Northwest Indigenous Gold Rush History by Humboldt State University ITEPP

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1 Northwest Indigenous Gold Rush History by Humboldt State University ITEPP Guided Reading Questions Answer in complete sentences on a separate piece of paper. Preface: 1. Use a dictionary or online resource to define: *Indigenous *Extermination *Manifest Destiny 2. What nations are represented in the book? 3. Mainstream America knew about and encouraged what? 4. How where Indians described in newspapers? 5. In truth, who are the 49ers? 6. What does unparalleled mean in this sentence? Their greed and destruction they caused is unparalleled in history. Interview with Cheryl Seidner: 1. Which 3 bodies of water are referred to as the Wiyot territory? 2. Who wrote about the 1860 massacre on Indian Island? 3. Who was the leader of the Humboldt Bay Indians? 4. Who was on the Island during the dances? 5. Why didn t the men protect their families from the massacre? 6. Why doesn t Cheryl know the details of the dances? 7. How many bodies were found? 8. How many people were found on the island the next day? 9. The massacre took away a lot of the Wiyot. 10. The book, Little White Feather, describes a goon squad leader named. 11. When Indians were rounded up, where were they taken? 12. Describe the conditions at Fort Humboldt? 13. Where did the soldiers try to take the Wiyots? 14. How many men came to Indian Island to massacre the Wiyot people? How were they killed? 15. According to the June 1, 1860 article, L boasted of having killed whom, and how? 4

2 Northwest Indigenous Gold Rush History by Humboldt State University ITEPP ANSWERS Preface: 1. Use a dictionary or online resource to define: *Indigenous Native *Extermination - killing everything, genocide *Manifest Destiny the god given right to take everything 2. What nations are represented in the book? Wiyot, Yurok, Hupa, Karuk, Tolowa, and Wintu 3. Mainstream America knew about and encouraged what? Massacre of Indigenous people 4. How where Indians described in newspapers? Diggers, savages, devils 5. In truth, who are the 49ers? Heroes, legends, Argonauts, & pioneers 6. What does unparalleled mean in this sentence? Their greed and destruction they caused is unparalleled in history. Unlike any other event Interview with Cheryl Seiner: 1. Which 3 bodies of water are referred to as the Wiyot territory? Eel River, Mad River, and Humboldt Bay 2. Who wrote about the 1860 massacre on Indian Island? Brett Harte 3. Who was the leader of the Humboldt Bay Indians? Captain Jim 4. Who was on the Island during the dances? Women, children, elders, some young men 5. Why didn t the men protect their families from the massacre? They weren t there. 6. Why doesn t Cheryl know the details of the dances? Since the massacre of 1860, nothing was left of the dances. 7. How many bodies were found? How many people were found on the Island the next day? 3 adults, 1 baby and an old woman 9. The massacre took away a lot of the Wiyot identity. 10. The book, Little White Feather, describes a goon squad leader named Larrabee. 11. When Indians were rounded up, where were they taken? Stockyards at Fort Humboldt 12. Describe the conditions at Fort Humboldt? No shelter, women were raped, and babies died from exposure. 13. Where did the soldiers try to take the Wiyots? Hoopa, Smith River and Round Valley 14. How many men came to Indian Island to massacre the Wiyot people? How were they killed? 5 or 6 men armed with hatchets 15. According to the June 1, 1860 article, L boasted of having killed whom, and how? Sixty infants with a hatchet 5

3 History and Hope United Indian Health Serves Video 1. Each indigenous culture has followed a way of life to do what two things? 2. Where is the ancestral territory of the Yurok people? 3. Where is the ancestral territory of the Hupa people? 4. Where is the ancestral territory of the Karuk people? 5. Where is the ancestral territory of the Wiyot people? 6. The video refers to the Chilula, Tsenungway, and Mattole as being less common for what reasons? 7. How many tribes and rancherias are recognized by the federal government in Humboldt County? 8. What significant land use event took place in Humboldt County that resulted in the murder of 9 out of 10 Native people? 9. What mining methods caused the massive environmental destruction? What were the effects? 10. Why is it inappropriate to glorify these settlers? 11. The murders of native people in California are not considered an Indian War. Why? 6

4 12. Why were many native women and girls raped by settlers? 13. Where were the following native concentration camps (forts) located? Fort Humboldt: Fort Gaston: Fort Terwer: 14. Captain George W. Ousley, or Fort Gaston, made an order on June 26, 1863 to do what? 15. What mechanism was created by the passage of The Act for the Government and Protection of Indians bill in November of 1849 in Monterey, CA? Was this before or after the Civil War? 16. Thirteen years after the law passed in 1853, Colonel Francis Lippitt of Fort Humboldt wrote that settlers were constantly engaged in what crime? Why? 17. From the late 1880s to the late 1920s, Indian children were taken away from families to go where? What was the purpose? 18. When did Indians gain national citizenship? 19. How many boarding schools were located in and around California? 20. Despite the historical trauma endured by native people, per capita more native people have done what than any other ethnic group in history? 21. List some afflictions/illnesses that describe the severe health crisis of Native people? 22. Native people are healing by doing what? 7

5 History and Hope United Indian Health Services, Inc., Video 23. Each indigenous culture has followed a way of life to do what two things? Respect nature and preserve a balance between ocean, rivers, trees, birds, animals, and other people. 24. Where is the ancestral territory of the Yurok people? Along the Pacific coast from Trinidad to Requa and up the Klamath River to Weitchpec. 25. Where is the ancestral territory of the Hupa people? From the mouth of the Trinity River to north of the mouth of its South Fork. 26. Where is the ancestral territory of the Karuk people? The Karuk people lived from Bluff Creek on the Klamath River up to Happy Camp and beyond. 27. Where is the ancestral territory of the Wiyot people? Wiyot territory extended along the Pacific coast from the Eel River to the Mad River, along Humboldt Bay and inland to Blue Lake. 28. The video refers to the Chilula, Tsenungway, and Mattole as being less common for what reasons? Inter-marriages with other tribes, being destroyed by settlers, and relocation. 29. How many tribes and rancherias are recognized by the federal government in Humboldt County? Eight: Yurok, Hupa, Karuk, and Wiyot Tribes; Big Lagoon, Blue Lake, Trinidad and Rohnerville Rancherias. 30. What significant land use event took place in Humboldt County that resulted in the murder of 9 out of 10 Native people? The Gold Rush 31. What mining methods caused the massive environmental destruction? What were the effects? *Use of hydraulic cannons that blasted down mountains, which filled the rivers with mercury, silt, and gravel. This method decimated village and grave sites and killed millions of fish. *Destroyed thousands of acres of old growth redwood to build roads. 8

6 32. Why is it inappropriate to glorify these settlers? Many were slave traders, thieves, rapists, and murderers. 33. The murders of native people in California are not considered an Indian War. Why? No Indian War ever was authorized/declared by Congress. Settlers killed native people whenever they could, often attacking villages during their ceremonies. 34. Why were many native women and girls raped by settlers? Few women settlers traveled to search for gold. 35. Where were the following native concentration camps (forts) located? Fort Humboldt: near Eureka Fort Gaston: Hoopa Fort Terwer: Klamath 36. Captain George W. Ousley, or Fort Gaston, made an order on June 26, 1863 to do what? Shoot on sight all Indians of the area. 37. What mechanism was created by the passage of The Act for the Government and Protection of Indians bill in November of 1849 in Monterey, CA? Was this before or after the Civil War? The law allowed the selling of Native people as indentured servants (slavery). After. 38. Thirteen years after the law passed in 1853, Colonel Francis Lippitt of Fort Humboldt wrote that settlers were constantly engaged in what crime? Why? Kidnapping Indian children because they could sell them as slaves as a lucrative business. 39. From the late 1880s to the late 1920s, Indian children were taken away from families to go where? What was the purpose? Boarding School. The re-education centers were designed to use corporal punishment, even death, to destroy the cultural identities of native children. 40. When did Indians gain national citizenship? How many boarding schools were located in and around California? Despite the historical trauma endured by native people, per capita more native people have done what than any other ethnic group in history? Served in the United States Military 43. List some afflictions/illnesses that describe the severe health crisis of Native people? 9

7 Diabetes, domestic violence, drug abuse and alcoholism 44. Native people are healing by doing what? Native people have strong family ties, practice ceremonies, participate in cultural activities, and are achieving in education. 10