THE INDICATORS DEVELOPED BY CRIME&TECH

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1 RISK INDICATORS

2 RISK INDICATORS THE INDICATORS DEVELOPED BY CRIME&TECH Provide a synthetic measure of a variety of criminal risks. Combine information gathered from different data sources (e.g. administrative statistics, judicial files, official reports). Use the methodology explored and consolidated by Transcrime-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in previous research projects. Cover both territories and business sectors. Can be easily transformed into maps and charts. Turn complexity into simple tools to support decision-making and security management. THE INDICATORS CAN BE USED BY MANY PLAYERS FOR MANY PURPOSES Private companies to map the risks of the areas where to establish new plants, premises or stores. Banks and professionals to assess the risk of clients in AML customer due diligence activities. Public institutions (e.g. government offices, local administrations) to monitor the risk of public tenders and procurement. Law enforcement agencies to allocate resources more effectively. Insurance companies to improve the calculation of insurance policies and premiums. Businesses to assess the security level of the territories where their goods, employees and managers move or operate. Information providers to enrich their data-portfolio with indicators on security and crime.

3 IPM CRIME&TECH RISK INDICATORS MEASURE MAFIA PRESENCE RISK INDICATORS OCI-T OCI-S ORGANISED CRIME INFILTRATION IN BUSINESSES VCI-T VIOLENT CRIMES CAP-T CAP-VEHICLE CAP-HOUSE CAP- TRANSPORT CRIME AGAINST PROPERTY CAP-STREET CAP- BUSINESS More details in the following pages. The indicators can be purchased and accessed directly through the restricted area of Crime&tech website: *OCI-S and OCI-T are provided also through Bureau van Dijk AIDA.

4 RISK INDICATORS IPM MAFIA PRESENCE INDICATOR The mafia presence indicator (IPM) measures the presence of mafia groups in Italy at municipal level. The IPM is a composite indicator (scale ) that combines crime data, intelligence information and evidence of infiltration at the economic and political level by Italian mafia groups. LEVEL Municipal, OCI-T INDICATOR OF ORGANISED CRIME INFILTRATION IN THE LEGITIMATE ECONOMY TERRITORIES OCI-T is a composite indicator (scale 1-100) which measures the level of infiltration of organised crime groups in the legitimate economy of Italy s 20 regions and 110 provinces, with a focus on infiltration in legitimate businesses and public administration. It combines statistics on seized and confiscated companies, data on public bodies dismantled for mafia association and other data taken from law enforcement reports. OCI-S INDICATOR OF ORGANISED CRIME INFILTRATION IN THE LEGITIMATE ECONOMY BUSINESS SECTORS OCI-S is a composite indicator (scale 1-100) which measures the level of infiltration of organised crime groups across the business sectors of the legitimate economy in Italy. It combines statistics on seized and confiscated companies and other data taken from law enforcement reports. Italy - Business sectors NACE Rev. 2 (2008) Sections (1-digit), Divisions (2-digit) and Groups (3-digit).

5 RISK INDICATORS CAP-T INDICATOR OF CRIME AGAINST PROPERTY CAP-T is a composite indicator (scale 1-100) which measures the level of crime against property in Italy s 20 regions and 110 provinces. It combines administrative statistics on a variety of property crimes (e.g. thefts, crimes against houses, robberies against commercial businesses and transports, pickpocketing, etc), adjusted in order to correct for the dark number and the different propensities to report offences to the police depending on the territory and on the crime-type. It is composed of five sub-indicators (CAP-HOUSE, CAP-BUSINESS, CAP-STREET, CAP-TRANSPORT and CAP-VEHICLE, see below). RISK INDICATORS INDICATOR OF CRIME AGAINST PRIVATE HOUSES CAP-HOUSE CAP-HOUSE is a composite indicator (scale 1-100) which measures the level of crime against private houses (e.g. domestic burglaries) in Italy s 20 regions and 110 provinces. It is one of the five sub-indicators composing CAP-T, the composite indicator of crimes against property (see above). It combines administrative statistics on a variety of crime against private houses (e.g. burglaries and robberies), adjusted in order to correct for the dark number and the different propensities to report to the police. INDICATOR OF STREET CRIME CAP-STREET CAP-STREET is a composite indicator (scale 1-100) which measures the level of street crimes in Italy s 20 regions and 110 provinces. It is one of the five sub-indicators composing CAP-T, the composite indicator of crimes against property (see above). It combines administrative statistics on a variety of street crime (e.g. bag-snatching, pickpocketing, street robberies), adjusted in order to correct for the dark number and the different propensities to report to the police.

6 RISK INDICATORS RISK INDICATORS CAP-VEHICLE INDICATOR OF CRIME AGAINST VEHICLES CAP-VEHICLE is a composite indicator (scale 1-100) which measures the level of crime against vehicles in Italy s 20 regions and 110 provinces. It is one of the five sub-indicators composing CAP-T, the composite indicator of crimes against property (see above). It combines data on a variety of crimes (e.g. theft of cars, theft from cars, theft of scooters and motorcycles), adjusted in order to correct for the dark number and the different propensities to report to the police. CAP- TRANSPORT INDICATOR OF CRIME AGAINST TRANSPORT CAP-TRANSPORT is a composite indicator (scale 1-100) which measures the level of crime against transport in Italy s 20 regions and 110 provinces. It is one of the five sub-indicators composing CAP-T, the composite indicator of crimes against property (see above). It combines administrative statistics on a variety of crimes (e.g. cargo theft and robbery, robbery of armoured bank vans and post vans), adjusted in order to correct for the dark number and the different propensities to report to the police. CAP- BUSINESS INDICATOR OF CRIME AGAINST COMMERCIAL BUSINESSES CAP-BUSINESS is a composite indicator (scale 1-100) which measures the level of crimes against commercial businesses in Italy s 20 regions and 110 provinces. It is one of the five sub-indicators composing CAP-T, the composite indicator of crimes against property (see above). It combines administrative statistics on a variety of crimes against commercial businesses (e.g. thefts, robberies, etc), adjusted in order to correct for the dark number and the different propensities to report to the police.

7 VCI-T INDICATOR OF VIOLENT CRIMES VCI-T is a composite indicator (scale 1-100) which measures the level of violent crimes in Italy s 20 regions and 110 provinces. It combines administrative statistics on a variety of violent crimes (e.g. intentional homicides, sexual violence, assaults, kidnapping), adjusted in order to correct for the dark number and the different propensities to report offences to the police. RISK INDICATORS Crime&tech srl ( is the spin-off company founded in 2015 by the Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore and Transcrime Joint Research Centre on Transnational Crime ( Crime&tech transfers the research of Transcrime into tools and models, for both public and private organisations, for the assessment and the prevention of crime and security risks (e.g. risk assessment models for anti-money laundering, anti-corruption, risk indicators and risk maps). The network of partners of Crime&tech Transcrime includes universities, private companies and institutions such as UNODC, UNICRI, European Commission, European Parliament, Europol, Australian Crime Commission, Ministero dell Interno, Ministero dell Economia e delle Finanze and other. Crime&tech staff is composed by multidisciplinary experts (criminology, economics, statistics, IT and law).

8 Crime&tech srl c/o Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Largo Gemelli, Milan Ph: /3716 in