Approaches for Decreasing Environmental and Health Impacts of E- wastes Handling in Developing Countries
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1 31 August 11 September 2015, Del6, Netherlands / Antwerp, Belgium - Professional Programme - HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Approaches for Decreasing Environmental and Health Impacts of E- wastes Handling in Developing Countries Aura Maria Mar(nez, Colombia - Kreshny Guriah, MauriRus - Gayleg Zangmo, Bhutan - Mehran Kha8ak, Pakistan - Rotchana Intharathirat, Thailand 8 September 2015
2 Colombia Pakistan Bhutan Thailand MauriRus Aura Maria Mar(nez, Colombia - Kreshny Guriah, MauriRus - Gayleg Zangmo, Bhutan - Mehran Kha8ak, Pakistan - Rotchana Intharathirat, Thailand
3 E- waste: Bridging the digital divide or enlarging the environmental and health gulf? About 50-80% a of e- wastes exported to Africa and Asia from developed countries 25-75% b are non- working and labelled as secondhand products Adds to domes(c e- waste genera(on Condi(ons of towns in Africa, Thailand, China and Pakistan where e- wastes are being handled Ghana, Africa c Thailand d China e Pakistan f
4 E-Goods Flow Consumers of E-Goods E-Goods Flow Importers Repair/ Refurbishment Facilities Formal Collectors/ Dismantlers Recovery Facilities Export to Recovery/ Recycling Facilities Traders Informal Collectors/ Dismantlers Complexity of E- Waste Flow Inside Developing Countries
5 Professional Programme HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Sourceg Current PracRces Cherry Picking Breaking and removal of frames and casings Major parts dismantling and breaking Open burning of cables and equipment to extract metals (copper) Acid baths Open dumping Sourcei Source h Source jsourcej Sourcek
6 Story of Bad Governance Uncontrolled imports Unregulated recycling UNREGULATED WORKING CONDITIONS Unregulated disposal Lack of capacity Lack of separate e- waste regula(ons and guidelines Source l
7 Informal Sector: A health and environment dilemma with opportunires Ø Informal sector hotspots of environmentally unfriendly, UNHEALTHY EXPLOITATIVE prac(ces Source m Ø L a r g e e m p l o y m e n t opportuni(es Ø Lack of government capacity to regulate economy and provide alterna(ve jobs. Ø High- tech solu(ons for capital rich, technically advanced and expensive labour economies AND RISKS INVOLVED
8 Discourage: Processing- based recovery opera(ons Cables burning Informal Sector: Encourage and discourage Inefficient and low profits opera(ons which are hazardous to health and environment Consequence: Cut in profits, improvement of health and environment Source n
9 Encourage Best-of-2-Worlds Approach: Dismantling and pre- processing in developing countries and further recovery and recycling in developed countries for higher efficiencies Providing tools and safety equipment and clothing Skill enhancement, capacity development Source p Concre(ng the workplace Source o Shared mechanised tools for eg. copper extrac(on from cables Consequence: Improved efficiency, less hazardous waste generated, less health and environment hazards, improvement in profits
10 Money MaZers Forming coopera(ves (village or street or families level) Bypassing traders: Striking be8er bargain for circuit boards, recyclables and processable e- waste Monthly one day free labour to the coopera(ve Access to capital (self support, civil society and environmental protec(on organiza(ons) Source q
11 Can the Government help? YES Restric(ons on imports of very old e- products Capacity development Import du(es with posi(ve incen(ve for less hazardous products (Funds going to coopera(ves development and support) Replica(ng or following global guidlines and restric(ons Safe disposal Source r
12 Informal sector hotspots of unhealthy and environmentally unfriendly prac(ces, beyond the government policy influence and reach Promote efficient dismantling, easily accessible material recovery within informal sector Allowing formal/semi formal industry to recover material by processing which is more easy to regulate and influence Forming coopera(ves Conclusions
13 Sources a : Puckett, J. et al., Exporting harm, the high-tech trashing of Asia. The Basel Action Network (BAN) and Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition (SVTC), Seattle, USA b : Green Peace, Report August 2008, Poisoning the poor Electronic waste in Ghana c : d : e : f : g : h : i : j : k : l : m : n : o : %E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E 0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D p : %3AH&biw=1366&bih=599&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAWoVChMIuceawvXexwIVRn8aCh0Js QHQ#imgrc=4ZZJyTqpP q : r :
14 Thank you
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