DAMAGE ASSESSMENT REPORT

Transcription

1 O F F I C E O F D I S A S T E R P R E P A R E D N E S S A N D E M E R G E N C Y M A N A G E M E N T DAMAGE ASSESSMENT REPORT OCTOBER 29 NOVEMBER 5, 2001 RAINS PREPARED BY: THE MITIGATION PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION OFFICE OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT November

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Aims and Objectives 1.3 Methodology 2.0 RAINFALL DATA 3.0 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICES 3.1 Profiles of the affected parishes Portland St. Mary St. Ann St. Catherine 4.0 TYPES OF HAZARDS AND AREAS AFFECTED 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Factors that caused flooding 4.3 Factors that caused landslides 5.0 ECONOMIC IMPACT 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 Landslides 6.2 Flooding 6.3 Vulnerability and Risk Assessment 6.4 Siting of developments 7.0 CONCLUSION 8.0 REFERENCES 9.0 SITE INVESTIGATIONS APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 REPORT WATER RESOURCES AUTHORITY 1998 FLOOD REPORT APPENDIX 2 - CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS NEPA OCT. NOV. FLOOD REPORT 2001 APPENDIX 3 REPORT NATIONAL WORKS AGENCY APPENDIX 4 REPORT FROM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION APPENDIX 5 REPORT HEALTH SECTOR NEEDS ASSESSMENT LIST OF TABLES TABLE :1 PRELIMINARY RAINFALL REPORT FOR OCT TH 2001 TABLE :2 30 YEAR ( ) MEAN PARISH RAINFAL MM TABLE :3 SHOWING AGRICULTURE LOSSES FROM OCT. NOV RAINS TABLE :4 SHOWING COST TO REHABILITATE ROADS TABLE :5 SUMMARY OF INFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATION COSTS TABLE :6 NWC DAMAGE TO FACILITIES OCT. 29 NOV. 5 TH RAINS 2001 TABLE :7 C AND W PLANT AFFECTED BY FLOOD RAINS TABLE :8 ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH HURRICANE MICHELLE TABLE :9 SHOWING SCHOOLS TYPE OF DAMAGE AND LOSSES OCT. NOV RAINS TABLE :10 SUMMARY OF WELFARE TABLE :11 SUMMARY OF DAMAGE LOSSES TO SECTORS 2

3 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE :1 CROP LOSSES TO AGRICULTURE SECTOR FIGURE :2 LIVESTOCK ANALYSIS FIGURE :3 FARMERS AFFECTED FIGURE :4 COST TO REHABILITATE ROADS FIGURE :5 SUMMARY OF INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE FIGURE :6 BAR GRAPH SHOWING TYPES OF SCHOOLS AFFECTED FIGURE :7 TYPE OF DAMAGE AND COST FIGURE :8 TOTAL DAMAGE COSTS OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES BY PARISH AFFECTED FIGURE :9 PIE CHART SHOWING LOSSES TO SECTORS 3

4 1.0 BACKGROUND Jamaica s rainfall is derived from several weather phenomenon. The major rainy period is during the hurricane season that starts from June 1 st to November 30 th. Heavy rains also occur during the months November to April and are due to cold frontal systems that descend from the north. Over the period October 29 th to November 5 th heavy 1 and at times violent rainfall impacted Jamaica mainly the Northeastern parishes. The heavy rainfall during this period was as result of the development of Hurricane Michelle. The report from the Meteorological Office indicates that the majority of the most intense rainfall across the parishes occurred in the early developmental stages of the Hurricane and not during its general northward track as it passed west of the island. Agriculture and road/bridge infrastructures were damaged or destroyed in most parishes. Portland and St. Mary were reported as the parishes that were worst affected with preliminary estimated flood damage loss of $2,229,298, J Dollars. Several families were evacuated due to flooding for example, in the Bybrook community in Portland, and two persons were reported dead. 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this report is to focus on the damage caused by landslides and floods from the rains of October 29 th - to November 5 th 2001, in several north- northwestern communities, these parishes are: Portland St. Mary Trelawny St. Ann St. Catherine St. Andrew The report is to document the damage that resulted from the event and to make recommendations on appropriate mitigation strategies that could be implemented in these areas. This report will be written in two parts: 1. Focus on the activities that caused flooding and 2. The damage cost of the disaster event. A second report will focus on recovery and rehabilitation and will form the second part of the complete document. The objectives are to: 1. Identify the causes of the landslides and flooding. 2. Determine the vulnerability caused by the landslide. 3. Identify the needs and priorities for mitigation and emergency preparedness. 4. Determine the economic impact of landslides and floods in each parish. 1.3 METHODOLOGY Preliminary information concerning effects of the heavy rains was collected and recorded from distress reports from residents in the affected areas. Confirmation from response authorities like the JDF and JFB was also used to compare reports and to plan appropriate responses. Primary research was done directly in the field as site investigations. Pictures and details of the incidences were taken. Parishes that were visited were: Portland, and St. Mary. Representatives who were present 1 Rainfall intensity: light less than 2mm/h; moderate 2 10 mm/h; heavy more than 10mm/h; violent more than 50mm/h Source: National Meteorological Service 2001 Report on Severe Weather Event. 4

5 in the field were; the Parish Council Coordinator or representative, Parish Disaster Coordinator, Regional Coordinator and persons from the Mines and Geology Division and the Water Resources Authority. Secondary research was also through reports from agencies such as the Meteorological office Water Resources Authority and National Works agency. DESCRIPTION OF THE EVENT 2.1 Report On Severe Weather Event October 28 November 05, 2001 Introduction Over the period October 28 to November 05, heavy 1 and at times violent rainfall fell over Jamaica, particularly northeastern parishes, causing extensive destruction to several sectors of the economy, viz infrastructure, agriculture and tourism. The heavy rainfall during this period was a direct result of the development of Hurricane Michelle. It is noteworthy that the majority of, and most intense rainfall across northeastern parishes, fell during the early development stages of Hurricane Michelle, and not actually during its general northward track as it passed west of the island (Source: NMS, 2002) 2.2 The Event Michelle was the 13 th named Tropical Storm of the 2001 Hurricane Season, however as a tropical depression the low-pressure produced disturbed weather across the western Caribbean including Jamaica with North eastern parishes receiving heavy flood rains on the 28 th and 29 th October. The heavy showers accompanying the system affected Portland, St. Mary, St. Ann and to a lesser extent St. Andrew, St. Catherine and St. Thomas. Table 1 highlights the rainfall figures from October 27 th 30 th. Average rainfall over the period October 27 th to November 5 th was 1924mm for the collective parishes of Portland, St. Mary, St. Ann, St. Andrew, St. Catherine and St. Thomas. Table 1: Preliminary Rainfall Report for October 27-30, STATION PARISH OCTOBER 27 th 28 th 29 th 30 th Orange River St. Mary Brimmer Hall Industry Boscobel Agualta Vale Runaway St. Ann Bay Laughlands Discovery Bay Fern Gully Lawrence St. Andrew Tavern Guys Hill St. Catherine Damhead Tulloch Estate Enfield (United Estate) Passley Portland Rainfall intensity: light less than 2mm/h; moderate 2 to 10 mm/h; heavy more than 10mm/h; violent more than 50mm/h. 5

6 STATION PARISH OCTOBER 27 th 28 th 29 th 30 th Gardens Moore Town Comfort Castle Spring Garden Port Antonio Orange Trelawny Valley *Figures represent amounts in millimeters. Table 2: 30-year ( ) Mean Parish Rainfall (millimetres) PARISH RAINFALL (MM) OCTOBER NOVEMBER Portland St. Mary St. Ann St. Andrew St. Catherine St. Thomas A comparison of Tables 1 and 2 shows that for some stations in St. Mary daily rainfall values (on October 29) exceeded the 30-year mean for October. Orange River, Brimmer Hall, Industry and Agualta Vale all surpassed the 1951 to 1980 average of 209 mm; while Spring Garden in Portland exceeded the 30-year mean by 55 mm on the 29 th of October. A simplified computation of rainfall rates, assuming uniformity throughout the respective days, would seem to imply accumulations of 10.2, 5.9, and 7.1 millimetres per hour (mm/hr) respectively for Portland, St. Mary and St. Ann on October 28, increasing to 17.8, 14.4 and 9.9 mm/hr on October 29 (Source: NMS 2002). The low-pressure system intensified into Tropical Storm and then hurricane Michelle by November and as a result the flash flood warnings continued for the island until November 5 th when Hurricane Michelle moved further North over the Atlantic Ocean. Although St. Mary received more rainfall than Portland for the period October 28 th to November 5 th, flooding and damages to infrastructure and agriculture was more devastating in Portland. By the 1 st of November rainfall amounts had decreased significantly across the island. Flooding however, had continued in the northeastern parishes as both natural and artificial waterways were not able to adequately channel the accumulated rainfall. 3.0 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS 3.1 Profiles of the Affected Parishes PORTLAND Location: Area: Land-use: The Northeast tip of the island. Approx. 814 sq.km Agriculture contributes to the main financial sector of the economy. 6

7 Rivers: Elevation: Geology: The main rivers are the Rio Grande, Swift, Buff Bay and Spanish River. Other minor rivers flowing through the parish include Daniels, Little Spanish, Priestmans and Back Rivers. Blue Mountain Peak 7402 ft. Catherine Peak 5000 ft. White Limestone, Yellow Limestone and Sedimentary Rocks are the dominant geological formations in this parish. The sedimentary formations are Richmond, Wagwater and Cretaceous Sedimentary rocks. Volcanics are also present in small amounts. This Parish has a high fault density that contributes to the instability of the land. This factor of instability is seen especially in the hilly interiors (source: Parish Profiles Prepared by JIS) Because of the parish s position on the island, Portland experiences hard lashes of bad weather. Cloud masses laden with moisture are forced to rise when they reach the mountains of Portland; at that height the moisture is cooled and then condensation of the moisture takes place; this subsequently produces rain, most of which falls in the Portland area. The amount and intensity of the rains are just some factors for the instability of the land and soil in this area. Landslides were reported on the eastern side of the parish where sedimentary formations- Richmond, Wagwater, and Cretaceous Sedimentary formations are located. ST. MARY Location: Area: Land-use: Geology: Northeast of Jamaica sq km Tourism is now the fastest growing sector of the economy. Agriculture remains the backbone of the Parish s economy. The Parish can be noticeably divided into two sections: 1. The geological formations on the eastern side of the parish consist mainly of sedimentary rocks (sandstone, siltstone or shale). Two of the major formations are the Wagwater and the Richmond formations. Under tropical conditions these formations tend to weather easily and erode during periods of heavy rainfall. Intricate surface drainage is also another topographic feature recognized in the eastern section of this Parish. The eastern section of the parish experienced landslides especially the District of Richmond. 2. The geological formation on the western section of the parish is made up of the White Limestone Group. This formation is not as unstable as the formations located on the eastern section of the parish. The texture ranges from chalky and marly beds to brecciated types to very hard to compact rocks. This section has predominantly underground features. Landslides were not reported from this section. ST. ANN Location: Area: Land-use: The north coast of the island sq. km Agriculture, cultivation is predominantly confined to the crown lands in the hill. Livestock is also produced. 7

8 Geology: Rivers and Waterfalls: Location: Area: Land-use: Geography: Geology: White Limestone Group is the main formation found in this parish. There are several popular hills and mountains in this area. This includes the Dry Harbour Mountain, Mount Alba, Irons Mountain, Murray Mountain, Mount Diablo and Mount Zion. There were no landslides reported in this area. This may be due to the stability of the limestone. Flooding though, occurred along the roadways. From these mountains and hills numerous rivers originate, the Whiter, Great, Dunns, Roaring, Caver and the Pedro rivers. The more popular waterfalls are Dunns River Falls, the Llandovery and the Roaring River Falls. ST. CATHERINE South Coast of Jamaica 1191 sq. km. Agriculture, St. Catherine is one of the major sugar producing parishes. Industry the largest salt producing plant in the Caribbean is located in this parish. The Linstead Basin makes up one of the largest and most important basins in Jamaica the Rio Cobre Basin. This area comprises over 300 sq. miles and includes extensive agricultural lands. St. Catherine Plains occupy the southern part of the Rio Cobre River Basin. The North of the Parish is mainly made up of White Limestone whereas the south is made up of Alluvium deposits. Note though that the Hellshire area is predominantly White Limestone. A minor landslide was reported in this Parish. 4.0 TYPES OF HAZARDS AND AREAS AFFECTED Impact of the hazards 4.1 Introduction Landslides debris flows and flooding are the main hazards that affected the parishes.. Evidence of this can be seen with the rainfall of October 28th November 5 th 2001 which caused widespread damage across most parishes but particularly devasted the parish of Portland and St. Mary. This section will describe that impact of floods and landslides on human systems. 4.2 FACTORS CAUSING FLOODING Flooding was reported in Portland, St. Mary, St. Ann, St. Thomas, St. Andrew and St. Catherine Trewlany, Hanover, and Clarendon. A number of Factors influenced that extent of the flooding. These include:- METEOROLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERE WEATHER SYSTEM. LOCATION OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS IN FLOOD PLAIN OR FLOOD WAY THE LACK OF MAINTENANCE OF DRAINAGE NETWORKS FAULTY DRAINAGE AND OTHER HYDRAULIC STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REDUCED CONVEYANCE CAPACITY OF THE NATURAL AND MAN-MADE CHANNELS METEOROLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVER E WEATHER SYSTEM 1. The counter clockwise wind-flow pattern into the center of the system drew warm moist air from the eastern Pacific and southern Caribbean Sea into the Jamaica area. 8

9 2. Specific to Portland and St. Mary, is the presence of the Blue Mountain Ridge. The mountain range acted as a barrier and zone of convergence to surface wind; forced the warm moist air to rise, thereby producing relief rainfall in the process. 3. The southeasterly breeze was enhanced by the near southerly flow from the system. The Northern side of the mountain range became the distinctive leeward side, setting up the development of a leeside trough which is a low pressure area that forms on the leeward side of mountain ranges when the wind flow is nearly perpendicular to the ridge thus producing more rainfall 4. The near stationary position of the system during the formative stages to being Hurricane Michelle 5. The additional rainfall on already saturated soils which triggered more flooding and landslides 4.3 AREAS AFFECTED BY FLOODING PORTLAND - Fellowship, San San, Berrydale, Orange Bay, Fruitful Vale, Spring Garden, Shrewsbury, Hope Bay near bridge, Claverty Cottage, Swift River Skibob, Spring Gardens, Buff Bay Kingston & St. Andrew - Castleton, Brandon Hill, Robertsfield, Florence Hill Havendale, Mannings Hill Road, March Pen Road, Industrial Village, Long Lane, Seaview Gardens, Woodlawn Avenue, Morecambe Avenue, Glendale, Riverside Drive, Gore Terrace, Patrick City, Almonda Terrace, Windward Road/Rockfort, Columbus Drive, Gore Terrace, Longwood Avenue, Pembroke Hall, Bayshore Harbour View, White Avenue Drive, Waltham Park Road, Spanish Town Road, Baldwin Crescent, New Haven, Benbow Crescent, Hope Boulevard, Colbeck Avenue, Hampton Crescent, Stafford Close, Washington Gardens St. Mary -Lewisburg, Coloraine Crossing/Oracabessa entire Annotto Bay, Sections of Port Antonio, Enfield, Friendship Gap Trewlany - Jackson Town, Clarkes Town, Falmouth, Carey Park community Hanover - Cousins Cove, and Green Island St. Ann - Runaway Bay, Great Pond, Cardiff Hall, Lime hall, Content Gardens, Mamme Bay, Discovery Bay, Browns Town, Shaw Park, Lime Bottom, Walkers Wood Fern Gully, Steer Town, Hollywood, Lydford Orange Park, Laycox St. St. Catherine - Waterford, Passage Fort, Braeton Phase 1, Greater Portmore 6E, 2W, 3W, 2E Caymanas Gardens, Old Braeton, Newland, Bridgeport, Independence City, Westchester, Sunny Side St. Thomas - Yallahs Bulls Bay Albion, Poormans s Corner, Danvers Pen Clarendon - Vere - Longwood 4.4 Factors Causing Flooding The Water Resources Authority conducted a review of the 1998 flood Event as a comparison to the flood event of October November The findings of this report are outlined below: Review of recommendations of the 1998 Flood Reports The report indicated that the 1998 flooding in Portland was greatly amplified because of: 1) Extensive debris blocking hydraulic structures and reducing the conveyance capacity of the natural and manmade channels. The debris resulted from landslide and the remains from the logging activities in the upper catchments. 2) Encroachment of Floodway and floodplains. 3) Faulty drainage and other hydraulic structural design and construction The present Oct-Nov 2001 flooding was induced by much more intense rainfall with higher return periods than the previous floods. Rainfall intensity gauge at Bellevue in Portland recorded 622mm or 24.5 inches of 9

10 rain in 24hrs on 29/10. Highest intensity was 96mm (3.78 inch) in one hour. Comparisons with existing rainfall frequencies for nearby stations showed that this far exceeded a 50-year event. The flood hazard was again amplified by the very same factors that existed during the 98 floods and very little was done to reduce vulnerability and exposure (See Appendix 1 outlines the Contents of the 1998 Portland Flood Report). 4.5 FACTORS CAUSING LANDSLIDES Landslides were reported in the parishes mentioned already in this report. These landslides were triggered by the heavy rains, which saturated the soils. In the parish of Portland areas affected are located within 4 watershed management units namely Swift River, Spanish River, Rio Grande, Pencar These watershed units receive the highest rainfall in the country. The geology of the area coupled with the heavy torrential rains and weather systems greatly impacted the area. 4.6 AREAS AFFECTED BY LANDSLIDES Swift River Watershed Management Unit Portland Rivers - Swift River and its tributaries the Back River and Bantama. Communities affected within this watershed Swift River, Bloomfield, Chelsea, Shirley Castle, Shrewsbury, Fruitful Vale and Grants Gate. Damage was due to landslides, flooding and deposition of debris. Sand and rubble (river shingle) up to 3 m high was deposited throughout the community including the interior of buildings and burying parked vehicles. A massive landslide at Grants Gate covered four houses. Spanish River Watershed Management Unit River and tributaries - Spanish River and its tributaries the Mabess River Communities affected - Chepstowe, Claverty Cottage, Bangor Ridge, Bybrook and Skibo with Bybrook being the most severely affected. Mabess River brought down an excessive amount of soil and other debris some m high depositing this material on the main road and in buildings along it. The river doubled its normal width sweeping away land(for example the Anglican Church and the burial plot behind the church). Damage - Several homes were destroyed by floodwaters and debris, the road network was affected by landslides. Rio Grande Watershed Management Unit River: - Rio Grande and its tributaries the Back Rio Grande and Sandy River Communities affected - Berridale, Grants Level and Fellowship. Pencar - Buff Bay Watershed Management Unit Rivers - Dry River, White River Landslides of varying sizes occurred at Stanton, Tranquillity, Belvedere and Mt. Vernon Portland Shirley Castle, Toms River, Bybrook, Bloomfield, Anns Delight, Bangor Ridge, Chepstow, St. Bernard Bellevue, Berwick Spring, Clifton Hill. Kingston and St. Andrew - Hermitage, Rose Hall, Mount Airy, Golden Spring, Friendship, Florence, Cavaliers, Lawrence Tavern Craig Hill Shooters Hill Junction Road St. Mary - Broadgate Georgia Road in vicinity of Westmoreland Bridge, Cool Spring Dressikie, Mount Rose Comfort Valley, Scotts Hall/Ireland Rock River St. Ann - Lime Hall - Lumsden St. Elizabeth - Red Ground Houses, roads, crops and farmland were affected in this management unit. In Buff Bay blocked drains led to flooding of the town. The river overflowed its banks scouring the roadway at Enfield and washing away livestock and agricultural crops. The river eroded its banks washing away large acreages of land at Craig 10

11 Mill (See Appendix 2 Conclusion and Recommendations from NEPA Report Oct Nov 2001 Flood Report) 5.0 ECONOMIC SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY 5.1 Economic Impact Flooding landslides and debris flows produce a net work of inter-related impacts which span many sectors of the economy. The damage impact can be listed as economic, environmental and social. 5.2 SECTOR DAMAGE The agricultural sector is one of the major foundations to support growth in the economy. the rains of october 29 November 5 th had again significantly affected this sector with losses totalling $533,200, hectares of crops were damaged. The total number of farmers that were affected total with the highest numbers in Portland, St. Andrew, and St. Elizabeth. It must be noted however that St. Elizabeth was not highlighted as one of the parishes seriously affected from he server weather. Table: 3 Showing Agricultural Losses from Oct- Nov Flood Rains 2001 Parish Crop Loss Ha Value Ja$ Livest ock Value Soil Con. Value Ja$ Portland ,800,000 26,500 18,250,000 4,000 ch 4.800,00 0 Road s km Value Rem arks farme rs affect ed ,300 St. Mary ,638,200 9,825 2,916, ,300, 000 1,054 St. Catherin e ,020,000 6, , ,500, St , 193, - 1,142, ,350,000 1,099 Thomas 500 St. Ann ,406,000 2, , ,000, St ,100, ,150, ,000 Andrew 0 2,455,000 Westmor ,905,000 4, eland Hanover ,107 1,433, ,410, ,165,000 St ,195,243 1,930 1,344, ,000,000 1,449 Elizabeth Clarendo ,101,765 3, , ,315,000 n Manches ,584, ,000, ter St ,324,000-1,011, James TOTAL 1, ,637, , ,421, 400 4,000 CH 4,800, km 124,341, Source: RADA

12 CROP ANALYSIS Crop Losses to Agricultural Sector Clarendon 3% Manchest er 2% St. James 4% Port land 19% St. Elizabet h 28% St. Mary 6% St. Cat herine 3% St. Thomas Hanover 4% Westmoreland 4% St. Andrew 14% St. Ann 5% 8% Portland St. Mary St. Cat herine St. Thomas St. Ann St. Andrew West moreland Hanover St. Elizabet h Clarendon Manchest er St. James Figure:1 Livestock Analysis Losses in Livestock Hanover 8% West moreland 0% St. Andrew 7% St. Ann 2% Clarendon 6% St. Elizabet h 3% Manchest er 0% St. James 0% Port land 43% St. Thomas 5% St. Cat herine 10% St. Mary 16% Port land St. Mary St. Cat herine St. Thomas St. Ann St. Andrew West moreland Hanover St. Elizabet h Clarendon Manchest er St. James Figure: 2 12

13 St. James Manchester Farmers Affected Rains October 29th - November 5th Clarendon St. Elizabeth ,449 Hanover Westmoreland St. Andrew St. Ann St. Thomas Parishes Farmers Affected ,099 1,054 3,000 St. Catherine St. Mary Portland ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 Farmers affected 3,300 Figure: PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ROADS, BRIDGES, DRAINS, AND GULLIES The physical infrastructure was severely affected as a result of the Rains of October November This sector received the most extensive damage through all the parishes that were affected. The major damage that affected the road network include: 1. Roads affected directly by landslides 2. Roads significantly eroded 3. Drain walls to be repaired 4. Damage to bridges 5. Damage to flood control works and gullies. The cost for rehabilitation of roads, bridges gullies that were damaged is estimated at J$1,493,376,408. The information below was taken from a report that was prepared by the National Works agency which summarizes the damage done to the Main and Parish Council road network as well as the damage done to bridges, sea defense works, river training works, drainage structures and gullies Roads Affected by Land Slips/Flooding etc. Approximately 241 main roads and over 200 PC roads were affected by landslides, and flooding. The total costs to re-open the roads affected by slippage and flooding is estimated at $13.18 million dollars. 13

14 5.3.3 Roads Significantly Eroded/Drains/Walls Repaired Required A number of roads were severely affected by scouring of the existing surface as well as damage to the drainage infrastructure and retaining walls. The costs associated with the rehabilitation of these roads by parish is shown below: Table: 4 Showing Costs to Rehabilitate Roads Parish Main Roads PC Roads Rehabilitation Total St. Mary 149,039, ,624,114 St. Andrew 40,622,000 67,605,739 Portland 88,417, ,110,939 St. Catherine 51,010,000 53,880,741 St. Ann 30,960,000 44,417,197 St. Thomas 25,208,000 14,395,757 Trelawny 7,700,000 14,198,207 St. James 42,250,000 25,810,065 Clarendon 9,432,000 32,784,730 Westmoreland 1,860,569 24,326,381 Manchester 2,000,000 31,690,105 St. Elizabeth 2,000,000 25,630,807 Hanover 4,000,000 15,085,587 Kingston 25,044,170 Total 479,544, ,560,369 Figure: 4 Cost to Rehabilitate Roads by Parish Bridges As a result of the flood rains 6 bridges were affected, the total damage to these bridges is approximately: $181 Million Dollars. The major bridge repairs are listed below: Bridges Damage Spanish River Bridge Estimated Costs - $86.5 Million Swift River Bridge Estimated Costs - $35.04 Westmoreland Bridge Estimated Costs $16.4 Million Fort George Estimated Costs $32.85 Million Minor Damage to other Bridges $10.6 Million Skibo $2.19 Million Agualta Vale $3.28 Million Friendship $5.47 (See Appendix: 3 Detailed Report From NWA) Flood Control Works/Gullys As a result of the alluvial nature of our embankments extensive damage was done as a result of rivers overflowing their banks or changing course. The areas affected were primarily in Portland and St. Mary. The total damage done is $220 Million. A number of major gullies have also been damaged primarily in the corporate area the total required to repair these is approximately $35 Million Summary The following table summarizes the overall damage to the infrastructure: 14

15 Table: 5 Summary Of Infrastructure Rehabilitation Costs Figure :5 Summary of infrastructure Damage Activity Total Costs J$ Main Road Rehabilitation P.C. Road Rehabilitation Bridges River Training Works Including Critical Repairs Cost to reopen Roads 479,544, ,560, ,770, ,320,000 13,182,000 Total 1,493,376, UTILITIES WATER REPORTS FROM THE NATIONAL WATER COMMISION REVEALED THAT THE FOLLOWING SYSTEMS IN THE VARIOUS PARISHES WERE DAMAGED. THIS CAN BE SEEN IN TALBE BELOW. THE TOTAL COSTS OF RESTORATION OF SYSTEM TO DATE TOTALLED $95M. ASSESSMENT OF THE YALLAS PIPE LINE IS STILL ONGOING HOWEVER THE DAMAGE TOTALED $25M Table: 6 NWC Damage to Facilities October November Rains 2001 PARISH WATER SUPPLIES DAMAGES Damage Costs Portland St. Mary Shirley Castle, Claverty Cottage, Yhanside Bybrook/Skibo Bangor Ridge Black Hill Lennox/Orange Bay Orange Hill/Chewstowe New Eden Claverty to Clifton Hill Gap/Smithfield Happy Grove to Belmont Packie River to Eddingham Road to Fairy Hill Beach Foundout to Barnett St. Catherine St. Thomas St. Ann St. Andrew Westmoreland Hanover St. Elizabeth Clarendon Pipes leading from pump facilities 330, Manchester St. James Source: NWC Electricity Reports from the Jamaica Public Service (JPS Co) indicate that their systems sustained damages estimated at$6.8 Million. The break down of the damages cost reflected approximately $1.2 M in damage to their systems and a cost of $5.6M to restore and relocate lines. Some of the damage was as a result of burnt poles due to lightening and erosion Telephone 15

16 Over the period of flooding, October November 2001, Cable and Wireless reported damage to the telephone system totalling $537, The damage to exchanges and locations is highlighted in table below. Table: 7 PLANT AFFECTED BY FLOOD RAINS NER/WER, OCTOBER 2001 EXCHANGE LOCATION DEFECT CORRECTION STATUS OF NO. OF WORK CUSTO MERS AFFECT Discovery Bay Rio Bueno Bridge Pole and Push Brace Dislocate d Damage d Cables Runaway Bay Main Road/Exchan ge Road Intersection Claremont Higgin Town Pole washed out Tower Main Road Rio Nuevo Gayle Ocho Rios Highgate Dunn s River Main Road Heywood Hall Trees fell on Cable Poles washed out Dislocate d Guy Belfield 3 poles partially washed out Port Antonio Main road Trees fell between on the Orange Bay cable and St. Margaret s Bay TOTAL Reset Pole and Push Brace Replace Damaged Cables Pole Relocated/Repl aced Replaced Broken Cable Two poles were replaced Replace pole guy Poles to be replanted Trees cut and area cleared ESTIMA TED COST ED Completed None $ 3, Temporary Restoration Effected 45 $400, Completed None $ 16, Completed None $ 65, Completed None $ 30, To be None $ completed by 3, /11/01 To be completed by 16/11/01 None $11, Completed None $10, $540,

17 Table: 8 ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH HURRICANE MICHELLE EXCH LOCATION ISSUE ACTION STATUS COST YAL Yallahs Ducts and cable Option 1 recovery Temp restoration Temp Fording washed out plan in progress. completed 12/11/01 Repairs = across fording, Restoration $450, disruptions expected by 11/11/01 if Permanent conditions are Restoration favourable JO# Est. = refers. $3,700,000 SHL Tom s Tom s River to Fibre and Completed $150,000 River to Castleton. distribution cable Castleton Fibre and restored. Rehab of dist/cables pole line in down. Pole line progress. JO# rehab required refers. MNA Lindos Gap Three poles Re-instate plant Completed Charges and cables booked to down. Affecting 400 pr E/S and 100 pr D/S Mntc. Approx. $50,000 SHL MOR WSH Lawrence Tavern Amity Hall and Spring Gardens, St. Thomas Washington Blvd vicinity of Coreville Gardens Three and down poles cables Trees fallen on fibre cable Pole wash out. Cable down. SHL Cavaliers Landslide. Cable down prs. SHL Airy Castle Cable damaged Road 260m 10 prs + 90m 50 pr + 85m 100pr damaged 5.5 Transportation Re-instate plant Completed Charges booked to Mntc. Approx. $10,000 Re-instate plant Completed Charges booked to Mntc. Approx. $5,000 Re-instate plant Completed Charges booked to Mntc. Approx. $50,000 Re-instate plant JO# refers. Re-instate plant JO # refers. Completed $70,000 Completed $75,000 With the event of October November 2001, the transport linkage especially with the affected parishes of Portland and St. Mary were severely affected. Many roads were rendered impassible. Many of the communities were affected and without alternate access routes. These communities possess a strong agricultural and eco tourism base, the ability or inability to move people and goods resulted in economic losses. In short people and goods were stranded, hence limiting the function of the income generating sources and creating a loss of foreign exchange. 17

18 5.6 COMMERCE AND TOURISM IN PORTLAND APPROXIMATELY 210 RAFTS WERE LOST WHICH TOTALLED $420, IN DAMAGES. PROPERTY LOSSES ARE STILL BEING ASSESSED. OTHER 5.7 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Social Infrastructure and Impacts Every community has as some of its most significant development facilities social and physical (engineering) infrastructure. The social infrastructure seeks to develop the personality of the man and thereby enhance his inter-personal relationship, morals, ethics, and integrity. Social infrastructure include: homes, churches, schools, health services, police stations, post offices and in the case of disasters shelters EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES Impact On Educational Institutions Island wide The severe flooding experienced in the parishes of Portland and St. Mary and to a lesser extent in other northern and western parishes impacted negatively upon the ability of the educational institutions to function normally as in many cases they were inaccessible to vehicular traffic. Most of the damage to schools which were already in poor condition was made worse as the already porous roofs were made more so by the heavy rainfall. Debris was deposited on some of the school properties and soil erosion was evident in a number of cases. Provisions have been put in place to allow the students who were affected and unable to attend school to be temporally taught at the nearest accessible high school. This has put a strain on existing infrastructure and has resulted in the need for additional furniture at the relevant schools, that were already suffering a shortage of student s furniture. The schools that have opened their doors to the affected students are: Annotto Bay High, St. Mary High, St. Mary Technical Marymount High, Buff Bay High The estimated cost of remedial work is Twenty Million Dollars ($20,000,000.00) Four hundred (400) students desks and chairs are required at a cost of ($1,250,000.00). If any relocation of affected persons in Portland is carried out a review of the need for school places in the affected areas will need to be done to determine any future development projects. Table: 9 Showing type of Damage and losses Oct. Nov Rains NAME OF SCHOOL PARIS H RUR AL URB AN ESTIMATED COST TYPE OF DAMAGE Belvedere All Portlan * 500,000 Electrical Age d Buff Bay Portlan * 1,500,000 Roofing and Electrical Primary d Nonsuch All Portlan * 300,000 Latrines Age d Windsor Forest Portlan * 600,000 Latrines Primary d Windsor Castle Portlan * 1,500,000 Latrines and Roofing All Age d Sub-Total 4,400,000 Annotto Bay St. * 1,000,000 Sewage disposal and roofing 18

19 NAME OF PARIS RUR URB ESTIMATED TYPE OF DAMAGE SCHOOL H AL AN COST Primary Mary Brainard All St. * 1,200,000 Land Slippage Retaining Wall Age Mary Bromley St. * 200,000 Roofing Primary Mary Islington High St. * 900,000 Roofing Mary Ramble All St. * 400,000 Roofing Age Mary Robins Bay All St. * 900,000 Roofing Age Mary Rose Bank St. * 300,000 Roofing Primary Mary St. Mary High St. Mary * 5,000,000 Land Slippage Retaining Wall and Sewage Disposal System Woodside All St. * 600,000 Roofing Age Mary Sub-Total 10,200,000 Duckenfield Primary St. Thoma * 1,250,000 Roofing Hayfield All Age Wilmington All Age s St. Thoma s St. Thoma s * 350,000 Roofing * 300,000 Roofing Sub-Total 1,900,000 Cascade All St. Ann * 300,000 Roofing Age Walkerswood St. Ann * 700,000 Roofing All Age Sub-Total 1,000,000 Hampden Trelawn * 300,000 Roofing Primary y Warsop All Trelawn * 500,000 Roofing Age y Sub-Total 800,000 Johns Hall St. * 300,000 Latrines James Salters Hill All St. * 700,000 Roofing Age James Sub-Total 1,000,000 Mt. Grace Prim Westm * 700,000 Roofing and Jnr High oreland New Castle All Westm * 900,000 Roofing Age oreland Sub-Total 1,600,000 Figure 6 below shows the number of schools that were affected in the various parishes in both urban and rural areas. A total of two schools were affected in the urban areas of St. Mary and Portland, while 23 19

20 schools were affected in rural areas. Westmoreland, St. James, Trewlany, St. Ann with a total of 2 schools each being affected. St. Thomas with a total of 3, St. Mary accounting for 8 and Portland accounting for 4. Figure 7 highlights the type of damage and the costs. These damages varied form Roofing, Electrical and latrines and landslipage. Roofing damage which was the highest accounted for 67% of total damage, latrines were next 13% and electrical, latrine and roofing, sewage disposal and roofing landslipage/retaining wall all accounted for 4%. Figure: 6 Bar Graph showing Types of Schools affected Westmoreland St. James Trewlany Parishes St. Ann St. Thomas St. Mary Portland Schools Urban Rural Figure: 7 Type of Damage and Cost land slipage retaining wall (s.s.s) 4% Latrine &Roofing 4% land slipage retaining wall 4% Electrical 4% Roof and Electrical 4% Latrines 13% Roofing 67% Electrical Latrines Latrine &Roofing land slipage retaining wall Roof and Electrical Roofing land slipage retaining wall (s.s.s) 20