ebooks: New pricing models and access S Veldsman eifl Content Manager

Transcription

1 ebooks: New pricing models and access S Veldsman eifl Content Manager

2 Overview Introductory remarks Types of e-books Students and researchers view of e-books Acquisition Use, growth, costs Challenges

3 Changing learning and scholarship The e-book phenomenon and the way it will change learning, scholarship and our understanding and use of knowledge Change which is hard Complexity Formats & Delivery Mechanisms & Devices & Business Models Students & Academics Discovery, Access, Textbooks, Collaboration Libraries Selection, Acquisition, Aggregation, Delivery

4 Different Types of E-books Reference service via web browser VIEW page-by-page viewing mainly pdf mainly licensed to libraries Basic e-book download HAVE purchase or loan multiple formats E-book download with added value USE and added security rich content mainly textbooks Audio-book HEAR

5 It s quite complicated Many types of material Trade, Reference, Textbook, Journal In many repositories Many types of format and DRM epdf, ppdf, OEB, Lit, Mobi, MP3, MP4 Many distribution channels wholesale, physical retail, online retail, publisher websites, library suppliers, library consortia, libraries, friends, thieves Many economic models perpetual, subscription, loan, pay-per-view, single/multi Many platforms websites, browser-based platforms, computers, PDAs, e-book readers, phones, players

6 Students Discovery & Access E-Books deliver full-text searching but most e-books are found via MARC records E-Books are increasingly visible in the popular search environments but librarians hate Google E-Books have the potential to be illuminated through Web 2.0 social networking and collaborative initiatives but librarians and publishers both fear loss of control Students want anywhere, anytime, every medium...but librarians and publishers both fear loss of control and end-user experience is still inadequate

7 Full Text Discovery Access Anytime Anywhere Access to a much wider world of knowledge Hundreds of books in hand Millions of books accessible Access to smaller units of knowledge Reference access Separation of content from container Repurposing and redeployment Integration and connections Backward and forward citations Hyper linking between books Integration with journals Integration with courseware Semantic linking Pop-up serendipity Academics and teachers

8 Libraries - E-book Acquisition Today, most e-books are sold, not bought Need to demonstrate technology Need to show benefits Need to evidence content Need to negotiate price Need to show benefits of change But in the next phase, e-books will be bought lower cost of sale lower margins less added-value the winners will have scale, trust, technology,

9 Libraries E-book Acquisition Libraries are buying e-books in different ways One-off purchases of e-book collections Title-by-title purchases through established suppliers Selection by e-book specialists Selection by subject specialists Selection by e-journal specialists Perpetual licences Subscriptions Purchase from publishers Purchase from aggregators

10 Benefits of an Aggregated Platform cross-publisher searching cross-content linking (not yet but one day) opportunity to buy cross-publisher subject-based collections representation of collective librarian interests to publishers publisher-independent volume discounts (maybe) consistent end-user interfaces and access rules consistent metadata better (single-point) integration

11 Top 10 Electronic vs. Print University of Toronto Usage of online books is different compared to print Electronic Sessions Print Print Title Copies Loans Genesis: The Evolution of Biology World Music: The Basics Modern South Asia Neuroendocrinology: An Integrative Approach Analysis of Financial Time Series Scientific Realism: How Science Tracks Truth Differential Equations and Mathematical Biology Reinterpreting the End of the Cold War Generalized, Linear, and Mixed Models The Archaeology of Medieval Ireland

12 Numerous studies demonstrate the growing popularity of online books Source: 1. Global Faculty ebook Survey 2007 (E-brary); 2. Elsevier ebook User Survey 2007 (Monitor Group) Professors, Researchers, Students

13 Access! Access! Access! No restrictions Multiple users Simultaneous access Most reliable Durable links means All your students and researchers can access the content they need when they need it Buy just one copy of core texts to serve an entire faculty Full downloading rights Full printing rights means Students and researchers can be as efficient and effective as possible Source: 1. Elsevier ScienceDirect Benchmarking Study, 2006

14 Online books usage has also increased dramatically over the years 90 14,000,000 Full Text Downloads for Books 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 Other Medical Government 8,6M downloads are directly related to the May07 - Aug07 Ebook trial period ,000,000 Corporate Academic 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 TOTAL YEAR 2005 TOTAL YEAR 2006 TOTAL YEAR 2007 YTD JUL T o p 1 0 * B o o k U s a g e c o u n t r i e s Y T D J U L U N I T E D S T A T E S 7 4 6, A U S T R A L I A 4 1 3, S P A I N 1 5 6, T U R K E Y 1 4 8, M A L A Y S I A 1 3 0, U N I T E D K I N G D O M 1 1 8, I R A N 1 1 7, C A N A D A 1 1 4, F R A N C E 9 0, I N D I A 8 7, T O T A L T O P 1 0 2, 1 2 4, = S O U T H A F R I C A 2, Source: ScienceDirect Usage Research Data 2008

15 Overall Cost Per Use development for ScienceDirect Customers Journals: Cost per Article/use in $ on ScienceDirect $8.00 $7.00 $6.00 Cost _ per_ Use= Costs Usage CpA $5.00 $4.00 $3.00 Approx. $2 per article $2.00 $1.00 Books: Cost per chapter/use in $ on SD $ Note: -Document delivery of book chapter via the British Library: $30 - Paper View on ScienceDirect: $30 Approx. $2 per chapter

16 Online books are cost effective & become more cost-effective over time University of Texas study demonstrates: Online books cost per use is between 25 - $4.80. (but less ongoing cost, so total cost-per-use decrease with every passing year) Printed Books cost per use is between $ $ (but with higher ongoing costs: heating / cooling / shelving / maintenance costs) Source, Dennis Dillon, University of Texas Ebook Study, 2007

17 E-Books summary Substantially much more cost effective than print Generates higher usage than print Optimize access and discoverability Cross links with other online content for a more dynamic research experience

18 What challenges are being faced by Attitude towards e-books libraries? Skepticism and acceptance of paradigm shift Forget about traditional book reading model- e- books are about fast/easy access to info than reading and entire novel online e-books are for use rather than reading, not aimed at librarians but at professionals that would like to use info

19 What challenges are being faced by libraries? (2) Budgeting and acquisitions Embrace a new role look creatively at budgets Separate book and journal budget, or one digital/electronic/eresearch budget Collections vs pick-a mix Who selects books Strategic decision does it fit into our collection development policies

20 Accessibility What challenges are being faced by libraries? (3) Have we re-skilled our librarians to cope with e- demands Are we interlinking/intertwining e-resources on our web site to have seamless access vie web site? Have we googlized access to our information

21 What challenges are being faced by libraries?(4) Publisher pricing Still far too expensive Purchase of a few subject collection, funds are depleted (just one publisher!) Collections are big, specialised and out of the reach of most libraries Locks us up with one publisher with whom we already have huge expenditures already Lack of flexibility Publishers climb in, damage collection opportunities in dev countries,

22 Conclusions Teaching and Learning will be transformed through: Availability of more information in accessible formats Enriched student experience through multimedia textbooks Integration of books into courseware Facilitation of distance learning and self-paced learning Scholarship will be transformed through: Access to a wider world of information Automated linking and integration Libraries will be transformed through: Provision of access to a wider world of knowledge Increasing responsibilities to acquire and organise information A new role in integration and facilitation

23 Conclusions (2) Elements that make an e-book market viable still not in place More considerations toward content to be given Single titles vs critical mass of titles Pricing Disaggregating of the printed book package into more markable parts e.g. chapters Change in library procedures and policies for acquiring books