2013 Allegheny County Birth Fact Sheet 17 MARCH Figure 2: Teen Birth Rates Allegheny County v. Pennsylvania

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1 Rate Per 1,000 Females aged Births per 1,000 Women 2013 Allegheny County Birth Fact Sheet 17 MARCH 2016 Prepared by Emily Landis, Intern University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Supervised by John M. Kokenda, Statistical Analyst, ACHD For 2013, there were 13,291 births in Allegheny County for a crude birth rate of 10.8 per 1,000 population. The general fertility rate was 55.7, meaning that for every 1,000 women aged there were nearly 56 births. Maternal Age Figure 1: Age Specific Birth Rate Birth rates were highest among women aged The age specific birth rate among teenage women aged was 15.8 per 1,000. This continues the downward trend of teenage births in Allegheny County and is the lowest ever recorded Under Age Group Figure 2: Teen Birth Rates Allegheny County v. Pennsylvania Allegheny County Pennsylvania 1

2 Table 1: Crude Birth Rates and General Fertility Rates by Race GRAND WHITE BLACK OTHER HISPANIC* TOTAL Number of Births 9,429 2, ,291 Crude Birth Rate Population 1,001, ,316 65,576 19,070 1,231,527 General Fertility Rate Females ,923 36,751 17,037 4, ,711 *Hispanic is an ethnicity and is included in the white, black and other race categories. Hispanic rates are calculated using the 2010 Decennial Census. All other rates are calculated using the 2013 Population estimates provided by the Pennsylvania State Data Center at Penn State Harrisburg. Crude Rates by Race The crude birth rate was highest for blacks, with 16.3 births per 1,000 population, which was significantly higher than for whites and Hispanics. The general fertility rate was also significantly higher among blacks, with about 73 births per 1,000 women of child bearing age. Figure 3: Percent of Mothers Intending to Breastfeed by Source of Payment 57.0% 81.9% 54.6% Breastfeeding Initiation According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, breastfeeding has many benefits including giving added nutrients and antibodies to newborns, along with aiding in newborn digestion 3. A total of 76.7% of all mothers intended to breastfeed in Allegheny County. Of all women with private insurance, 81.9% intended to breastfeed while 54.6% of women with Medicaid intended to breastfeed. Medicaid Private Insurance Self-pay and Other 2

3 Births by Education and Race There is a large difference in mother s educational attainment between blacks and whites. Births to white mothers with an associate or college degree (68.3%) is more than 2.5 times greater than that for black mothers (25%). Higher levels of mother s education are shown to be associated with better birth outcomes, smoking cessation, and early prenatal care. However, it should be mentioned that the age of the mother plays an important role in mother s educational attainment. The median age at birth for black mothers (25.0 years) is more than five years younger than that for white mothers (30.5) years. 80% Figure 4: Percent of Births by Mother's Education and Race 70% 68.3% 60% 50% 47.0% 40% 36.8% 30% 20% 17.0% 14.9% 23.3% 20.5% 14.1% 13.9% 15.5% 25.0% 10% 0% 3.7% Less than High School Graduate High School graduate or GED Some College Associate or College Degree White Black Hispanic* *Hispanic is an ethnicity and is included in the white, black and other race categories. 3

4 Percent Percent 2013 Allegheny County Birth Fact Sheet 17 MARCH 2016 Birthweight Most births for 2013 were within the normal birthweight range. 8.3% of all births were considered low birthweight. Low birthweight is categorized as a 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% child weighing under 2,500 grams. About 14% 30% 20% 13.5% of low birthweight births were among black mothers. The highest percent of low birthweight babies 10% 0% 7.0% were born to mothers aged 45 years of age and older. Figure 5: Birthweight by Race of Mother 83.2% 82.3% 9.6% 3.9% Low Birthweight Normal Birthweight High Birthweight White Black Birthweight Category 30.0% Figure 6: Low Birthweight by Age Group 25.0% 24.2% 20.0% 15.0% 12.8% 10.0% 10.1% 9.8% 8.2% 7.0% 8.2% 5.0% 0.0% 19 and Under Age Group 4

5 Percent 2013 Allegheny County Birth Fact Sheet 17 MARCH 2016 Trimester of Care Prenatal care is important for pregnant mothers to ensure they are receiving the proper nutrients and so health care providers can determine if there are any factors that may put the health of the baby or mother at risk 1. Nearly 89% of all mothers in Allegheny County received prenatal care in the first trimester, with only 0.4% of mothers receiving no prenatal care. Whites have the highest percentage of mothers receiving early care, while Hispanics have the highest percentage of mothers receiving late care. The percentage of early care received was highest for older mothers, with the greatest percentage receiving first trimester prenatal care was in the age group. Black mothers have the highest percentage among those mothers not receiving prenatal care. 100% 90% Figure 7: Percent of Trimester Began by Mother's Race 89.5% 86.7% 84.7% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 8.5% 9.8% 10.4% 0.3% 0.7% 1.7% 2.8% 4.4% 0.4% No Prenatal Care First Trimester Second Trimester Third Trimester White Black Hispanic* Trimester of Care *Hispanic is an ethnicity and is included in the white, black and other race categories. 5

6 Percent 2013 Allegheny County Birth Fact Sheet 17 MARCH % 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 36.5% Figure 8: Percent of Mothers Who Smoked During Pregnancy by Age Group and Race 8.7% 31.4% 15.8% 13.4% 21.7% 18.6% 7.4% 6.7% 24.0% 8.5% 19 and under White Black 13.6% Reported Smoking Smoking during pregnancy has been shown to lead to increased problems during pregnancy including low birth weight and preterm birth. Overall, 12.7% of mothers smoked at least one cigarette at some point during pregnancy. There were 12.6% of white mothers who smoked at some point during pregnancy and 17.5% of black mothers who smoked at some point during pregnancy. One of the Healthy People 2020 targets is to increase smoking cessation during pregnancy to 30% 2. Smoking cessation rates denote women who reported smoking three months prior to becoming pregnant and did not report smoking in any trimester. In Allegheny County, approximately 15.2% of mothers stopped smoking during their pregnancy. There is a strong relationship between mother s education and smoking cessation during pregnancy. 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 9: Percent Maternal Smoking Cessation by Education 5.3% Less than High School Graduate 9.8% High School Graduate 19.3% 16.9% Some College Associate Degree Educational Attainment 37.3% Bachelor's Degree 66.7% Master's Degree 100.0% Doctorate or Professional Training 6

7 Table 2: Most Popular Names in Most Popular Girls' Names Count Olivia 86 Ava 74 Emma* 62 Sophia* 62 Isabella 51 Avery 43 Emily* 41 Gianna* 41 Grace 40 Amelia* 39 Mia* 39 *denotes a tie Most Popular Boys' Names Count Liam 78 William 68 Andrew 65 Jackson 62 Michael 62 Alexander 60 Jacob 60 Mason 59 Logan 58 James 54 Noah 54 REFERENCES 1. "Prenatal Care." Child Health USA US Department of Health and Human Services, Web. 10 Mar < 2. "TU-6 Increase Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy." Healthy People.gov. US Department of Health and Human Services, Web. 10 Mar < 3. "Office on Women's Health Why Breastfeeding Is Important." Office on Women's Health. US Department of Health and Human Services, 21 July Web. 10 Mar < 7

8 TECHNICAL NOTES A. SOURCES OF DATA BIRTH RECORDS In Pennsylvania, the registration of birth records is the responsibility of the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Information contained on these records is shared with the Allegheny County Health Department through a cooperative agreement which requires the following disclaimer: "These data were supplied by the State Health Data Center, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Department of Health specifically disclaims responsibility for any analyses, interpretations or conclusions." In 20003, the Pennsylvania birth certificate was revised and new data items were also included. Among the newly revised items was prenatal care visits. In previous years this information was self-reported, but in 2003, this item was replaced by the exact dates of first and last prenatal care visit. Therefore, the time between the last normal menses date and the date of first prenatal care visit, is used to determine when prenatal care began. In 2012, due to a large number of unknown dates of last menses, the first day of last menses is estimated to be the date of birth minus the estimate of weeks of gestation when the date of last menses is unknown. The Bureau of Assessment Statistics & Epidemiology of the Allegheny County Health Department reviews each birth record to verify residency. Each address that cannot be matched to XY coordinates is investigated manually and the correct census tract is applied. Where investigation cannot determine a valid address the record is tracted as unknown City of Pittsburgh or unknown Allegheny County. POPULATION DATA For Allegheny County, rates have been calculated using the 2013 Population estimates provided by the Pennsylvania State Data Center at Penn State Harrisburg. Hispanic rates are calculated using the 2010 United States Decennial Census. 8

9 B. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS LIVE BIRTH - According to Pennsylvania law, is the expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the period of gestation, which shows any evidence of life at any moment after such expulsion or extraction. BIRTHWEIGHT - The first weight of the newborn obtained after birth. This weight should be measured preferably within the first hour of delivery before significant postnatal weight loss has occurred. LOW BIRTHWEIGHT - A birthweight under 2500 grams. VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT - A birthweight under 1500 grams. NORMAL BIRTHWEIGHT - A birthweight between 2500 and 3999 grams. HIGH BIRTHWEIGHT - A birthweight of 4000 grams and higher. RACE - All data in this report are based on race of mother, rather than race of child. This change was recommended by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and was to be implemented by the nation and all states beginning with reports involving 1989 data. Race of mother is determined from mother s single race as reported on the birth certificate. HISPANIC - Hispanic is an ethnicity and is included in the white, black and other race categories. C. RATES Rates are used to help make meaningful comparisons between different groups, places, and times. They also provide a frame of reference for measuring the volume of certain events. Rates are calculated by relating the actual count of an event to the population at risk. In doing so, the count is translated from an absolute measure into a relative measure that is more readily compared. Hispanic rates are calculated using the 2010 Decennial Census. All other rates are calculated using the 2013 Population estimates provided by the Pennsylvania State Data Center at Penn State Harrisburg. 9

10 D. FORMULAS CRUDE BIRTH RATE = No. of resident live births x 1000 Total resident population (mid-year) No. of resident live births to AGE SPECIFIC BIRTH RATE = mothers in a specific age group x 1000 Total female population in specific age group (mid-year) GENERAL FERTILITY RATE = No. of resident live births x 1000 Resident female population ages