The Musée d Orsay Paris, France

Transcription

1 The Musée d Orsay Paris, France

2 This museum is housed in a former railway station on the banks of the Seine. Most of the artwork dates from with many pieces French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist masterpieces.

3 The 4 Parts of the World Holding a Celestial Sphere The museum was opened in 1986 under French president, François Mitterand.

4 Sapho James Pradier

5 What type of art is on display at the Musée d Orsay? ROMANTIC ARTISTS: Delacroix Ingres Corot REALISTS: Courbet Manet IMPRESSIONISTS: Monet Degas Morisot Cassatt Caillebotte Renoir Rodin POST-IMPRESSIONISTS: Toulouse-Lautrec Seurat Cezanne Gauguin Van Gogh Munch Rousseau

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7 Western Art History Timeline I 1400 Late Gothic/Early Renaissance Italian/Northern Renaissance Mannerists Baroque Era Rococo Neoclassicism Donatello s David, 1444 Jan van Eyck s Arnolfini Marriage, 1434 Leonardo da Vinci s Mona Lisa, Raphael s School of Athens, 1510 Bacchus & Ariadne, 1523, Titian 1586, El Greco, Burial of Count Orgasz Caravaggio s Calling of St. Matthew, 1599 Rembrandt s Nightwatch, 1642 Watteau s Pierrot, 1718 Fragonard s, The Swing J.L. David, Death of Marat, 1793 Consecration/ Coronation of Napoleon, & Josephine, J.L. David, 1806 Ingres, 1814, La Grande Odalisque Michelangelo s Pieta, 1498 Durer s Hare, , Maids of Honor, Velasquez Vermeer, 1665 Gainsborough, Blue Boy, 1770

8 Western Art History Timeline II NEOCLASSICISM ROMANTIC MOVEMENT HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL - Thomas Cole, Founder THE REALISTS: Manet & Courbet THE IMPRESSIONIST MOVEMENT J.L. David, Death of Marat, 1793 Ingres, 1814, La Grande Odalisque Consecration/ Coronation of Napoleon, & Josephine, J.L. David, , Gericault s Raft of the Medusa 1838, Turner Fighting Temeraire 1830, Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD Danté Rossetti, founder in 1848 Manet, The Fife Player, 1866 Manet,, Bar at the Folies Bergere Courbet: Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet, 1854 Monet: Impression Sunrise, 1873 Renoir: Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881 Degas: The Dance Class, 1873

9 This and many other paintings by Millet inspired Vincent van Gogh who often wrote about his works to his brother, Theo. The Gleaners Jean-Francois Millet pronounced (me-yay) Millet studied under the French artist, Delaroche who painted, The Christian Martyr. To glean: to gather grain left behind by the reapers

10 Salvador Dali was convinced that this couple was praying over the grave of their dead child. He even paid to have the canvas x-rayed. The Angelus Jean-Francois Millet Church in the distance ringing the bells Angelus: a prayer said morning, noon and night to commemorate the Annunciation usually church bells were rung to remind people to recite the prayer

11 Western Art History Timeline II NEOCLASSICISM ROMANTIC MOVEMENT HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL - Thomas Cole, Founder THE REALISTS: Manet & Courbet THE IMPRESSIONIST MOVEMENT J.L. David, Death of Marat, 1793 Ingres, 1814, La Grande Odalisque Consecration/ Coronation of Napoleon, & Josephine, J.L. David, , Gericault s Raft of the Medusa 1838, Turner Fighting Temeraire 1830, Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD Danté Rossetti, founder in 1848 Manet, The Fife Player, 1866 Manet, Bar at the Folies Bergere Courbet: Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet, 1854 Monet: Impression Sunrise, 1873 Renoir: Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881 Degas: The Dance Class, 1873

12 ROMANTIC ARTISTS: Delacroix, Ingres, Gericault, Constable, Turner THE ROMANTIC MOVEMENT Delacroix was interested in color and movement and was influenced by the painter, Peter Paul Rubens. The Romantic Movement, which took place around , represented a return to nature.

13 The Lion Hunt Eugene Delacroix Pronounced della-kwah Delacroix, the artist who painted, Liberty Leading Her People In 1832 Delacroix traveled to Morocco in Northern Africa. Eugene Delacroix

14 The Lion Hunt Eugene Delacroix

15 Western Art History Timeline II NEOCLASSICISM ROMANTIC MOVEMENT HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL - Thomas Cole, Founder THE REALISTS: Manet & Courbet THE IMPRESSIONIST MOVEMENT J.L. David, Death of Marat, 1793 Ingres, 1814, La Grande Odalisque Consecration/ Coronation of Napoleon, & Josephine, J.L. David, , Gericault s Raft of the Medusa 1838, Turner Fighting Temeraire 1830, Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD Danté Rossetti, founder Manet, The Fifer Manet, Bar at the Folies Bergere Courbet: Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet Monet: Impression Sunrise, 1873 Renoir: Luncheon of the Boating Party Degas: The Dance Class

16 REALISM: Edouard Manet Manet was born into a wealthy family, and was influenced by the old masters, Velazquez and Goya. However, rather than creating works dedicated to the past, he tried to create paintings of modern life realism. Although Manet was friends with the Impressionists, he never exhibited with the group. Manet sought to create, not great art, but sincere art. Manet s quick brushstrokes and loose handling of paint set the stage for the snapshot style of the Impressionists who were to follow Manet. Manet s painting, Luncheon on the Grass, caused a great deal of controversey.

17 The Balcony Edouard Manet The artist, Berthe Morisot (who married Edouard s brother, Eugene) The lack of realism made one critic write, Close the shutters! The artist Caillebotte bought this painting and left it to the Musée d Orsay Some say that it was Berthe Morisot who convinced Manet to try plein-air painting (painting outdoors rather than in the studio).

18 Described as being flat as a playing card The Fife Player Edouard Manet No background or foreground Manet actually used a female model for this painting.

19 The Waitress Edouard Manet

20 I paint what I see, and not what others like to see. Berthe Morisot with a Hat Edouard Manet

21 Controversial because the nude females were not figures from ancient mythology, but were from modern-day Paris. And they are posed with fully clothed men. Unrealistic background with unnatural lighting no subtle color differences between light and shadow. Critics didn t like the harsh lighting used by Manet, but artists such as Renoir and Monet were influenced by it. This painting shows Manet s freedom from traditional subjects the beginning of modern art. Still-life on top of the women s clothes Manet s wife, Suzanne, an older woman who was his piano teacher. Unnatural lighting: Notice that the 2 females are not seen in the shadows, but are spotlighted. Luncheon on the Grass Edouard Manet

22 Detail from Luncheon on the Grass Edouard Manet

23 Concert Champetre (Pastoral Concert) Titian Inspiration for Manet s Luncheon on the Grass

24 Calvary Nikolay Gay This painting of Calvary was never finished. Nikolay Gay was a Russian realist of French descent.

25 Summer Night Winslow Homer Many consider Winslow Homer to be America s most famous seascape painter. Homer s early works were devoted to capturing scenes of the American Civil War. The French government bought this painting in 1900.

26 Painting is commonly referred to as Whistler s Mother. One of the most recognized paintings in the world Whistler was an Americanborn artist who flunked out of West Point. Had silicon been a gas, he said after failing chemistry, I would have been a major general. Referring to his dear old mom as an arrangement offended many people. Arrangement in Black and Grey No. 1 James M. Whistler ( )

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28 Western Art History Timeline II NEOCLASSICISM ROMANTIC MOVEMENT HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL - Thomas Cole, Founder THE REALISTS: Manet & Courbet THE IMPRESSIONIST MOVEMENT J.L. David, Death of Marat, 1793 Ingres, 1814, La Grande Odalisque Consecration/ Coronation of Napoleon, & Josephine, J.L. David, , Gericault s Raft of the Medusa 1838, Turner Fighting Temeraire 1830, Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD Danté Rossetti, founder Manet, The Fifer Manet,, Bar at the Folies Bergere Courbet: Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet Monet:, Impression Sunrise, 1873 Renoir: Luncheon of the Boating Party Degas: The Dance Class

29 IMPRESSIONISM: Claude Monet (pronounced mō-nay) founder of the Impressionist Movement Monet was known for painting the same subject under varying lighting conditions. Portrait of Monet, painted by Pierre-Auguste Renoir Cathedral at Rouen Claude Monet

30 Cathedral at Rouen Claude Monet Monet did a series of more than 30 pictures ( ) of this same cathedral, painted at different times of day and under different lighting conditions.

31 Claude Monet Monet rented a house in Giverny for his family in After he began selling more paintings, he was eventually able to purchase the house, and even buy neighboring land where he could extend his gardens. Monet, on the Japanese bridge he installed in his home s garden in Giverny.

32 Photograph of Monet s gardens today

33 Monet s garden at Giverny today My greatest masterpiece is my garden. Claude Monet

34 With no horizon and no sky, the scene seems to stretch to infinity. Monet s gardens at Giverny This painting was created after Monet lost much of his eyesight to cataracts. Blue Water Lilies Claude Monet

35 Monet did a series of 8 paintings under different lighting conditions from the same window in his room during a 1900 visit to London. Monet didn t complete the series in London, but had to finish them at his studio in Giverny. London, Houses of Parliament Sun Breaking Through the Fog Claude Monet

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37 Monet moved his family from the city of Paris 11 kilometers away - to the quiet town of Argenteuil. This small town on the Seine was a popular place for Parisians to visit on the weekends. Regatta at Argenteuil pronounced (are-zhon-tay-ya) Claude Monet The Parisian sailing club was headquartered in Argenteuil. Regatta a boat race

38 One of a series of 12 paintings Monet devoted to this train station. The St. Lazare Station pronounced san lah zarr Claude Monet At this time, artists were encouraged to show life as it existed around them. Monet had an apartment near this suburban railway station and painted this series between January and March of 1877.

39 Edgar Dégas: (pronounced day-gah ) never considered himself an Impressionist; he mocked artists like Monet for painting outdoors Degas was the only French Impressionist to produce paintings in the US. In 1872 Degas visited his brother, René, in New Orleans and painted, The Cotton Exchange.

40 The Bellelli Family Edgar Dégas Pronounced day-gah

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42 Degas aunt, Laura Degas Bellelli, (expecting a baby) is dressed in mourning for her father who has just died. Sketch of Aunt Laura s father (Hilaire) done by Degas. Painting is a psychological study of an unhappy family. Degas, as a young man, lived with the Bellelli Family in Italy while he studied art. Although he loved his aunt and cousins, he didn t get along with his uncle. The younger daughter, Giovanna, appears to be caught in the middle of this unhappy family. Degas described her as smart as can be & kind as an angel. The Bellelli Family Edgar Dégas Degas has painted Mr. Bellelli, Degas uncle by marriage, separated from the family, engaged in work at his desk.

43 Left: Sketch for Bellelli Family portrait

44 After Edgar Dégas returned home to Paris, his Aunt Laura wrote: Aunt Laura Self-portrait of 21-year old Degas, 1855 Dear Edgar, You must be very happy to be with your family again, instead of being in the presence of a sad face like mine, and a disagreeable one like my husband s. Love, Aunt Laura

45 Dégas uncle - with a disagreeable face.

46 Horses Before the Stands Edgar Dégas Degas gave us realistic views of the races not posed pictures. He did lots of sketches, then completed the works in his studio. Degas painted as many pictures of horses as he did of dancers. Degas seemed as interested in the activities before & after the races as the races themselves. Inside his studio, Degas had not only racing gear, but also a life size dummy horse which he used as a model. In 1857, a racetrack (Longchamp) was built just outside Paris. By the 1860 s, when Degas began to paint the subject, horse racing had become one of the most popular and democratic diversions in France.

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48 Portrait of a Young Woman Edgar Dégas

49 These ballerinas, often from working class backgrounds and nicknamed, little opera rats were often preyed upon by the unscrupulous. After 1870, Degas began to produce more & more paintings of dancers they sold well and his family needed the money after his brother lost the family fortune The Dance Class Edgar Dégas

50 Details from the painting, The Dance Class. I want to look through the keyhole, said Degas, as to how he would portray the subjects in his paintings. Notice that the dancers are not posed as if for a traditional group portrait.

51 Little Dancer of 14 Years (Sculpture) Edgar Dégas Some critics described this work as appalling ugliness.

52 Little Dancer Edgar Dégas

53 The Ballet Rehearsal Edgar Dégas Although at first glance, Degas paintings may seem similar to the spontaneous impressions created by Monet and Renoir, Degas insisted his pieces were carefully calculated works of art. Another keyhole look at a dancer. What I do is the result of reflection and the study of the great masters. Of inspiration, spontaneity, temperament, I know nothing. Edgar Dégas

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55 The Star Edgar Dégas Notice the unusual viewpoint from which Degas has painted this dancer.

56 Women Ironing Another through the keyhole view of 2 women working Edgar Dégas

57 The Absinthe Drinkers Edgar Dégas Absinthe is a highly alcoholic drink, sometimes called The Green Fairy. After first being used as a malaria treatment for French troops, it became popular among 19 th century artists and writers. Absinthe was banned in the US and much of Europe in the 20 th century. This painting shows the numbing effect of the drink on the two shown in Degas painting.

58 Real painters understand with a brush in their hand. The Cradle IMPRESSIONISM: Berthe Morisot Both Berthe and her sister, Edma were artists at a time when it was not an encouraged field for women. Berthe painted her sister, Edma with her baby daughter, Blanche, in the tender work entitled, The Cradle.

59 IMPRESSIONISM: Mary Cassatt Girl in the Garden

60 The Floor Planers IMPRESSIONISM: Gustave Caillebotte

61 Detail: The Floor Planers Gustave Caillebotte Although farm workers were often the subject matter of paintings, showing workers in an urban setting was considered vulgar. After this painting was rejected, young Caillebotte joined the Impressionists.

62 IMPRESSIONISM: Pierre-Auguste Renoir Renoir was born in Limoges, France. At the age of 13, he began work painting flowers on porcelain plates. Portrait of Alphonsine Fournaise 1879, Musee d Orsay The advantage of growing old is that you become aware of your mistakes more quickly.

63 Renoir s scenes are generally bright and happy. Dance at the Moulin de la Galette Auguste Renoir ( ) Pronounced, aw-goost renn-wahr This area was located in Montmartre near Sacre Coeur. In 1990, this painting sold for 78.1 million dollars, one of the most expensive paintings ever sold A masterpiece of early Impressionism People enjoyed dressing up and coming to this area for dancing, drinking and eating galettes (pancakes).

64 Dance in the City/Dance in the Country Pierre Auguste Renoir Aline Charigot, Renoir s wife

65 The Swing Pierre Auguste Renoir Why shouldn t art be pretty? There are enough unpleasant things in the world. Pierre Auguste Renoir While other artists used black to create shadows in their paintings, Renoir used purple. The 3 adults featured in this painting can also be found in Renoir s, Dance at the Moulin de la Galette.

66 Young Girls at the Piano Pierre Auguste Renoir

67 Sculpture: Mrs. Aline Renoir Pierre Auguste Renoir

68 Portrait of Julie Manet (Child with Cat) Pierre Auguste Renoir Julie Manet, was the only child of Berthe Morisot and Eugene Manet (brother of the artist, Edouard Manet) Julie s mom, Berthe Morisot, is known for painting The Cradle.

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70 IMPRESSIONISM: Auguste Rodin Rodin created many studies of the big man. He wanted to sculpture to depict the moment when the author conceived the idea for one of his works. Rodin was given the commission for creating a sculpture to honor the French writer, Honoré de Balzac. After critics made fun of his sculpture wearing a bathrobe Rodin paid back the money he d been given and moved the sculpture to his private garden. Never again did he accept another public commission. Balzac Sculpture by Rodin The sculpture was not cast in bronze until 1939.

71 POST-IMPRESSIONISM: Henri Toulouse-Lautrec on-ree too-loose low-trek Jane Avril (stage name) was the Parisian can-can girl portrayed in the film, Moulin Rouge. She died penniless in Jane Avril Dancing Henri Toulouse-Lautrec Jane Avril is buried at the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. Jane was made famous by Toulouse-Lautrec, who produced advertising posters for the Moulin Rouge and the Jardin de Paris, where she later became the star act.

72 POST-IMPRESSIONISM: Georges Seurat Some say they see Poetry in my paintings. I see only Science. The eye tries to blend colors which overlap. French scientists at the time of Seurat discovered that when 2 colors were placed very close together or overlapping, they would be seen as another color from a distance. This was the theory behind pointillism. Georges Seurat,

73 The Circus Georges Seurat pronounced, sir-ah This was Seurat s last large-scale painting. It was unfinished at his death. Seurat, who used a technique known as pointillism, was best known for his painting, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.

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75 POST-IMPRESSIONISM: Paul Cezanne pronounced say-zonn Cezanne s style of art is seen as a transition between the Impressionists and the 20 th century Cubists. Cezanne wanted to simplify all forms to the sphere, the cylinder and the cone. The Louvre is the book in which we learn to read. When I judge art, I take my painting and put it next to a God-made object like a tree or flower, and if it clashes, it is not art. Self-Portrait, Cezanne

76 The Card Players Paul Cézanne

77 The Blue Vase Paul Cézanne

78 The Lawyer (Uncle Dominique) Paul Cézanne

79 The Hanged Man s House Paul Cézanne

80 Cezanne painted 6 still-life paintings in a series using the same objects. Apples and Oranges Paul Cézanne

81 POST- IMPRESSIONISM: Paul Gauguin pronounced, go-gann Gauguin was known for his use of symbolism in his paintings. Gauguin s bold use of color, influenced by the Japanese and the art of Africa, paved the way for Modern Art. Paul Gauguin

82 Gauguin, who suffered from depression, married a Danish woman and had 5 children. He eventually abandoned his family and his job as a stockbroker and turned to painting full time. Breton Peasant Women Paul Gauguin For a while, Gauguin lived in the Breton region of northwest France. He admired the people there for their simple lives and sincere faith in God. It was there that he painted, Yellow Christ.

83 Breton Peasant Women Paul Gauguin

84 Oh yes! He loved yellow, did good Vincent. When the 2 of us were together in Arles, both of us insane, and contantly at war over beautiful colors, I adored red; where could I find a perfect vermilion? Self-Portrait with Yellow Christ Paul Gauguin Gauguin, who suffered from depression, spent about 9 weeks in 1888 painting with Vincent van Gogh in Arles, France. But they argued and didn t get along. Gauguin returned to Paris before moving to Tahiti in 1891.

85 Self-Portrait with Yellow Christ Paul Gauguin If you see a tree as blue, then make it blue.

86 Self-Portrait Paul Gauguin Gauguin used bold flat planes of primary colors, punctuated with expressive black outlines.

87 Arearea (Joy) Paul Gauguin As in Breton, Gauguin admired the native people of Tahiti for their simple and unspoiled way of life.

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89 Today Gauguin is seen as a founder of Modern Art. Tahitian Women Paul Gauguin Pronounced, go gann

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91 POST- IMPRESSIONISM: Vincent van Gogh Van Gogh painted for only the last 10 years of his life and produced more than 2,000 works of art. Self-portrait

92 This painting was done in Arles, France in The other, more famous Starry Night by Van Gogh was done a year later and now hangs in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Unlike the other Starry Night, this version features people. Starry Night over the Rhone Vincent van Gogh

93 Dance Hall in Arles Vincent van Gogh

94 This smaller version of the painting was created by Van Gogh for his mother and sister. Bedroom at Arles Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh created 3 versions of this work. One hangs in Amsterdam at the Van Gogh Museum, and one is at the Art Institute of Chicago.

95 Dr. Paul Gachet Vincent van Gogh Dr. Gachet was a psychiatrist who treated Vincent Van Gogh in the town of Auvers-sur-Oise, France the village where the artist ended his life.

96 Dr. Gachet s Garden Vincent van Gogh

97 The Church in Auvers-sur-Oise Vincent van Gogh Notre Dame D Auvers 12 th -13 th century Gothic church During his youth, van Gogh had studied unsuccessfully to become a pastor. To him, the dark emptiness inside a church symbolized empty and unenlightened preaching. Just up the hill and behind the church, Vincent is buried next to his brother, Theo.

98 Gothic style church as it appears today Notice pointed arch windows. Church in Auvers-sur-Oise Vincent van Gogh

99 His art is not exactly traditional and not exactly modern but seems to be in a category of its own. POST- IMPRESSIONISM: Henri Rousseau (on-ree roo-sō) La Guerre (The War) (pronounced lah gare) Henri Rousseau Rousseau was admired by 20 th century artists, Kandinsky & Picasso.

100 War is shown as a woman dressed in white riding on a horse. Notice that everywhere war has been, there is death & destruction. La Guerre (The War) Henri Rousseau

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102 Rosebushes under the Trees Gustav Klimt POST- IMPRESSIONISM: Gustav Klimt Klimt is best known for his painting entitled, The Kiss.

103 Rosebushes under the Trees Gustav Klimt

104 Road to Calvary Maurice Denis (maw-reese deh-nee) Maurice Denis was a French painter born in Normandy. At age 15, Denis wrote: Yes, it s necessary that I am a Christian painter, that I celebrate all the miracles of Christianity, I feel it s necessary.

105 How will you feel when you ve seen all there is to see at the Musee d Orsay? Despair Jean-Joseph Perraud