CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

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1 1 Kim CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background There are many various kinds of people around world. Each of them has own country and each country has own language. According to development of modern technology, world is getting globalized. That means, it is not strange thing to communicate with people abroad naturally. In addition, development of modern technology makes the standard of people s living higher. People start to share their leisure time online such as Facebook, You- Tube, Twitter and so on, thus it is no exaggeration to say that we are living in one place inside internet. It is the reason why world needs common language. English is the most common language around world, aside from native speakers of English, lots people who speak other language study and learn English, because English lets various people connect. However, all countries do not speak English as their mother language; it means there are still lots people who do not understand only English or another countries language, we need translation and interpreter. Nowadays people find some shows that make them laugh and they spend their leisure time well, due to higher the standard of people s living. At

2 2 Kim this point, there are many variety [1] shows, which satisfy people s desire. Korea also has lots of variety shows which are loved by various people; not only by Koreans, but also by people abroad. K-pop is getting more famous and bigger, so the programs which K-pop stars play and run become famous and loved by people around world. Running man is one of the most famous Korean variety shows, which is also popular worldwide, including Indonesia. Most of the subtitle of Running man which are spread out on the internet is in English because it is the common language as said above, although many such countries with people who do not understand Korean, they can watch Running man easily. When we read translations, we sometimes encounter texts which are ungrammatical, somehow awkward and unnatural. One of the main causes of this unnaturalness is that the target text does not adhere to the acceptable standards of the target language. It happens mostly due to difficulty providing accurate translations between languages. In order to avoid this, translators should have explicit knowledge of the acceptable standards of the target community and make adjustments in accordance with them. Sometimes, because of the translation problems, viewers who do not understand Korean lose some laughing points of the show. There are many cultural terms which occurred in subtitle Running Man [1] A variety show (Steve Allen Television in United State ), also known as variety arts or variety entertainment, is an entertainment made up of a variety of acts (hence the name), especially musical performances and sketch comedy, and normally introduced by a compere (master of ceremonies) or host. Other types of acts include magic, animal and circus acts, acrobatics, juggling and ventriloquism. The variety format made its way from Victorian era stage to radio to television. Variety shows were a staple of anglophone television from its early days into the 1970s, and lasted into the 1980s. In several parts of the world, variety TV remains popular and widespread.

3 3 Kim Running man (Korean: 런닝맨 ) is a South Korean variety show; a part of SBS's Good Sunday lineup, along with Barefooted Friends. It was first aired on July 11, This show was classified as an "urban action variety"; a never-before-seen new genre of variety shows focused in an urban environment. The MCs and guests complete missions in a landmark to win the race. The show has shifted to a more familiar reality-variety show concept focused on games. It has garnered attention as being the come-back program for Yoo Jaesuk, the main MC of the program, after leaving Good Sunday's Family Outing in February However, Running Man does not have official translation because the channel SBS does not have abroad channel, thus there is no official translation. Running Man is also considered as a reality show, because the MCs usually do act without script. Kshownow.net is one of the most popular websites which provides English subtitles for running man, thus this paper makes use of this site s subtitles. These subtitles are a good source to find some examples of cultural terms. KShowNow (Korean Show Now) is a blog created to provide Korean shows with English subtitles to people who are fond of it. Launched on November 2010, kshownow.net has become the most visited sites that provide Korean shows with English subtitles, indulging to over 1,700,000 unique daily visitors monthly worldwide, gathering 16 million page views per month. This English subtitle is done by both English and Korean native speakers and

4 4 Kim unspontaneous system. That are why Kshownow.net is chosen as a data source of this research. This paper will attempt to uncover the cultural term of subtitle translation, figuring out why the problems occur and give better subtitle translation Research Questions There are 3 research questions ; a. What are the cultural terms in translation Running Man subtitle? b. Is there any translation problem in English Subtitle in Running Man? c. How can the problems be solved? 1.3. Objectives of Research This paper aims: a. To describe the cultural terms in subtitle Running Man b. To explain the reason of cultural term s translation problems/errors c. To describe possible ways to improve the subtitle translation from the cultural terms 1.4. Scope of Research This paper focuses only on 10 episodes of Running Man. The translations for these 10 episodes, which are from episode 119 to episode 128, were taken from Kshownow.net because this is the site which is most popular for Running Man translations.

5 5 Kim 1.5. Literature Review There have been several studies on translation; the first study was done by Nurhasanah (2013). She analyzed translation of cultural terms in the novel Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret into Indonesia in Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia. This study also aims to describe the strategies used by the translator and provide alternative suggestions to solve the non-equivalence problems in translating similes. In her research, there are 134 cultural terms found, and techno-economic system category was the most common problem. This research has some similarity with the research conducted by Hye Seon Lee from Changwon University Korea. She was the author of Error Analysis and Strategies English-Korean Translation (2010). However, there are some differences. The subject she used is the general errors of Korean university students. Lee s paper has shown that difficulties in translation occur and that they occur often. Although the scope of the research is different, this will prove useful in identifying issues which are already known and analyzing the trend. A similar study was conducted by Nurgraheni (2009). In her paper, Nugraheni provides examples of figurative speech translation. She examines some kinds of figurative speech following Reaske s theory and shows the changes of form and meaning in the translation results. However Nurgraheni s research paper depends on Reaske s theory in her research, but in this paper

6 6 Kim there are not only about form and meaning of cultural term s translation but also about how the problems occurred and how it should be formed. Furthermore, there is also a research conducted by Wening (2011), the title is The forms and Translation of Metaphors in Mark twain s The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. Wening s paper is about translation of The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn into Indonesia. However this paper is focus on Korean to English translation in cultural terms. However the theory of translation which is used in both papers has similarity Methods of Research Data source The data were taken from subtitle of the Korean variety shows entitled Running man for 10 episodes from episode 119 to 128. The data sources were chosen based on consideration that Running Man is popular Korean variety show [2] for Indonesian people nowadays and from above episodes, there are many good examples of cultural terms Methods of Data Collection and Data Analysis The data in this research were collected from the subtitles of 10 episodes of Running Man from episode 119 to 128. The 10 episodes of Running Man were chosen based on consideration that episodes had good [2] There is an investigation as a proof that Running Man is a popular Korean variety show for Indonesian people (17-33 years). From 50 Indonesian people randomly chosen, 70% people said that they ever watched Running Man. This investigation is explained in Appendix III.

7 7 Kim examples of translation problems in cultural term. The Methods of collecting data in this research were done by watching this program and choosing the data when the subtitle was occurring translation problem in cultural terms problem. This criterion of cultural term is based on Ke Ping s (1999) categorization. The details of Ke Ping s categorization were explained in chapter II. There were some steps to analysis, Firstly, the dialogue and subtitle between each characters or Korean subtitle which was in Korean from the show on the chosen episodes were read and listened, which meant listen the Korean and read the English subtitle, and understood both Korean speech and English subtitle. Secondly, the dialogues or Korean subtitles which contained cultural terms or cultural term translation problems in translation were chosen and identified. Thirdly, the data based on the types of cultural term which was based on categorization of Ke Ping s theory, in the subtitle were classified into 4 types of Ke Ping s categorization. Fourthly, the chosen data were also identified in terms of the translation strategies of cultural terms which adopts Baker s translation strategies model (1992). And the hence, finally explanation was given why the subtitle had been taken wrong, and made the subtitle be improved Data presentation There were two languages used in this research, one was English and other was Korean. Since Korea has its own character, named 한글 [Hangeul],

8 8 Kim this character needed to be transcribed for reader s easier understanding. Thus, transcription of Korean character in this research was based on The revised Romanization of Korean. It is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea proclaimed by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (7 th July 2000), replacing the older McCune-Reischauer system. The new system eliminates diacritics in favor of digraphs and adheres more closely to Korean phonology than to a suggestive rendition of Korean phonetics for nonnative speakers. The example of the revised Romanization of Korean system will be explained in the appendix page Presentation This paper consists of four chapters. Chapter I presents the introduction of the research, the objectives of research, the scope of research, literature review and method of this research. Chapter II contains a review of previous studies on translation, especially the cultural term in translation and the theoretical background which is applied and directly used in this research. Chapter three contains discusses results of the data analysis in terms of the classification of cultural terms and of the translation strategies of Korean cultural term into English. Finally, Chapter IV describes some conclusion from the discussion in previous chapter.