 What is Gotong Royong? Community Practicebefore the Earthquake The concept of Gotong Royong is rooted in rural Javanese culture. It refers to the principle of mutual help among neighbors in a community. The spirit and principles of Gotong Royong have been adopted and institutionalized in Indonesia. Gotong Royong Spirit Economic through cooperative Environment Quality improvement and Management through Kerjabakti (monthly gotong royong to cleaning their neighborhood) Community governance through Voluntary Community Level Association (e.g. Neighborhood Unit (RT/RW, Dasawisma), Youth association(karang Taruna), Community Board of Trustees (Badan Keswadayaan Masyarakat (BKM)) Kerjabakti activity Public Health through Posyandu (public health service for expectants, infants and toddlers fundedand supervised by Health department, but facilitated by community) Posyandu activity Neighborhood Security System through Siskamling (midnight daily patrol by community members in their neighborhood to prevent the outsiders and criminals) Siskamling activity 2

3 The Yogyakarta Earthquake of 27 May 2006 On 27 May 2006, an earthquake registering 5.8 on the Richter scale occurred in Yogyakarta and Central Java, and their surrounding areas (densely populated area) 5,716 people were killed and about t37,927 were injured. Estimates of destroyed and damaged houses are 156,662 and 202,031 units respectively Housing and Productive sectors were highly affected Seriously damaged houses were 1poorly designed, 2badly constructed, 3made of inferior materials. Houses destroyed by earthquake Source: Bappenas, Preliminary Damage and Loss Assessment 2006 Source: IRP Loss/damage loss.pdf 3

4 The Role of Gotong Royong Spirit in Recovery Gotong Royong in recovery means working together voluntarily to facilitate better recovery from disaster and to enjoy the results of mutual support, such as a more disaster resilient community. Voluntary work on clearing rubble and debris Constructing temporary shelter Smoothing the consultation process at the community level Reducing conflict through Musyawarah Mufakat (group consensus) Improving community involvement in planning, reconstruction, etc 2006 Habitatfor Humanity Indonesia People work voluntarily to clearing rubble post earthquake Gotong royong & Shelter/House Reconstruction Typology People work voluntarily to reconstruct their neighbor s house Source: IRP2009 4

5 Community based Settlement Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Project (CSRRP) Housing Reconstruction Process Source: 0GUIDELINE_JRF.pdf Application of Gotong Royong CASE 1: Housing Reconstruction Local government of Yogyakarta with funding from Java Reconstruction Fund (JRF) introduced CSRRP. JRF engaged existing community board of trustees (BKM ) in the recovery mechanism. BKM served as a bridge to deliver the program to the community. The Process: Donor organized the community through BKM The community implemented self survey to assess the damage With the help of BKM, the list of eligible beneficiaries was compiled by the facilitators Community meetings were conducted to discuss the list Eligible beneficiaries formed sub village beneficiary group (KP) of 8 10 households, and elected their group leaders. KPs formulated housing reconstruction plans and opened group bank accounts Disaster resistant building skills were acquired through htraining i & monitoring i activities iii by donor Implementation and Monitoring of the program through gotong royong 5

6 Application of Gotong Royong CASE2 2: Pottery Rehabilitation ti in Kasongan through h COOPERATIVE Developing Livelihood through Common Service Facility (CSF) Project This project was Initiated by Relief International (RI) with funding support from Australia Indonesia Partnership. CSF (a local meeting place) where craftsmen can come together was built. Cooperative of craftsmen was established with RI facilitation, which adhered to the principles of Gotong Royong. (Main Activities) Atiiti communal workspaces, village pathways etc were constructed. Communal Workspace Training activities in business management was conducted. Access to local and international market, new tools, technologies, and materials were developed Original design of Kasongan Terracotta Pottery Close collaboration with Gadjah Mada University and involvement of youth associations (Karang Taruna) in maintaining the economic activities was important. Pottery designed by CSF 6

7 The lessons of taking advantage of gotong royong tradition Before the earthquake, Gotong royong activities already functioned as collective action that essentially improved access to services and improved welfare outcomes of households. With some adjustment in the context of disaster recovery, adopting existing systems of gotong royong could fast track the over all process of recovery. Using facilitators, forming beneficiary groups, and collaboration with local universities were important to take advantage of gotong royong. Community-based recovery does not proceed as quickly as contract-based reconstruction by private companies. However, it gives opportunity for the community to be involved in decision making process and will eventually improve the capacity and consciousness of community members in managing their neighborhoods for more sustainable results. A community-based approach can be beneficial in terms of cost efficiency, as some community members may work voluntarily in post-disaster housing reconstruction. 7

8 Thank you! 8