Balancing Sustainability and Adequacy of Pension Systems: Explore the best designed pension systems in the world

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1 Balancing Sustainability and Adequacy of Pension Systems: Explore the best designed pension systems in the world Michela Coppola Rovinj / October 2015

2 Pension reforms have been constantly on policy agendas Nearly all 34 Introduced pension reforms to achieve sustainability OECD countries 16 of them reformed their systems substantially 2

3 Global shift towards funded pension schemes 1950s 1980s 1990s Singapore (1955) New pension reserve funds -China - South Korea Brazil (1977) Chile (1981) UK (1986) Australia (1992) Peru (1993) Thailand (1997) Mexico (1997) Hungary (1998)* Poland (1999) Hong Kong (2000) Japan (2001) Bulgaria (2002) Croatia (2002) China (2004) India (2004) Chin. Taipei (2005) Slovakia (2005) Austria (2003 & 2005) Belgium (2004) France (2003) Germany (2001) Ireland (2003) UK (2001 & 2012) - France - Spain - Sweden - Norway - Ireland South Korea (2005) Romania (2007) Thailand (2010) - * Factual nationalization of DC pensions in 2010/ pension contributions are turned into taxes, the bulk of the country's HUF2.7trn ( 9.6bn) in second pillar pension assets will be returned to the state treasury 3

4 Funding of pensions schemes is resulting in a total of USD 36 trn. in pension assets around the world 4

5 Decrease in benef it levels in public systems Built up of funded pension systems Shift from DB to DC results in a new weighting of retirement income sources 5

6 But sustainability may not be enough 6

7 To assess the long-term sustainability of a pension system the Pension Sustainability Index (PSI) uses a range of sub-indicators, which encompass parameters for the present status and the future outlook of the system. Demographics Structure of the pension system Public Finances Download the full report Pension Sustainability Index (PSI) 7

8 Download the full report 8

9 Which countries struck the balance? 9

10 Few countries manage to optimize their pension systems on both dimensions Sustainability and Adequacy Learning from the best NL, DK, NO, CH and with reservations the USA 10

11 The characteristics of sound and well-balanced pension systems Fiscal situation Low current and future public pension payments Low level of public debt First Pillar Relatively moderate gross replacement rates and wide coverage Second/third pillar High level of pension assets Transition from work Long working lives and short time spent in retirement: High legal and effective retirement age First Pillar Pension benefits adjusted according to wage growth Second/third pillar High coverage and mandatory/quasi mandatory participation rule. Mandatory annuitization Private non-pension wealth High level of home-ownership and/or high level of financial assets Spending needs Low level of out-of-pocket expenses for health. Sustainability Adequacy 11

12 Where does Croatia stands? PSI ranking RIA ranking 12

13 3 most important factors governments need to take care of Public expenditure for pensions Initiate private retirement savings Ensure high participation and contribution rates Environmental factors TRUST Well funded health and longterm care Labor market for the

14 Framing private retirement savings Compulsory enrollment, Automatic enrollment, Financial incentives, Financial education, Facilitating and simplifying provision/ access/ choice, Possibility of (pre-mature) withdrawals, accessibility in emergency situations Eliminating disincentives created by means-testing Vulnerable groups: Young people, low-to-mid income groups, workers in part-time and precarious work 14

15 Build and maintain trust Poor design of pension system and lagging reforms IN CN TH ID TR BR MY RF MT CY MX SK SI 35 HU Ranking PSI sub-index Pension system LT FR BG 30 HR TW CL RO Lu JP 25 ES CZ IE LV EE 20 KR PL GR BE 15 SG CA AT Good design of pension system and advanced reforms DE US IT PT HK NZ FI UK DK AU CH SE NO 0 5 NL High perceived quality of institutions Ranking institution index* Low perceived quality of institutions *World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Index , Sub Indicator Institutions. 15

16 Balancing Sustainability and Adequacy 16

17 Thank you! Michela Coppola Senior Economist Allianz Asset Management AG Seidlstr a Munich, Germany Phone Fax Thank you! To read PROJECT M just scan the code: 17

18 Backup Click to Master title style

19 Pension Sustainability Index 19

20 Retirement Income Adequacy Indicator 20

21 How trust and the design of pension system are measured Trust Countries have been ranked according to their score on the Institutions sub-indicator of the Global Competitiveness Index produced by the World Economic Forum The sub-indicator provides a syntetic measure to capture the quality of the legal and administrative framework within which individuals firms and government interact Data from a survey of top management business leaders are used to construct the index. Following aspects are considered: PUBLIC INSITUTIONS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS Property rights protection Ethic and corruption Undue Influence Government efficiency Security Corporate ethics Accountability Download the whole report: Pension system design Countries have been ranked according to their score on the sub-indicator Pension design of the Pension Sustainability index, produced by Allianz. This sub-indicators addresses the parameters of national pension systems and their future design, this way capturing to what extent pension systems are able to meet the needs of an aging society Data on the following aspects enter the sub-indicator: Level of pension benefit from 1st pillar and coverage of workforce Legal / effective retirement age Strength of funded pillar and reserve fund (as % of GDP) Change in level of pension benefit Download the whole report: Reforms passed 21

Retirement Readiness. OECD/IOPS GLOBAL FORUM ON PRIVATE PENSIONS - Sydney Nov 2-3

Retirement Readiness. OECD/IOPS GLOBAL FORUM ON PRIVATE PENSIONS - Sydney Nov 2-3 Retirement Readiness OECD/IOPS GLOBAL FORUM ON PRIVATE PENSIONS - Sydney Nov 2-3 Brigitte Miksa, Head of International Pensions, Allianz Global Investors AG November 2010 New funded pension schemes shape