GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF LETTERS

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1 GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF LETTERS THE EQUIVALENCE OF ENGLISH OBJECTIVE PERSONAL PRONOUNS INTO INDONESIAN IN MARK TWAIN S THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBBERY FINN Written by: Name : Nugroho Adibrata NPM : Advisor 1 : Drs. Hendro Firmawan, MMSI Advisor 2 : Hawasi, S.S, S.Hum., M.A. An Undergraduate Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Letters As a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Undergraduate Degree in English Literature JAKARTA 2010

2 ABSTRACT Nugroho Adibrata The Equivalence of English Objective Personal Pronouns into Indonesian in Mark Twain s the Adventures of Hucklebbery Finn. Skripsi. English Department. Faculty of Letters. Gunadarama University. Advisor: (1) Drs. Hendro Firmawan, MMSI; (2) Hawasi, S.S, S.Hum., M.A. In this thesis the writer wants to find out the Equivalence of English Objective Personal Pronouns into Indonesian. English Objective Personal Pronouns are (-me, - you, -us, -them, -her, -him, and -it). The aim of study in this thesis is to find out the Equivalence of English Objective Personal Pronouns into Indonesian (TL). The writer used qualitative descriptive in conducted in this research. In presenting the data, the writer used quantitative method. The result of this research is English Objective Personal Pronouns me is translated into -ku, aku, and saya. The most frequently singular English objective personal pronouns me is ku that is 33.3% or 5 words out of 14 words. English Objective Singular Personal Pronouns you is translated into -mu, anda, kamu, and baginda. The most frequently singular English objective personal pronouns you is mu that is 57.1% or 8 words out of 14 words. English Objective Plural Personal Pronouns you is translated into kalian. There is only one data found in English plural objective Personal Pronouns you is translated into kalian that is 100% or 5 words. English Objective Personal Pronouns us is translated into kita, and kami. The most frequently plural English objective personal pronouns us is kita that is 63.6% or 7 words out of 11 words. English Objective Personal Pronouns them is translated into mereka, mereka berdua, makanan itu, jin-jin itu, hujan, binatang itu, and barang-barang itu. The most frequently plural English objective personal pronouns them is mereka that is 42.8% or 6 words out of 14 words. English Objective Personal Pronouns her is translated into -nya, dia, mereka, kapal uap, rakit ini, wanita itu, and bibi. The most frequently singular English objective personal pronouns her is nya that is 33.3% or 4 words out of 12 words. English Objective Personal Pronoun him is translated into -nya, dia, pembantu, ayah, and orang itu. The most frequently singular English objective personal pronouns him is nya that is 50% or 9 words out of 18 words. English Objective Personal Pronouns it is translated into -nya, itu, hal tersebut, ini, and tangan itu. The most frequently singular English objective personal pronouns it is nya that is 45% or 5 words out of 11 words. But not all English Objective Personal Pronouns are translated.

3 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Research Justification of the Research Translation is the process of understanding language from a source language to a target language. Translation becomes very important to study in order to translate the foreign language to target the language correctly. In translation, we must maintain the terms of style language. We know, the process of translating a text, in translating, we will find many problems. One of the problems in translation is the difference in grammatical structures between source language and target language, such as how to translate English personal pronouns in object position into Indonesian. Therefore, the writer is interested in conducting a research on this problem, because the writer has found many people confused in how to translate English object personal pronouns into Indonesian position correctly. This research is very important because in English personal pronouns in objective position has many meanings of when it is translated. The writer wishes the result of this research can be useful for people. In the research the writer takes the data from Mark Twain s novel entitled THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN as the source language (SL) and PETUALANGAN HUCKLEBERRY FINN in Indonesian version, as the target language (TL). In conducting the research the writer has analyzed the data from English personal pronouns in object position correctly. The title of this research is The Equivalence of English Objective Personal Pronouns into Indonesian in Mark Twain s the Adventures of Hucklebbery Finn Previous Research 1. Aditya Wibisono (2009) He wrote about THE TRANSLATION OF IMPLICIT REFERENTAL MEANING OF ENGLISH PERSONAL PRONOUNS INTO INDONESIAN: A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS. He analyzed how implicit referential of English personal pronouns into Indonesian, in Torey Hayden s novel entitled Gosh Girl and its translation Jadied; Tangisan Tanpa Suara by Listiana Srisanti. The analysis of this thesis shows that it is essential in making adjustments in translating

4 sentences with implicit referential meanings. 2. Indriani (2005) She wrote about THE SHIFT IN THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN PERSONAL PRONOUN. She analyzed the shift occurred in the English translation of Indonesian personal pronoun. The analysis is focused in the unit-shift in the form of word of personal pronouns structure in word order Position of the Research The first previous research discusses about how implicit referential is analyze the translation of implicit referential meaning of English personal pronouns into Indonesian that found in Torey Hayden s novel entitled Gosh Girl and its translation Jadied; Tangisan Tanpa Suara by Listiana Srisanti. The second previous research is about shifting in English translation of Indonesian personal pronoun. The analysis is focused on the unit-shift in the form of word of personal pronouns and structure word order. 1.2 Problem Identification The writer would focus on analyzing how English personal pronoun in object position translated based on (-me, -you, -us, -them, -her, - him, and -it) because the writer founds many people are still confused to translate object personal pronouns into position Indonesian. 1.3 Problem Formulation For analysis, the writer focused on the question, what is the Equivalence of English Objective Personal Pronouns from English into Indonesian? 1.4 Aim of the Research The writer tried to find out the Equivalence of English Objective Personal Pronouns from English into Indonesian. 1.5 Scope of the Problem In this thesis, the writer only conducts the study of finding out the English personal pronouns in object position translated into Indonesian in Mark Twain s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. I.6 Significant of the Research The writer hopes that this research could improve the knowledge of translation of the English personal pronoun object position into Indonesian. Therefore, this research is very important because in English personal pronoun in objective position has many meanings of when it is translation.

5 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW 2.2 The Definition of Equivalent In Collins Cobuild English Dictionary (1991: 475), is stated that equivalent as having the same use, function, size, or values as something else. And equivalence is the noun form of equivalent. Based on the theories mentioned, we can conclude that equivalent is something that has same function or importance Characteristic of Equivalence Based on Longman (1992: 199) characteristic means a special and easily recognized of someone or something, it also means on attribute good planning is one of the characteristics of a successful business Type of Equivalence 1. Formal Equivalence Formal equivalence focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content; one is concerned that the message in the receptor language should match as closely as the different elements in the source language. 2. Dynamic Equivalence The meaning and style of the receptor language text faithfully reproduces that of its source, and then the effect it has upon its readers should be similar to that of its source. 2.4 English Pronoun Definition of English Pronoun Longman Dictionary of Grammar and Usage (1999: ) mentions that a pronoun is a word is that is used in the place of noun phrase. Generally, when noun or noun phrase has been used once, a pronoun is used to avoid repetition of the same noun or noun phrase. 1) Objective Personal Pronoun An objective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as an object of a verb, compound verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase. The objective pronouns are: me, you, us, them, her, him, and it. In the following sentences, each of the highlighted words is an objective personal pronoun: a. Deborah and Roberts will meet us at the newest café in the market Function of Pronoun According Patricia K. Werner and John P. Nelson (1996: 61) divided the functions of pronoun as follows: a. Singular pronouns are used to refer to singular nouns.

6 b. Plural pronouns are used to refer to plural nouns. c. Subject pronouns are used as complements of linking verbs. d. Object pronouns are used as direct or indirect objects of verbs and as objects of preposition. e. Possessive Adjective (her, my) are used with body parts. 2.5 Indonesian Pronoun Definition of Indonesian Pronoun Harimukti Kridalakasana (2003: 249) defines pronouns as words that function is replacing noun. The noun which replaced is called as antecedent. Antecedent can be inside of even outside the sentence (1994:76). Meanwhile, Hasan Alwi, et. al. Mentions the definition of pronouns as words used referring to other nouns. Positions of types of Indonesian personal pronouns in sentence are: a) As a subject of sentence. Its role in sentence as a doer. Example: Mereka sedang belajar matematika sekarang. b) As an object of a sentence. Its role in sentence is a underdoer. Example: Ibu segera memanggilnya. c) As a complement (it follows preposition in prepositional pharse) in a sentence. Its role in sentence is a beneficiary of the action. Example: Ayah membelikan buku untuk saya tadi pagi. d) As an adverb, it has the most various syntactic function and the easiest to move. The constituent of the adjunct can be in the form of noun phrase, preposition phrase or adverb phrase. Example: Santi sudah menelepon sebelum dia menerima telegram dari desa Indonesian First Personal are: 1. aku or ku is used to show intimate relationship. It is common form in written literature. It is a more informal form and can be used when speaking amongst friends of to children. 2. saya is more formal version than aku. It is used when talking to other people older than us. It is also can be used when talking to strangers or those to when you are showing respect. While in English we is used regardless of who we is referring to, in Indonesian we

7 can either be inclusive or exclusive. They are: 1) The inclusive we, kita is used when we is meant to mean the person speaking as well as the person hearing what is being spoken. Kita can also be used as an inclusive pronoun to mean us or our. 2) The exclusive we, kami, is used when the expression of we does not include the listener and only pertains to the speaker. Kami can also be used as an exclusive pronoun to mean us or our. For the ownership or preposition relations, the form is still the same: rumah kami, masalah kita, kepada kami, untuk kita Second Person Second personal pronouns have some form, namely: engkau, kamu, Anda, dikau, kau- and mu. The following are usage rules. a. Second personal engkau, kamu, and mu are used by: 1) Old people to younger people who have known well and long, as in the following example: a. Kamu sudah bekerja, kan? 2) The higher social status, as in the following example: a. Apakah hasil rapat kemarin sudah kamu ketik, Lisa? 3) People who have intimate relationship without regard to age of social status. a. Kapan kerbaumu akan kamu carikan rumput? Second personal person Anda is intended to neutralize the relationship, such as a word you in English. Although it has been wicely used, the structure and social values of our culture still restrict to use personal pronouns. Personal pronoun you is used: a. 1) In a realtionship that does not personally so that Anda is not directed as one specific person. a. Face to face in the relationship, but the speaker did not want to be too formal or too familiar. a. c. As well with daku, dikau is also used in a variety of spesific language, especially literate, even in the literature that was rarely used anymore.

8 a. The second personal has a plural. There are two kinds of plural: (1) kalian and (2) sekalian: Anda sekalian or kamu sekalian. Although kalian not bound on social etiquitte, young people or lower social status people generally do not use that form to old people or their leader, but conversely, the old people and the leader can use that form. kamu sekalian or Anda sekalian usage is same as with use for basic pronoun, kamu and Anda, expect with an additional sense plurality. The second person which has bound variation is just engkau and kamu. The bound forms are kau- and mu. The examples are: a. Adik kamu di mana sekarang? b. Pertanyaan Anda tidak masuk akal. c. Adikmu di mana sekarang? Third Person There are two kinds of third personal singular: (1) ia, dia or nya, (2) beliau. Although ia is many things working together, there are certain constraints that are owned by their respective. In the position as the subject or front of verb, ia and dia both can use. But if they were function as object, or located on the right from that described, only the form dia and nya that appear. Similiarity, in relation with preposition, dia and nya can be used and nya cannot be used. For examples: a. Dia/ia setuju dengan pendapat kami b. Buku itu sudah dibacanya minggu lalu Third personal pronoun singular beliau is clarifying respecfull. Otherwise, beliau is used by old people or social status that is higher. For examples: a. Menteri baru saja menelepon dan mengatakan bahwa beliau tidak dapat hadir. Third person plural is mereka. In general, mereka are only used for the human being. Plural object or concept is expressed in multiple other ways for example by repeating the noun or by changing the syntax. For examples: a. Teman-teman akan datang. Mereka akan membawa makanannya sendiri. However, in fiction or other narrative fiction style, mereka are sometimes also referring to animals or objects that are considered alive. For examples:

9 a. Sejak dulu anjing dan kucing selalu bermusuhan. Tiap kali bertemu mereka berkelahi. Generally, mereka is used only to indicate human, while for plural concepts or nouns, the form used is usually reduplication. For examples: a. Saya mengucapkan selamat ulang tahun kepada Karina dan Negeste. Mereka berulang tahun kemarin Guide Pronouns General guideline pronouns are ini, itu, and anu. The word ini refers to a reference which closes to the speaker/writer, to the future, or to the information that will be conveyed. The word itu refers to a reference which not far from the speaker/writer, to the past, or to the information which already submitted. The word anu refers to a reference that can not be mentioned (because of forgot or not remember), or because they do not want to be mentioned. Guideline pronouns can be independent as utterly nouns modifiers that will explain another noun. As nouns, guideline pronouns can have a function as subject or object of a sentence, and even a sentence have nouns predicate, it can also serve as predicate. Observe the following examples: 1. Ini/itu rumah saya. 2. Ini/itu/anu yang menyebabkan penyakit kulit. Attributive pronouns are placed after described words or phrases. The primary function of that usage is to cover phrase construction of a particular function of the sentence. Therefore, if the phrase gets other information, then ini/itu always at the back and at the right end. If that happens, usually appears the word yang. Example: 3. Pohon ini/itu ditanam oleh Reinwardt. 4. Pohon tinggi ini/itu ditanam oleh Reinwardt. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design In this research, the writer used descriptive qualitative method. Descriptive method is done by describing in the fact then follows with the further analysis. Descriptive research is thus a type of research that is primarily concern with describing the nature or conditions and degree in detail of present situation (Landman, 1988:59). Meanwhile qualitative method means that all data that are analyzed are in the form of sentences and words,

10 not in the form of number (Wilkinson, 2000:7). Therefore, based on explanation above descriptive qualitative research is a method used by describing the fact with further analysis and also by giving explanation. The data used in this method are in the form of sentence and word, not in form of number. The researcher used this method of the data that are discussed in this research and the resulting data are presented in the form of description. In presenting the data, the writer used quantitative method. Quantitative research is concerned with presenting findings in a numerical form (Wilkinson, 2000: 7). Quantitative data are those types of data that can usually be reduce to numerical form. The analysis of these data types involves manipulating them in some way and/or applying some form of statistical test (Wilkinson, 2000: 81). 3.2 Source of Research The source of data of this research is taken from Mark Twain s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Indonesian version Petualangan Huckleberry Finn translated by Djokolelono. The form of the data of this research is translation from the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn into Petualangan Huckleberry Finn. 3.3 Data Collection Procedure The procedures of data collection are: 1. The writer identifies Personal Pronouns in Object position by reading the English version novel: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 2. The writer identifies Personal Pronouns in Object position by reading the Indonesian version novel: Petualangan Huckleberry Finn. 3. The writer collects the data that show how English Personal Pronouns in Object position usually translated into Indonesian. 4. The writer classified data are classified again according to its translation. 5. The writer describes and explains the data. 6. The writer draws a conclusion. 3.4 Data Analysis Data Reduction 1. Editing English personal pronouns in object position that are found from the list are edited to

11 simplify the sentences. So, only the point that will be discussed is written. 2. Categorizing After reading, identifies, collects, classifies, describes, and explains the data, the researcher makes the categories of personal pronoun into two categories, such as: 1. The writer classifies the data to the equivalence of Singular form. 2. The writer classifies the data to the equivalence of Plural form Presenting Data 1. In the research the data will be presented in tables, according to their categories. The first category is the occurrence of the singular objective me. The second category is the occurrence of the singular objective you. The third category is the occurrence of the singular objective her. The fourth category is the occurrence of the singular objective him. The fifth category is the occurrence of the singular objective it. The sixth category is the occurrence of the plural objective you. The seventh category is the occurrence of the plural objective us. The eighth category is the occurrence of the singular objective them. 2. The researcher put the analysis under the quotation Interpreting Data 1. In analyzing, the researcher only takes some of the data from each category. 2. The data in the table are discussed to see the references and translation whether the meaning which have been transferred correctly without causing any ambiguity in terms of meaning of English Object personal pronouns into Indonesian personal pronouns position.

12 CHAPTER IV RESULT OF STUDY AND DISCUSSION RRY p. 31) kau tahu kan, segala sesuatu bisa saja terjadi. (HUCKLEBERR Y p. 87) 4.1 The Equivalent of English Objective Personal Pronoun (Singular) The Equivalent of English Objective Personal Pronoun me = aku. Four data of English objective personal Pronoun me in the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were translated into aku. The writer took two objective pronouns me sentences, for examples: N o SL and fetched it home and got drunks and had a good time, and licked me. (HUCKLEBE RRY p. 24) it would be a certainer thing than trusting to luck to get far enough off before they missed me; you see, all kinds of things might happen. (HUCKLEBE TL dan membawanya ke rumah, mabuk dan bersenangsenang, lalu memukuli aku. (HUCKLEBERR Y p. 72) hal tersebut akan menjadi sesuatu yang lebih meyakinkan daripada mempercayai keberuntungan untuk berada jauh sebelum mereka kehilangan aku; Object me in sentence number 6 is translated into aku. Conversation number 6 happened between Huck and his father because he always beaten him when his father drunk. Similar to sentence number 6, me in sentence number 7 also translated into aku. Indonesian has the first singular personal pronoun such saya, aku, ku-, and -ku. The object personal pronoun me is allowed because has such pattern which enables first singular personal pronoun in position as an object and translated into aku. In this situation is informal and demonstrate more familiarity between the speaker/ writer and listener/ reader. Object pronouns aku often found in stories, poems, and daily conversation. This explanation supported by Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia which is transcribed by Anton M. Moeliono, saya is form of a formal and commonly used in writing or formal speaking. For formal writing on nonfiction books and speaking such as speech, saya form can be used. First personal aku more widely used in inner speech, in informal situations and

13 demonstrate more familiarity between the speaker/writer and listener/reader. Therefore, these forms are often found in stories, poems, and daily conversation. First personal daku is generally used in literature. Bound form ku-, it is very different usage with ku. First, ku- used on the word that behind. Second, word lies behind ku is a verb. In poem, ku- sometimes used as free form The Equivalent of English Objective Personal Pronoun you = Baginda. One data of English objective personal pronoun you in the novel The Huckleberry Finn were translated by Baginda. The writer took one objective pronouns you sentence, for example: N o. 16. SL I hain t been a-near your room since Miss Mary Jane took you and the duke and showed it to you. (HUCKLEBE RRY p. 177) TL Saya tidak berada di dekat kamar baginda sejak Nona Mary Jane membawa Anda dan Duke dan menunjukkanny a kepada Baginda. (HUCKLEBER RY p. 353) In sentence number 54 above, you is transalated into noun Baginda. In this sentence describes a conversation between lord and his servant. That is why in this sentence the translator translated you into Baginda. Indonesian has third singular personal pronoun such as ia, dia, or nya, and beliau. In this situation is formal. Because you refer to Baginda, it is clarifying respectfull. Otherwise, Baginda is used by old people or social status that is higher. And in order to give the reader a clear meaning of the sentence. This explanation supported by Tata Bahasa Indonesia which is transcribed by Dr. Gorys Keraf, second personal singular is used: paduka, tuan, Yang Mulia, Paduka Yang Mulia, saudara, ibu, bapak, and others. This all used to declare that the person we are facing much higher position than us The Equivalent of English Objective Personal Pronoun her = bibi. One data of English objective pronoun her in the novel The adventures of Huckleberry Finn were translated into Indonesian by bibi. The writer took one objective pronoun her sentence, for example: No. SL TL

14 28. and the rats was doing what they could to keep off the dull times for her. (HUCKLEBE RRY p. 254) dan tikustikus itu melakukan apa yang mereka bisa untuk menyibukkan bibi. (HUCKLEBER RY p. 494) According the data number 28 above, her is translated by noun bibi. Indonesian does not have such third personal pronoun as English which has specification of male and female so from the given context, the object personal pronoun her meaning of a female person and meaning of a name. In this sentence her translated into bibi in order to give the reader a clear meaning of the sentence. This explanation supported by Tata Bahasa Indonesia which is transcribed by Dr. Gorys Keraf, second personal singular is used: paduka, tuan, Yang Mulia, Paduka Yang Mulia, saudara, ibu, bapak, and others. This all used to declare that the person we are facing much higher position than us The Equivalent of English Objective Personal Pronoun him = pembantu. One data of English objective pronoun him in the novel The adventures of Huckleberry Finn were translated into Indonesian by pembantu. The writer took one objective pronouns him sentence, for example: No. SL TL 35. When he got out the new judge said he was a-going to make a man of him. (HUCKLE BERRY p. 22) Ketika ayah keluar dari penjara, hakim baru itu berkata bahwa ia akan mengambil ayah sebagai pembantu. (HUCKLEBE RRY p ) According to the data number 35, him is translated into noun pembantu. Indonesian does not have such third personal pronouns as English that has specification of male and female so from the given context, the personal pronoun him of a male person and has meaning of a name. The translation of him translated into pembantu to make intended reference and the translation clear, understandable, and avoid vagueness of meaning The Equivalent of English Objective Personal Pronoun it = itu. One data of English objective personal pronoun it in the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were translated into itu. The English

15 Objective Personal Pronoun it is mostly translated into itu. The writer took one Objective Pronoun it sentence, for example: No. SL TL 44. But Tom wanted to resk it; so we slid in there and got there candles, and Tom laid five cents on the table for pay. (HUCKLEBE RRY p. 7) Tapi Tom mau mengambil risiko itu; maka kami masuk ke dalam dan mengambil tiga batang lilin, dan Tom meninggalkan lima sen di atas meja sebagai gantinya. (HUCKLEBER RY p. 40) According to the data number 40, it is translated into Indonesian noun itu. In this sentence it translated into itu in order to show of the things, fact or object to give the reader a clear meaning of that sentence. 4.2 The Equivalent of English Objective Personal Pronoun (Plural) The Equivalent of English Objective Personal Pronoun you = kalian Five data of English objective personal pronoun you in the novel The Huckleberry Finn were translated into kalian. The writer took three objective pronouns you sentences, for examples: No. SL TL Now leave and take your half-a-man with you (HUCKLEBE RRY p. 142) Come along, Hines; come along, the rest of you. (HUCKLEBE RRY p. 190) I will reveal it to you, for I feel I may have confidence in you. By rights I am a duke! (HUCKLEBE RRY p. 119) Sekarang pergilah dan bawalah sifat setengah lelaki kalian, (HUCKLEBER RY p. 291) Kemarilah Hines; kemarilah kalian semua. (HUCKLEBER RY p. 377) aku akan membukanya untuk kalian, karena kupikir aku percaya kalian. Secara hukum aku adalah seorang putra mahkota! (HUCKLEBER RY p. 250) According to the translation results above number 50, you is translated into kalian. Similar to sentence number 50, in sentence number 51 and 52, it is also translated into kalian. This explanation supported by Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia which is transcribed by Anton M. Moeliono, the second personal has a plural. There are two kinds of plural: (1) kalian. Although kalian not bound on social

16 etiquette, young people or lower social status people generally do not use that form to old people or their leader, but conversely, the old people and the leader can use that form The Equivalent of English Objective Personal Pronoun us = kami. Four data of English objective personal pronoun pronoun us in the novel The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn were translated into Indonesia in the form of Indonesian with kami. The English objective personal pronoun us is often translated into kami. The writer took two objective pronouns us sentences, for examples: No. SL TL the way pap would do, for that might set people after us. (HUCKLEB ERRY p. 91) I liked all that family, dead ones and all, and warn t going to let anything come between us. (HUCKLEB ERRY p. 101) seperti yang Ayah lakukan, karena hal itu akan merepotkan orang-orang di belakang kami. (HUCKLEBER RY p. 199) Aku menyukai semua anggota keluarga ini, baik yang sudah mati maupun yang masih hidup, dan tidak akan membiarkan apapun memisahkan kami. (HUCKLEBER RY p. 217) In sentence number 58 above, us is translated into kami. Similar with sentence number 58, number 59 also translated into Indonesian objective personal pronoun kami. Because in this sentence us refers to object or a group of people of which postion comes after pronoun. This explanation supported by Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia which is transcribed by Anton M. Moeliono, kami is an enclusive plural pronoun. This means when the pronoun is used, it includes those who are in the side of the speaker or writer. As the opposite, Kita is an inclusive plural pronouns, it means when pronoun is used, it includes both the people from the listener s or reader s side and the people form the speaker or writer s side, kami and kita can be used to show possessions when they repalce after noun and also can be used after noun and also can be the object of the preposition when they are placed after preposition The Equivalent of English Objective Personal Pronoun them = makanan itu.

17 One data of English objective personal pronoun them in the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were translated by makanan itu. The writer took one objective pronoun sentence, for example: No. SL TL 64. but you had to wait for the widow to tuck down her head and grumble a little over the victulas, though there warn t really anything the matter with them (HUCKLEB ERRY p. 3-4) kau harus menunggu janda itu menganggukkan kepalanya lalu sedikit mengomel tentang makanan itu; (HUCKLEBERR Y p ) According to the data number 64 above, them is translated into noun makanan itu. In this sentence them refers to makanan itu. Generally, mereka is used only to indicate human, while for plural concepts or nouns, the form used is usually reduplication. That is why in this sentence the translator translated them into makanan itu, because makanan is not a human. According to Hasan Alwi, Soejono Dardjowidjojo, Hans Lapowila, Anton M. Moeliono (2003: ) Indonesian third personal pronoun are ia, dia, -nya and beliau (for singular) and mereka (for plural). In Indonesian, the singular pronouns are used to indicate both male and female. Generally, mereka is used only to indicate human, while for plural concepts or nouns, the form used is usually reduplication. CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion This is some conclusions of the result of research and discussion in the chapter 4 that can be seen as follows: 1. English Objective Personal Pronoun me is translated into - ku, aku, and saya. The most frequently singular English objective personal pronoun me is ku that is 33.3% or 5 words out of 14 words. 2. English Objective Personal Pronoun you is translated into - mu, anda, kamu, Baginda. The most frequently singular English objective personal pronoun you is mu that is 57.1% or 8 words out of 14

18 words. 3. English Objective Personal Pronoun her is translated into - nya, dia, mereka, kapal uap, rakit ini, wanita itu, and bibi. The most frequently singular English objective personal pronoun her is nya that is 33.3% or 4 words out of 12 words. 4. English Objective Personal Pronoun him is translated into - nya, dia, pembantu, ayah, and orang itu. The most frequently singular English objective personal pronoun him is nya that is 50% or 9 words out of 18 words. 5. English Objective Personal Pronoun it is translated into - nya, itu, hal tersebut, ini, and tangan itu. The most frequently singular English objective personal pronoun it is nya that is 45% or 5 words out of 11 words. 6. English Objective Personal Pronoun you is translated into kalian. There is only one data found in English plural objective Personal Pronoun you is translated into kalian that is 100% or 5 words. 7. English Objective Personal Pronoun us is translated into kita, and kami. The most frequently plural English objective personal pronoun us is kita that is 63.6% or 7 words out of 11 words. 8. English Objective Pronoun Personal them is translated into mereka, mereka berdua, makanan itu, jin-jin itu, hujan, binatang itu, and barangbarang itu. The most frequently plural English objective personal pronoun them is mereka that is 42.8% or 6 words out of 14 words. 9. And the last, all English Objective Personal Pronoun are sometimes not translated. 5.2 Suggestion In this research the writer only focus to analysis about The Equivalent of English Personal Pronoun in Object position from English (SL) into Indonesian (TL). And the writer hopes, the next researcher can analyze different topic with more interesting analysis and be focus to it.

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20 Wilkinson, David The Researcher s Toolkit: The Complete Guide to Practitioner Research. N ew York: Routledge Falmer.