Traffic safety at junctions with two-way bicycle paths

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1 Traffic safety at s with two-way bicycle paths Thomas Skallebæk Buch, Trafitec

2 Agenda Background Data and methods Accident frequency Models Final remarks

3 Background Priority s with two-way bicycle paths Supplement to a master thesis at DTU Transport The influence of layout on the risk of accidents

4 Data - s Data from 17 municipalities. 776 s Description Number of s Out of level Type 1 Path cross primary road (3-armed/4-armed s) (41%) Type 2 Path cross side road (3-armed s) (1%) Type 3 Path cross side road (4-armed s) 82 2 (2%) Type 4 Path cross side road (roundabout, 3-armed s with ban on left turning) (22%) 384 accidents where the path cross the roads ( ) 188 of the accidents caused injuries

5 Data traffic counts 188 s Matching of s according to type of, number of accidents, zone and layout where possible Larger share counted at s with many accidents: More 3 accidents: Every 2 or 3 accidents: Half of the s 0 or 1 accident: One out of five s 30 minutes counting

6 Methods Accident frequency rates Number of accidents per million road users Models Models based on all accidents in s between road and path and the injuries in these accidents exp Negative binomial distribution with log-link function Two datasets Junction with complete accident time (12 years): 332 s, 191 accidents, 77 injuries All s: 709 s, 305 accidents, 140 injuries Junctions where the path underpass the road are not included

7 Accident frequency rates I In total: 0.09 accidents per million crossing motor vehicles 0.47 bicycle accidents per million bicycles on the path 3.48 moped accidents per million mopeds on the path Who has to give way?: Traffic on path Path Road Out of level Total Crossing motor vehicles If 5 accidents with a pedestrian, a bicyclist or a moped rider not using the underpass are included the rates are in stead: 0.34 and 0.01 Path Road Out of level Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Total Total Total

8 Accident frequency rates I In total: 0.09 accidents per million crossing motor vehicles 0.47 bicycle accidents per million bicycles on the path 3.48 moped accidents per million mopeds on the path Who has to give way?: Traffic on path Path Road Out of level Total Crossing motor vehicles If 5 accidents with a pedestrian, a bicyclist or a moped rider not using the underpass are included the rates are in stead: 0.34 and 0.01 Path Road Out of level Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Total Total Total

9 Accident frequency rates I In total: 0.09 accidents per million crossing motor vehicles 0.47 bicycle accidents per million bicycles on the path 3.48 moped accidents per million mopeds on the path Who has to give way?: Traffic on path Path Road Out of level Total Crossing motor vehicles If 5 accidents with a pedestrian, a bicyclist or a moped rider not using the underpass are included the rates are in stead: 0.34 and 0.01 Path Road Out of level Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Total Total Total

10 Accident frequency rates I In total: 0.09 accidents per million crossing motor vehicles 0.47 bicycle accidents per million bicycles on the path 3.48 moped accidents per million mopeds on the path Who has to give way?: Traffic on path Path Road Out of level Total Crossing motor vehicles If 5 accidents with a pedestrian, a bicyclist or a moped rider not using the underpass are included the rates are in stead: 0.34 and 0.01 Path Road Out of level Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Total Total Total

11 Accident frequency rates II Distance between road and path Traffic on path Crossing motor vehicles Distance Path Road Total Distance Path Road Total 0-3.0m m m m m m >12.0m >12.0m Total Total Marked cycle crossings Traffic on path Crossing motor vehicles Traffic on path Colored White No Total Colored White No Total Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Total Total

12 Accident frequency rates II Distance between road and path Traffic on path Crossing motor vehicles Distance Path Road Total Distance Path Road Total 0-3.0m m m m m m >12.0m >12.0m Total Total Marked cycle crossings Traffic on path Crossing motor vehicles Traffic on path Colored White No Total Colored White No Total Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Total Total

13 Accident frequency rates II Distance between road and path Traffic on path Crossing motor vehicles Distance Path Road Total Distance Path Road Total 0-3.0m m m m m m >12.0m >12.0m Total Total Marked cycle crossings Traffic on path Crossing motor vehicles Traffic on path Colored White No Total Colored White No Total Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Total Total

14 Accident frequency rates II Distance between road and path Traffic on path Crossing motor vehicles Distance Path Road Total Distance Path Road Total 0-3.0m m m m m m >12.0m >12.0m Total Total Marked cycle crossings Traffic on path Crossing motor vehicles Traffic on path Colored White No Total Colored White No Total Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Total Total

15 Accident frequency rates II Distance between road and path Traffic on path Crossing motor vehicles Distance Path Road Total Distance Path Road Total 0-3.0m m m m m m >12.0m >12.0m Total Total Marked cycle crossings Traffic on path Crossing motor vehicles Traffic on path Colored White No Total Colored White No Total Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Total Total

16 Models I The following variables are significant Traffic variables: AADT on paths sum of bicycles and mopeds (all models) AADT for motor vehicles driving into s from all arms (only accident models) Design variables (all models): Center line on path in Who has to give way? Design variables used in some of the models: Colored bicycle crossings Signed give way Canalization

17 Models I The following variables are significant Traffic variables: AADT on paths sum of bicycles and mopeds (all models) AADT for motor vehicles driving into s from all arms (only accident models) Design variables (all models): Center line on path in Who has to give way? Design variables used in some of the models: Colored bicycle crossings Signed give way Canalization Yes: No:

18 Models I The following variables are significant Traffic variables: AADT on paths sum of bicycles and mopeds (all models) AADT for motor vehicles driving into s from all arms (only accident models) Design variables (all models): Center line on path in Who has to give way? Design variables used in some of the models: Colored bicycle crossings Signed give way Canalization Path: Road:

19 Models I The following variables are significant Traffic variables: AADT on paths sum of bicycles and mopeds (all models) AADT for motor vehicles driving into s from all arms (only accident models) Design variables (all models): Center line on path in Who has to give way? Design variables used in some of the models: Colored bicycle crossings Signed give way Canalization Yes: No:

Models I The following variables are significant Traffic variables: AADT on paths sum of bicycles and mopeds (all models) AADT for motor vehicles driving into s from all arms (only accident

20 Models I The following variables are significant Traffic variables: AADT on paths sum of bicycles and mopeds (all models) AADT for motor vehicles driving into s from all arms (only accident models) Design variables (all models): Center line on path in Who has to give way? Design variables used in some of the models: Colored bicycle crossings Signed give way Canalization Yes: No:

21 Models I The following variables are significant Traffic variables: AADT on paths sum of bicycles and mopeds (all models) AADT for motor vehicles driving into s from all arms (only accident models) Design variables (all models): Center line on path in Who has to give way? Design variables used in some of the models: Colored bicycle crossings Signed give way Canalization Yes: No:

22 Models II Accident model s 12 years accident period AADT on path: 150, AADT motor vehicles: Doubling of traffic on path increase the number of accidents by 26% Doubling of motor vehicles increase the number of accidents by 21%

23 Models III Injury model s 12 years accident period AADT on path: Doubling of traffic on path increase the number of injuries by 18%

Models IV Accident model all s AADT on path: 150, AADT motor vehicles: 4.000 1.85 0.93 0.46 0.31 0.32 0.11 0.

24 Models IV Accident model all s AADT on path: 150, AADT motor vehicles: Doubling of traffic on path increase the number of accidents by 31% Doubling of motor vehicles increase the number of accidents by 25%

25 Models V Injury model all s AADT on path: Doubling of traffic on path increase the number of injuries by 29%

26 Final remarks I Who has to give way? Out of level: Safest if pedestrians, bicyclists and mopeds use the path Traffic on the path has to give way: Few accidents path has to be located at least 6 meters from the road Traffic on the road has to give way: Few accidents when the path is placed behind the give way line in the between roads Most accidents where the path is placed in front of the give way line in the between roads the path has to be located as close to the road as possible Traffic volumes safety in numbers

27 Final remarks II Colored bicycle crossings, center lines and signed give way Increase number of accidents Might be due to behavior Might be due to location Canalization Increase number of accidents Might be due to complexity Important: canalization often cause fewer accidents in the between the roads

Road safety and perceived risk of cycle facilities in Copenhagen

Road safety and perceived risk of cycle facilities in Copenhagen By Søren Underlien Jensen, Trafitec, suj@trafitec.dk Claus Rosenkilde, Road & Park, City of Copenhagen, claros@tmf.kk.dk Niels Jensen, Road