Facilitating the discovery of free online content: the librarian perspective. June Open Access Author Survey March
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1 Facilitating the discovery of free online content: the librarian perspective June 2013 Open Access Author Survey March
2 Acknowledgements This research was carried out on behalf of Taylor & Francis by TBI Communications Limited and the results have been presented in this report by Will Frass, Research Executive, Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis / Routledge. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted. The authors would like to acknowledge the use of icons from the Nuvola icon set from Wikimedia commons which are available under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. Open Access Author Survey March
3 Contents Survey Methodology... 3 Introduction to the Survey... 4 The value of free online content... 4 Discovery of free online content... 8 Future Outlook Demographics Survey Methodology Details of the population surveyed The survey was conducted on behalf of Taylor & Francis by TBI Communications Limited. Librarians were invited to complete the survey in s distributed via Library List Servers and sent directly to Taylor & Francis library customers. Survey design The themes and areas of study that were of the greatest relevance and importance to librarians were identified in the preliminary stages of the research by initial telephone interviews to our Library and Information Science editors based in United States and then questionnaires that were distributed at the Annual Charleston Conference in This information was used to inform our discussion guide for three focus groups in the United Kingdom, five focus groups in the United States and telephone interviews with British librarians. Finally, based on the outcomes of the focus groups and further telephone interviews, the survey questions that follow were devised in order to address all the topics of relevance and importance. Responses to survey s were sent to various distribution lists inviting librarians to complete the survey: Estimated population of librarians subscribed to distribution lists 5,000 Responses to Survey 521 Complete Responses to Survey 420 Open Access Author Survey March
4 Introduction to the Survey This survey is being carried out by Taylor & Francis to inform a forthcoming white paper. The white paper will explore the challenges librarians face in helping their users to understand and realise the value of the increasing quantity of content that is freely available to read, including Open Access (OA) journals, repositories, blogs and wikis. During this survey, participants should interpret the term 'facilitating discovery' to mean how librarians help their researchers to navigate non- purchased content including wider web and mobile services such as search engines and social media using the library's catalogue and other tools / systems. Please note, any comments you make in the survey will be kept anonymous. You will be offered the opportunity to enter our free draw to win a Kindle Fire at the end of the survey. Terms and conditions apply. Section 1 The value of free online content In your opinion, which kinds of free online content are most useful for your various user communities? (Please rate how useful on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is not at all useful and 10 is extremely useful) Respondents OA: 499 Other: 497 Types of Open Access (OA) journal: 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% Gold OA journals (article is made freely available online without delay) 67% 4% Green OA journals (deposit of the Author Accepted Manuscript in an institutional or subject repository) 32% 1 7% 4% Hybrid OA journals (a subscription journal that offers a Gold OA option to authors, usually on payment of an Article Processing Charge) 9% 9% 6% 6% 6% Delayed OA journals (subscription content is made freely available online after an embargo period) 17% 17% 5% 7% 4% 7% Open Access Author Survey March
5 Other types of free online content: 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% OA books / monographs 47% 16% 5% 3% Institutional repositories 37% 7% Subject repositories 34% 21% 7% 5% Open data 36% 1 16% 6% 7% Mobile apps 17% 7% 6% 4% 3% Podcasts and videos 20% 6% 5% 3% 4% Other social media 9% 7% 6% 5% 6% Blogs 9% 16% 7% 7% 4% 4% Forums and discussion groups 9% 1 4% 3% Wikis 7% 16% 9% 4% 4% Open Access Author Survey March
6 In your opinion, how useful is free online content to users in each of the following subject areas? (Please rate how useful it is in each subject area on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is not at all useful and 10 is extremely useful) 495 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Science 59% 4% 2% 4% Technology 57% 16% 6% 3% 3% Medicine 59% 5% 2% 5% Social Science 45% 17% 3% 4% Humanities 42% 1 4% 4% 3% 1% Law 43% 7% 6% 6% 3% Are you aware of automatic or human validated cataloguing and indexing systems that cover free online resources, and if so which do you use? (Please select all that apply) Aware of Make use of Google DOAJ MARC OAISTER PEDro Open Access Author Survey March
7 Do you have an institutional repository? 520 Does your library currently help users find free content? 501 No 35% No 6% Yes 65% Yes 94% Do you agree or disagree with the following statements about free online content? 501 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% Free online content adds value to the research process 53% 39% 6% Librarians are ideally placed to become specialists in assessing the value of free resources 54% 36% 7% It would benefit institutions to invest more resources in surfacing free online content 33% 50% Free online content is likely to become at least as important to our users as paid - for content in 3 41% 6% Users appreciate the work of the library in selecting and buying quality paid - for resources 20% 53% 16% 9% User - generated content (e.g. discussion forums and social media) will become more important 47% 2 Paid - for content is of greatest value to the research process 1 33% 26% Academic authors prefer their work to be protected by licences, rather than freely available 7% 21% 3 26% Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree Open Access Author Survey March
8 Section 2 Discovery of free online content How do you currently make free content visible to users? (Please select all that apply) % 63% 60% 50% 40% 53% 4 42% 30% 20% 0% Link to free content from your library's website Promote use of Google or Google Scholar Index free content in your library's catalogue Incorporate free content in federated / discovery search tools Create social media archives How do you help your researchers to recognise the quality and relevance of free online resources at your library? (Please select all that apply) % 60% 50% 40% 52% 45% 30% 20% 23% 0% Collaborate with teaching / research staff to provide information science service Offer training courses Provide guidance via posters / leaflets Open Access Author Survey March
9 In helping your users to recognize the quality and relevance of free online content, does your library's training program cover any of the following topics? (Please select all that apply for the relevant levels of researcher for which training is provided) % 50% 40% 30% 20% How to distinguish which free online resources are trustworthy 53% 42% 26% How to find free content in the library catalogue 60% 50% 40% 32% 30% 25% 20% 17% 0% Postgraduate Faculty How to use Google or Google Scholar for your research 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 4 42% 2 0% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% Undergraduate Undergraduate Postgraduate Faculty Strategic / intelligent reading to assess large volumes of information 23% 0% Postgraduate Faculty 0% Undergraduate Undergraduate Postgraduate Faculty Our library doesn't provide training Other topics that help users discover and use free online content 60% 60% 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 7% 6% 7% 20% 17% 17% 0% Postgraduate Faculty 0% Undergraduate Undergraduate Postgraduate Faculty Open Access Author Survey March
10 What proportion of your cataloguing time is taken up with facilitating discovery of free online resources as opposed to paid-for resources? (Please select at least one. If this is not something you do, please select none ) 395 What criteria do you use when prioritising which free content to make available and visible to your library users? (Please rate how important you consider each of the following factors to be on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is least important and 10 is most important) 387 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% The content enriches the knowledge available to users 35% 25% 21% 6% The content provides primary source information for users 33% 23% 5% 6% The content is more current for users 24% 16% 26% 6% Free content helps the work of authors at your institution get discovered 16% Accessibility of free content helps us to meet an institutional target 7% 6% 5% 7% Open Access Author Survey March
11 What motivates you to make free online content discoverable; what has the greatest influence on your decision? (Please rate your answers, on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 has least influence over your decision and 10 has most influence) 389 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Relevance to your course / research programme 43% 24% 16% 6% 5% 3% Reputation of list / index (e.g. DOAJ) 27% 22% 5% 5% Faculty requests 30% 16% 7% 9% 4% 5% Reputation of publisher 27% 23% 6% 7% Expected permanence of content 24% 1 7% 5% Reputation of author 22% 4% Free of any re - use restrictions 20% 16% 5% 4% Relevance to current affairs 21% 9% 5% 3% Student requests 1 9% 4% 4% 5% 7% Open Access Author Survey March
12 How much responsibility does each of the following have for facilitating discovery of free online content in your institution? 416 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Librarians 62% 24% Faculty members 71% Service / Technology Providers 52% 34% Publishers 7% 46% 46% Users 6% 64% 2 All Majority Some None Open Access Author Survey March
13 What are the issues related to increasing awareness and discoverability of free online content at your library? (Please rate how challenging each issue is on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is not at all challenging and 10 is extremely challenging) 416 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% Unknown permanence 21% 1 21% 4% Growing volume of free material 21% 9% Difficult to ensure free content is adequately archived 22% 3% Lack of library resources 16% 5% 5% 4% 5% Harder to identify quality 16% 7% 6% Lack of usage measurement for example statistics 17% 5% 5% Difficult to assess its value 9% 20% 6% 7% System restrictions on indexing / cataloguing 5% 7% 17% Lack of library skills to identify potential value 9% 9% 9% Open Access Author Survey March
14 What is the greatest challenge to librarians surrounding free content? Content 54 Cataloguing 40 Librarians 34 Patrons Identifying quality content 42 Availability 5 Open Access Vast 43 quantity of content 24 Making free content discoverable 25 Attitudes towards free content 27 Permanence of free content Digital curation of free content Time constraints Justifying the continued existence of librarians Lack of library resources Copyright issues 3 Unscrupulous Publishers 4 Hybrid journals 5 5 Free status changing Training patrons about free content 9 Tracking changes to access URLs Open Access Author Survey March
15 Greater use of DOIs Provide usage statistics Improve publisher platforms Improve quality of free content Track changes to version of record Better integration of grey literature Stop using free content as an advert for paid-for content Besides the following activities: Ensure free content is adequately archived Improve metadata relating to access and licencing Improve integration with link resolvers Provide better guidelines / communication Ensure free content is easy to reference Provide a website that easily identifies free content 74 Is there anything else that publishers could do to improve discoverability of free online content? Explicitly label free content Improve use of link resolvers 2 Add OA to metadata 3 Don t restrict depositing articles in repositories Integration of free and paid-for content Decouple 5 Greater free content collaboration Greater from Hybrid with discovery standardisation journals systems 4 Expand the range of OA journals Improve Google ranking Greater use of MARC records Improve metadata Reduce prices Remove Embargo Advertise free content to end-users 5 Content 54 Cataloguing 1 Availability 8 Open Access 5 Patrons 5 Publishers Open Access Author Survey March
16 Section 3 Future Outlook Has your library implemented, or is it planning to implement, any of the following services? (Please select as appropriate) 413 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Off - campus access 8 7% 5% Promotion of library services and training 83% 3% Use of social media by library staff 74% Online support for users 71% 17% Usage data analysis 61% 26% More training for users 52% 35% Mobile services 49% 32% Inter or Intra library repository 49% 1 33% Improved user interface for library website 4 42% 9% Research into user needs / requirements 44% 35% 22% User experience research to guide service improvement 40% 32% 2 Improved cataloguing systems 3 35% 27% Peripheral services e.g. cafe 3 49% Implemented Planned No plans for implementation Open Access Author Survey March
17 Section 4 Demographics What best describes your primary job role? 402 Primary job role Respondents Percentage Reference or research librarian % Director / head / general librarian % Subject specific librarian % Digital / electronic resources librarian % Technical service librarian % Collections development librarian % Assistant librarian / administrator % Systems librarian % Consultant / advisor 9 2.2% Acquisitions librarian 7 1.7% What best describes the type of institution for which you work? 398 Type of institution Respondents Percentage Academic % Medical % Public % Government % Corporate 5 1.3% Charity 3 0. Association 1 0.3% Consortia 1 0.3% What is the size of your user community? 402 Size of user community Respondents Percentage FTE 20 5% FTE 26 6% FTE 25 6% FTE FTE FTE % Open Access Author Survey March
18 In which country are you based? 402 Country Respondents Percentages Country Respondents Percentages United States % Costa Rica 1 0.3% United Kingdom % Cyprus 1 0.3% Canada % Denmark 1 0.3% Ireland 9 2.4% France 1 0.3% Jamaica 8 2.1% Ghana 1 0.3% New Zealand 5 1.3% Indonesia 1 0.3% Australia 4 1.0% Iran 1 0.3% Brazil 3 0. Lebanon 1 0.3% India 3 0. Malaysia 1 0.3% Italy 3 0. Netherlands 1 0.3% Philippines 3 0. Norway 1 0.3% Finland 2 0.5% Portugal 1 0.3% Germany 2 0.5% Singapore 1 0.3% Mexico 2 0.5% Spain 1 0.3% Nigeria 2 0.5% Sweden 1 0.3% South Africa 2 0.5% Switzerland 1 0.3% Afghanistan 1 0.3% Tanzania 1 0.3% Austria 1 0.3% Ukraine 1 0.3% Bahamas 1 0.3% United Arab Emirates 1 0.3% Belgium 1 0.3% Zambia 1 0.3% Does your institution have a specific subject focus? (Please tick all that apply) No specific subject focus 219 Social Science Science Medicine Humanities Technology Law 54 Business & Economics* Arts* Public Health & Social Care* Education* Respondents typing something into Other, please specify have been categorised into the last 4 categories denoted * Open Access Author Survey March
19 Appendix Copy of the Survey Open Access Author Survey March
20 Facilitating discovery of free online content This survey is being carried out by Taylor & Francis to inform a forthcoming white paper. The white paper will explore the challenges librarians face in helping their users to understand and realise the value of the increasing quantity of content that is freely available to read, including Open Access (OA) journals, repositories, blogs and wikis. During this survey, participants should interpret the term 'facilitating discovery' to mean how librarians help their researchers to navigate non-purchased content including wider web and mobile services such as search engines and social media using the library's catalogue and other tools / systems. Please note, any comments you make in the survey will be kept anonymous. You will be offered the opportunity to enter our free draw to win a Kindle Fire at the end of the survey. Terms and conditions apply. Page 1
21 Facilitating discovery of free online content The value of free online content In your opinion, which kinds of free online content are most useful for your various user communities? (Please rate how useful on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is not at all useful and 10 is extremely useful) 1. Types of Open Access (OA) journal: Gold OA journals (article is made freely available online without delay) Hybrid OA journals (a subscription journal that offers a Gold OA option to authors, usually on payment of an Article Processing Charge) Green OA journals (deposit of the Author Accepted Manuscript in an institutional or subject repository) Delayed OA journals (subscription content is made freely available online after an embargo period) 2. Other types of free online content: OA books / monographs Subject repositories Institutional repositories Open data Blogs Wikis Forums and discussion groups Podcasts and videos Mobile apps Other social media Other (please specify) Page 2
22 Facilitating discovery of free online content 3. In your opinion, how useful is free online content to users in each of the following subject areas? (Please rate how useful it is in each subject area on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is not at all useful and 10 is extremely useful) Science Technology Medicine Social Science Humanities Law Other subjects (please comment) No opinion 4. Are you aware of automatic or human validated cataloguing and indexing systems that cover free online resources, and if so which do you use? (Please select all that apply) Aware of Google DOAJ OAISTER PEDRO MARC edit software Please list any other systems you know of: Use * 5. Do you have an institutional repository? (Please choose one option) Yes No Page 3
23 Facilitating discovery of free online content * 6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements about free online content? Options: Strongly agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly disagree Free online content adds value to the research process Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree Paid-for content is of greatest value to the research process Users appreciate the work of the library in selecting and buying quality paid-for resources Academic authors prefer their work to be protected by licences, rather than freely available User-generated content (e.g. discussion forums and social media) will become more important for all subject areas in scholarly communication Free online content is likely to become at least as important to our users as paid-for content in the future It would benefit institutions to invest more resources in surfacing free online content Librarians are ideally placed to become specialists in assessing the value of free resources * 7. Does your library currently help users find free content? (Please choose one option) Yes, we help our users find free content No, we only facilitate discovery of paid-for content Page 4
24 Facilitating discovery of free online content Discovery of free online content * 8. How do you currently make free content visible to users? (Please select all that apply) Link to free content from your library's website Index free content in your library's catalogue Create social media archives Incorporate free content in federated / discovery search tools Promote use of Google or Google Scholar Other (please specify) 9. How do you help your researchers to recognise the quality and relevance of free online resources at your library? (Please select all that apply) Provide guidance via posters / leaflets Offer training courses Collaborate with teaching / research staff to provide information science service Other (please specify) 10. In helping your users to recognize the quality and relevance of free online content, does your library's training program cover any of the following topics? (Please select all that apply for the relevant levels of researcher for which training is provided) How to distinguish which free online resources are trustworthy Undergraduate Postgraduate Faculty How to find free content in the library catalogue How to use Google or Google Scholar for your research Strategic / intelligent reading to assess large volumes of information Our library doesn't provide training Other topics that help users discover and use free online content Please specify Page 5
25 Facilitating discovery of free online content 11. What proportion of your cataloguing time is taken up with facilitating discovery of free online resources as opposed to paid-for resources? (Please select at least one. If this is not something you do, please select none ) None or less 11-30% 31-50% 51-80% Over 80% 12. What criteria do you use when prioritising which free content to make available and visible to your library users? (Please rate how important you consider each of the following factors to be on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is least important and 10 is most important) The content is more current for users The content provides primary source information for users The content enriches the knowledge available to users Free content helps the work of authors at your institution get discovered Accessibility of free content helps us to meet an institutional target What other benefits do you consider important? (please specify) Page 6
26 Facilitating discovery of free online content 13. What motivates you to make free online content discoverable;; what has the greatest influence on your decision? (Please rate your answers, on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 has least influence over your decision and 10 has most influence) Student requests Faculty requests Expected permanence of content Reputation of publisher Reputation of list / index (e.g. DOAJ) Reputation of author Relevance to current affairs Relevance to your course / research programme Free of any re-use restrictions 14. How much responsibility does each of the following have for facilitating discovery of free online content in your institution? None Some Majority All Librarians Faculty members Users Publishers Service / Technology Providers Page 7
27 Facilitating discovery of free online content 15. What are the issues related to increasing awareness and discoverability of free online content at your library? (Please rate how challenging each issue is on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is not at all challenging and 10 is extremely challenging) Harder to identify quality Difficult to assess its value Difficult to ensure free content is adequately archived Unknown permanence Growing volume of free material Lack of library resources Lack of library skills to identify potential value Lack of usage measurement for example statistics System restrictions on indexing / cataloguing What other challenges do you consider important? (please specify) 16. What is the greatest challenge to librarians surrounding free content? * 17. Of the activities that publishers can do to help you improve discoverability and usefulness of free online content, which would be most important to you? (Please rate the importance to you on a scale of 1 to 10, where '1' is of the greatest importance to you and '10' is of the least importance to you) Ensure free content is adequately archived Improve metadata relating to access and licencing Improve integration with link resolvers Provide better guidelines / communication Ensure free content is easy to reference Provide a website that easily identifies free content Page 8
28 Facilitating discovery of free online content 18. Is there anything else that publishers could do to improve discoverability of free online content? (please include an indication of relative importance, if so) Page 9
29 Facilitating discovery of free online content Future Outlook 19. Has your library implemented, or is it planning to implement, any of the following services? (Please select as appropriate) Implemented Planned No plans for implementation Improved cataloguing systems Improved user interface for library website Peripheral services e.g. cafe More training for users User experience research to guide service improvement Inter or Intra library repository Research into user needs / requirements Usage data analysis Mobile services Online support for users Off-campus access Promotion of library services and training Use of social media by library staff Page 10
30 Facilitating discovery of free online content Demographics * 20. What best describes your primary job role? Acquisitions librarian Subject specific librarian Reference or research librarian Digital / electronic resources librarian Technical service librarian Systems librarian Collections development librarian Assistant librarian / administrator Director / head / general librarian Consultant / advisor Other librarian (please specify) 21. What best describes the type of institution for which you work? Academic Medical Government Corporate Public Other (please specify) * 22. What is the size of your user community? FTE FTE FTE FTE FTE FTE * 23. In which country are you based? I am based in: Please select a country. Page 11
31 Facilitating discovery of free online content 24. Does your institution have a specific subject focus? (Please tick all that apply) No Yes - Science Yes - Technology Yes - Medicine Yes - Humanities Yes - Social Science Yes - Law Yes - Other (please specify) 25. The results of this research will be published in a white paper, which will be available on our website ( later this year. Please indicate below if you would like to receive an when the white paper becomes available and/or if you would like to enter the prize draw. (If you select either of these options please provide your address in the box below and click here for full terms and conditions.) I would like to receive an when the white paper becomes available I would like to enter the free prize draw for a Kindle Fire address: Thank you for completing our survey;; we look forward to sharing the results with the library community. Page 12
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