Production of raspberry in greenhouse. The very first Norwegian raspberry in 2014

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1 Production of raspberry in greenhouse Iceland - 14 th November 2014 Åge Jørgensen, Bioforsk Særheim The very first Norwegian raspberry in januar Kweli 1

2 Old Greenhouse => boat-storage. or?? Oppotunities for who wants to try. Like Stig Jakob og Monika Hanasand See the oportunities: Basisproduction: Tomatoes and sheep Try out: Early-producton of raspberry Early-production of strawberry Gardsutsal 2

3 The year-cyclus of the raspberryplant Primo-canes Long-canes Illustrations of the annual growth cycles of annual-fruiting (A) and biennial-fruiting (B) raspberries. The blue colour denotes the vegetative phases and the red colour the reproductive phases of plant development. Longcane Raspberry in Greenhouse new production Start 10. februar 3

4 Gradually increasing the temperature Februar o C 15 o C 12 o C 12 o C 10 o C 8 o C Middeltemp 11,5 o C Resten of the saeson => 18 o C/12 o C Mars o C 18 o C/12 o C 12 o C Middeltemp 14,6 o C 4

5 Bumble-bees important Mean-temp og 2012 Utviklingstadier og temperaturutvikling (døgnmiddel o C) ved Bioforsk Særheim 5

6 Starts in the top Glen Ample Særheim 4. Mai 2011 Glen Ample 12. mai Harvest: Mai 10th July 10th 6

7 Tulameen 3,25 m høge 29.Mai 2012 Cooling down quick til 2 o C Glen Ample Jone Wiig, Klepp 7

8 Unbroken Cooling-chain Nytt kjølelager i

9 Nettwork-group for raspberry in greenhouse: Jone Wiig, Klepp kommune (tomato and cucumber) Ingvild og Arne Torgersen, Finnøy kommune - (tomato) Sofie Bjerga Roth, Finnøy kommune (black-berries) Stig Jakob Hanasand, Rennesøy kommune (tomato) Kjetil Sola Sola kommune (Strawberry, raspberry in poly-tunnels) Geir Joa, Sola kommune (Strawberry, raspberry in poly-tunnels) Producing the longcane Pot-size, plants pr pot, growth-medium Effect of temperature and light-conditon Åge Jørgensen, Bioforsk Særheim 9

10 Start June 11 th plants / 3 l pot 3 plants / 5 l pot 3,0 and 5,0 liter pot 3,0 L 5,0 L 75% Peat 25% Leca 2 plants / 3 l pot Botrytis (18. august) 3 plants => dence, moister 10

11 Botrytis on the stam v/ tett planting Shoot-length by 1, 2, 3 plants pr pot 11

12 Avling (g) pr skot ved 1, 2 el. 3 planter pr. potte Sum avd 1 og avd 2 (i alt 72 skot) A 1 plante pr potte (3 liter) 2 plante pr potte (3 liter) 3 planter pr potte (5 liter) ,0 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1, , plante pr potte 18. mai. 20. mai Bærstorleik (g) ved 1, 2 el. 3 planter pr. potte Sum avd 1 og avd 2 ( i alt 72 skot) 22. mai. 24. mai. 26. mai. 28. mai. 30. mai. 1. jun. 3. jun. 5. jun. 1 plante pr potte (3 liter) 2 plante pr potte (3 liter) 3 planter pr potte (5 liter) Lik bærvekt => Fleire bær ved 1 plante => større avling Jordvolum pr plante? Planteavstand under oppalet? 7. jun. 9. jun. 11. jun. 13. jun. 15. jun. 17. jun. 19. jun. 21. jun. 23. jun. 25. jun. 27. jun. 29. jun. 1. jul. 3. jul. What growth-medium is best? Hypothesis: Rough peat + 25% leca good draining og stable structure over time? jul. 7. jul. 9. jul. 11. jul. 4,6 Rough peat + wood-peaces i Sogn? Kokos (England og Tyskland)? Putting in perlite (julestjernejord)? Clean perlite? (like in strawberry) 12

13 Tulameen - plants Potting June 10 th 2011 Glen Ample - plants Pottting 23. Juni % Perlite + 50% Torv 50% Kokos + 50% Torv 30% Leca + 70% Torv 100 % Perlite 13

14 Testing different media Good drainage and air for the roots Perlite (100%) Leca/veksttorv (40/60) Perlite/veksttorv (50/50) Kokos /veksttorv (50/50) Glen Ample 5. Juli Avd 27 14

15 Net supporting the canes Length of longcanes - Bioforsk Særheim 2011 cm 400 Different growthmedium + using SONT- og LED-light TULAMEEN start 10. juni Glen Ample start 21. juni TUL-30% Leca TUL-50% Perlite TUL-50% Kokos TUL-100% Perlite TUL-LED (50% Perlite) Gl.A-30% Leca Gl.A-50% Perlite Gl.A-50% Kokos Gl.A-100% Perlite Gl.A-LED (50% Perlite) Gl.A-HPS-lys (50% Perlite)

16 What is optimum hight? LED: 3,72 m høge 64 knoppar pr skot 64 knoppar pr skot Tulameen Utan Lys: 3,85 m høge 9. Nov 2011 Effect of temperature og light 16

17 Critical temperature: 15 C (Anita Sønsteby): Stadium Temp. (ºC) 10/8 24/8 7/9 14/9 21/9 28/9 4/10 12/10 19/10 26/10 2/ ,2 2,8 4, , ,8 4,8 5,2 5 5, , ,2 3,5 5, September: get the temperature down!! Flower-initiating ved temp < 15 C og daylength < 15 t 25.Sept 2009 Max ventilation from 20. August 17

18 Temperature September 2009 Greenhouse(red) og outdoor (green): 15ºC Middel: 14,9 ºC inside 12,3 ºC outdoor Temperature Oktober 2009 Greenhouse(red) og outdoor (green): 15ºC Middel: 9,6 ºC inside 7,2 ºC outdoor 18

19 Oktober Middel: 9,6 ºC inne (7,2 ºC ute) => Flower-production 21.oktober 21.oktober November november 3. november 19

20 Temperature November 2009 Greenhouse(red) og outdoor (green): 15ºC Middel: 7,9 ºC inside 6,4 ºC outside November/Des => dormantperiod 19. november 23. november 20

21 Yield (g) pr longcane - Bioforsk Særheim 4000 Glen Ample Amount of berries pr. longcane Bioforsk Særheim Glen Ample

22 Temperature - Særheim (meantemp pr day o C) o C Sept, Okt og Nov og ,0 18,0 16,0 14,0 15 o C ,0 10,0 8,0 9 o C 6,0 4,0 2,0 Too little light???? 0,0 30,0 How importent is the light? Global radiation MJ/m 2 - Rogaland ,0 Berry - production 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 Flowerproduction 0,0 22

23 Effect av extra-light in autumn Extra- light No light Aug 27 th Nov 1 st Oktober 5 th Avd. 26 Avd. 27 Glen Ample Planted 10. mai Tulameen Planted 4. juli Tulameen Planted 4. juli Glen Ample Planted 10. mai 23

24 Døgnmiddel-temp Amount days between 15 o C og 9 o C 20,0 18, => 57days => 38 days => 41 days (to little light) => 63 days ( + light) 16,0 14,0 15 o C 12,0 10,0 8,0 6, , ,0 0, Trial Rasperry Særheim febr Start 10.febr. : 10 o C dag/ 6 o C natt 24

25 Start 10.febr. : 10 Trial spring 2013 o C dag/ 6 o C natt Effect from extra-light autumn 2012 Glen Ample og Tulameen Counting the buds - over 50 cm Tulameen Knoppsprett 22. febr 12. Mars Glen Ample Knoppsprett 2. mars 50 cm Glen Ample 25

26 Amount of buds over 50 cm Tulameen Gl. Amlpe Jone Mai Jone Juli Tul. m/lys Tul.u/lys G.A. m/lys G.A. u/lys Trial spring 2013 Bioforsk Særheim 7. juni Tulameen Berries along the laterals => Yield-potensial Glen Ample 26

27 Trial spring juni Glen Ample Tulameen Effect of extra-light - autumn Amount of berries pr m rad i 2013 => Lys is important for the flowerproducton during the autumn % % Tulameen Gl. Amlpe Tulameen utan lys Tulameen med lys Glen Ample utan lys Glen Ample med lys 27

28 Amunt of berries pr m row harvested 2013 Akkumulated pr dato => Light most effect on Tulameen og late autumn Tulameen utan lys Tulameen med lys Glen Ample utan lys Glen Ample med lys Why did Tulameen gain the most from light? Flower-production 28

29 Why did Tulameen gain the most from light? 250 Global radiation Særheim MJ/m Sept. Okt. Nov. Tulameen breeded more south Glen Ample Tulameen 29

30 How high should the longcanes bee? Hypothesis 1: Higher longcane give more laterals and longer laterals => more berries and more yield? too little light at bottom? Lower quality? Difficult to harvest in top? What trainingsystem? How to form the long-cane? dr. Anita Sønsteby, Bioforsk 2009: Regression analyses revealed that high yields were associated with fruiting cane architecture traits such as cane height, number and length of laterals, and a low proportion of dormant buds. The single most important component was lateral length which alone accounted for 82% of the yield variation. How close can the long-canes stand? (longcanes pr m 2 ) Hypothesis 2: Many (og high) longcanes pr m 2 give the best yuild? Too tight =>little light at bottom? Bad quality? Diffecult to find the berries? More deseases (Botrytis)? Trainingsystem/Forming? 30

31 Tulameen: LED: 3,72 m høge 64 buds pr shoot Without light: 3,85 m høge 64 buds pr shoot 9. Nov 2011 High longcanes => high yuild Bioforsk Særheim

32 Rowdistance 2.20 m No problem 7. Mai 2012 Tulameen 3,25 m 2,20 m Tulameen 3,25 m høge 29.Mai

33 29. Mai Tulameen Trainingsystem 13. mars 2012 Tulameen Glen Ample 33

34 High density => highest yield pr m 2 Avling (g) Tal skot Avling (g) Avling (g) pr skot og m 2 (avd 1) - alle skot 2,30m høge, radavstand 2,30 m Planteavstand pr skot pr m 2 pr m 2 25 cm (4 skot pr m) , cm (4 skot pr m) , cm (5 skot pr m) , cm (5 skot pr m) , cm (6 skot pr m) , cm (6 skot pr m) , gr Avling (g) pr skot Avling (g) pr m Too tight =>little light at bottom? - No Bad quality? - No Diffecult to find the berries? - No More deseases (Botrytis)? -No?? Trainingsystem/Forming? cm (4 skot pr m) 25 cm (4 skot pr m) 20 cm (5 skot pr m) 20 cm (5 skot pr m) 17 cm (6 skot pr m) 17 cm (6 skot pr m) Glen Ample 12. mai Harvest: Mai 10th July 10th 34

35 Glen Ample or Tulameen?? Bioforsk Særheim mai Analysis of sugar and og acid - PlantChem 35

36 Tulameen - Good variety for greenhouse?? Kjemiske analysar Plantchem Dato Prøve SSC Syre Balanse Antocyanar Brix mg/100g (sukker-syre)/syre mg/100g 22. mai Tulameen, ledetal 2,5 standard N Glen Ample, ledetal 2,5 standard N mai Polka, Tanzania Hanasand Gård Jone Wiig Driscoll's, Mexico Consumer-tests Nofima 23. mai og 21. Juni 2012 Comparing 3 Norwgian + 1 imported 276 consumers 36

37 Results from the consumertest Raspberry-taste (% fordeling) Tulameen Import Glen Ample Glen Ample Sweet-taste (% fordeling) Tulameen Import Glen Ample Glen Ample Mean day-temperature 2011 og 2012 Developing-stages og and mean day-temp ( o C) at Bioforsk Særheim 37

38 Sunburning in Glasshoue 24. mai Shading important in glasshouses 38

39 Days pr developing-stages Bioforsk Særheim - Glen Ample Hausting Modning Blomstring Synleg blm.stand Koppsprett Start driving Day-degrees from start Bioforsk Særheim, Avd. 26 Slutt Harvest Start Ripening Knoppsprett Visible blm.stand Start Blossom Start 39

40 Day-degrees pr developing-stages Bioforsk Særheim - Glen Ample Hausting Modning 1500 Blomstring Synleg blm.stand Koppsprett 1000 Start driving Experiences with Glen Ample i 2012: Juicy and tasteful, but. very short shelf life!!! 40

41 Sjølv med Lys hausting og Rask nedkjøling Glen Ample saftar raskt i butikk Jone Wiig, Klepp For blaute bær 41

42 2. Mai - nettworking at Jone Wiig How safe the quality (shelf-life)??? How getting more firm berries?? 42

43 Jone Wiig: 6 daa greenhouseraspberry Tulameen good quality Testing Primocanes

44 The year-cyclus of the raspberryplant Primo-canes Long-canes Illustrations of the annual growth cycles of annual-fruiting (A) and biennial-fruiting (B) raspberries. The blue colour denotes the vegetative phases and the red colour the reproductive phases of plant development. Imara 44

45 Imara Kwanza 45

46 Kwanza Kweli 46

47 Kweli 47

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