Arc Flash PPE Requirements, Selection, Care and Use
|
|
- Jayson Banks
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Arc Flash PPE Requirements, Selection, Care and Use Sales Presentation Presented by: Jim Pollard Unlimited PPE Inc Oberon Company
2 Presentation Agenda Introduction Arc Flash Overview Anatomy of Arc Flash PPE Used as a Risk Control Handbook Review Sample Evaluation Questions & Answers
3 Disclaimer Only partial content related to Arc Flash PPE and CSA Z462, 3 rd Edition is presented here. This Session is not Qualification Training for Electrical Workers. You are cautioned to consult CSA Z prior to making any changes in any safe work practices that are established. Opinions expressed by the presenter is a personal technical opinion. You are advised to consult the CSA Group for specific formal interpretation.
4 Presentation Focused on Arc Flash only. Electrical Hazards include Shock, Arc Flash and Arc Blast. References will be made to the provided ESPS Arc Flash & Shock Handbook. Samples will be used to demonstrate Arc Flash PPE. Attendees are encouraged to participate and ask questions. Link Available
5 Slide Content Copyright Notice for Slide Content in Presentation This presentation was created using copyrighted content and shall not be reproduced without permission from: ESPS Electrical Safety Program Solutions Inc. Oberon Company, division of Paramount Corp. Unlimited PPE Inc.
6 ESPS Consulting Services Licensed Products Training Solutions Terry Becker, P.Eng, CESCP, IEEE Senior Member
7 Oberon Company Pioneer Over 30 years experience Resources Products Arc Flash Suits, Arc-Rated Facshields, much more.
8 Unlimited PPE Combining Electrical Safety Solutions from both:
9 Jim Pollard Voting Member CSA Z462 Technical Committee CAN/ULC-S801 CSC/IEC/TC78 & ULC LW ASTM F18 Electrical Safety Social Media 1,700+ LinkedIn Followers Arc Flash & Shock PPE Group Manager (1,440) Author COS Magazine Electrical Business Magazine Electrical Line Magazine
10 Presentation Agenda Introduction Arc Flash Overview Anatomy of Arc Flash PPE Used as a Risk Control Handbook Review Sample Evaluation Questions & Answers
11 What is an Arc Flash? 1. An Electric Arc is the Passage of Substantial Electric Current Through Ionized Gases. 2. Arc Flash Hazard is a Dangerous Condition associated with the possible release of energy caused by an Electric Arc. 3. Typically lasts less than 1 Second. 4. Extremely High Thermal Energy. 5. Explosive in Nature, can cause a Pressure Wave from expanding metallic material into vapour.
12 Arc Flash Hazard Arc Flash Event. ٠* ٠ ٠.,.
13 When can it happen? Workers perform tasks that put them at Risk including; 1. Voltage Testing. 2. Removing Bolted-on Panel Covers. 3. Inserting or Removing Circuit Breakers.
14 How can it happen? 1. Conductive Object gets too close to an energized conductor or circuit part and ground. 2. Electric Arc super heats and ionizes the air, allowing for a path for electrical current to flow. 3. With sufficient voltage (>208 V) the Electric Arc can sustain itself and transform into an Arc Flash. What is the Cause? Equipment Failure and Human Interaction
15 When do you need Protection? Human Threshold to a 2 nd Degree Burn is 1.2 cal/cm 2 1 cal/cm² Equals the Exposure on a finger tip held 1 cm above the flame from a Cigarette Lighter in One Second
16 CSA Z NFPA 70E-2015 Applicable Standards CAN/ULC S (Utilities only) CSA Z462 is the most successful OH&S Standard ever published by the CSA Harmonized with the 2012 NFPA 70E
17 Quick Overview of CSA Z Greater emphasis on implementing an Electrical Safety Program. Clause order restructured to align with CSA Z1000 OHSMS Standard. Further alignment with CSA Z1002, Annex F brought forward for global changes. New Definitions added to clarify the difference of hazard and risk and risk assessment. Broader inclusion of Risk Assessment as related to energized electrical work.
18 Global Changes Hazard identification changed to Risk Assessment Procedure Arc Flash Hazard Analysis changed to Arc Flash Risk Assessment Shock Hazard Analysis changed to Shock Risk Assessment
19 Deletions Hazard/Risk Category Tables, entire selection method and related terminology has been eliminated. Hazard/Risk Category 0, new Arc Flash PPE Category starts at Category 1. Prohibited Approach Boundary, recognized as being redundant to the Restricted Approach Boundary e.g. shock PPE, tools & equipment requirements.
20 New Label Requirements New Detailed Label Requirements clarify what information shall be used (or not used!) Incident Energy or PPE Category, but not both. Prohibited Approach Boundary eliminated.
21 New Philosophy Normal Operation vs Abnormal Operation of energized electrical equipment. Normal conditions are assessed as: The equipment is properly installed; The equipment is properly maintained; All equipment doors are closed and secured; All equipment covers are in place and secured; There is no evidence of impending failure.
22 2015 Change Management Step-by-Step Action Plan 1) Complete a Gap Analysis, current vs. new. 2) Update existing Electrical Safety Program (ESP). 3) Review Arc Flash & Shock PPE. 4) Train workers on the updated CSA Z ) Train workers on your updated ESP. 6) Full internal or external electrical safety audit.
23 Summary of the Differences Link Available
24 More Basics Alphabet Soup Link Available
25 Presentation Agenda Introduction Arc Flash Overview Anatomy of Arc Flash PPE Used as a Risk Control Handbook Review Sample Evaluation Questions & Answers
26 Arc Flash Suit -Video Link Available
27 Anatomy of Arc Flash PPE What is Arc Flash PPE? Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) consisting of specially designed and appropriately tested products suitable for use by workers that need protection from the thermal effects of an arc flash hazard. Specially designed. Appropriately tested. Suitable for use.
28 Specially Designed Full Body Protection. No Openings, Exposed Metal. Easy to Don & Doff.
29 Appropriately Tested All Materials used in the Construction of the equipment are appropriate. Labeling correctly identifies the necessary Standards and Compliance. Test Documentation Available.
30 Suitable for Use Pre-use Inspected to ensure no rips, holes, tears or significant signs of contamination. Garments are clean, correct fit and all closures operate correctly. Faceshields or Hood lens are not damaged.
31 Rules of Thumb Arc Flash PPE only works when you wear it. Never wear clothing that contains materials that melt (i.e. underlayers, garment design). All Electrical Specific PPE requires a Pre-Use Inspection. Always wash Arc Flash PPE separately from other garments. Always follow the manufacturers guidelines for care, use and maintenance.
32 What is an Arc Rating? Two Types of Arc Ratings per ASTM F1959 Arc Thermal Performance Value (ATPV) The incident energy level at which there is a 50% probability of sufficient heat transfer to cause the onset of a second-degree skin burn injury. Breakopen Threshold Energy (E BT ) The incident energy level at which there is a 50% probability of the formation of holes or tears in the layer closest to the skin.
33 High Current Testing Laboratory
34 ATPV Test Report
35 Fabric Swatch Evaluation
36 Determination of EBT
37 Available Fabric Options FR = Flame Resistant AR = Arc-Rated Molecular Make-up Polymer Chain Inherently FR Fabrics (IFR) Built-in to the Fabric OR Flame Retardant Treated Fabrics (FRT) Chemical Treatment
38 Available Fabric Options FR = Flame Resistant AR = Arc-Rated Inherently FR Fabrics (IFR) Built-in to the Fabric Permanent Treatment For the life of the Garment OR Flame Retardant Treated Fabrics (FRT) Chemical Treatment Reference WESTEX
39 Available Full Face Protection Green (Yellow) IR Grey IR
40 Applicable Standards ASTM F2178 CSA Z94.1 CSA Z94.3 ASTM F1959 CSA Z94.2 ASTM F1506 ASTM F2675 CSA Z Table 3 CSA Z195
41 100% Compliant Label Example PPE Selection Advice; If the garment states compliance with ASTM F a but the label is not correct, buyer beware! ASTM F a 6.3 Garments shall be labeled with the following information: Tracking identification code system, Meets requirement of Performance Specification F1506, Manufacturer s name, Size and other associated standard labeling, Care instructions and fiber contents, and Arc rating (ATPV) or arc rating (E bt )
42 Arc Flash PPE Selection Factors Arc-Rated PPE shall cover associated parts of the worker s body including flammable apparel (underlayers) while allowing movement and visibility. Factors for Review: Layering of Arc-Rated Clothing. Outer layers worn over Arc-Rated Clothing. Underlayers worn under Arc-Rated Clothing. Coverage and Interface areas. Tight vs. Loose Fitting.
43 What do Customers Forget? 1. To properly evaluate Arc Flash PPE through learning about the applicable Standards. 2. To think through how workers use AR PPE. 3. What happens during and after an Arc Flash accident (i.e. Rescue, First Responders, etc). 4. To provide adequate Arc Flash PPE Care & Use training to their workers. 5. Document and Implement an effective AR PPE management program. 6. Review existing Arc Flash & Shock PPE and repair, recondition or replace as necessary.
44 AR PPE Management Program Electrical Safety Program should include: Specification Procurement Selection Three Level System Inventory Management Performance Management Individual vs. Shared Assignment Shared Check In/Out System Pre-Use Checks Care, Use & Maintenance Frequency of Inspection & Testing
45 1. Fit & Function. For Consideration 2. Proper Inspection Techniques. 3. How to Don/Doff. 4. Integration with other PPE. 5. Ability to Communicate while working. 6. Effective VLT, Conspicuity. 7. Storage & Maintenance.
46 Ability to Communicate Why is communication important? 1. Safety Watch. 2. Procedural. 3. Feedback Loop. Does this actually happen with proper hearing protection?
47 Arc Flash PPE is not Perfect It is noted that despite the employer s best efforts their Arc Flash PPE may not provide adequate protection from Arc Flash hazards.
48 Not all PPE is Created Equally Before After
49 Non-FR Components -Video Link Available
50 FR (Not AR) Rainsuit -Video Link Available
51 Hood Comparison -Video
52 Beware of PPE Pitfalls Arc Flash clothing shall cover potentially exposed areas as completely as possible. shall be closed at the neck. Long Coat Suit Design protection concern and was not designed for Electrical Workers.
53 Beware of Counterfeit Actual Garment testing is not required (yet!). No Arc Flash Police making sure garments comply with Standards. Flammable thread, findings and buttons. Only true way to know if an Arc-Rated garment is compliant is to destroy it.
54 Beware of Myths vs. Realities Safe PPE does exist above 40 cal/cm cal/cm2 is NOT the limit. Arc Flash suits are available with protection up to 140 cal/cm 2. Blast Pressure is not related to Incident Energy!
55 Presentation Agenda Introduction Arc Flash Overview Anatomy of Arc Flash PPE Used as a Risk Control Handbook Review Sample Evaluation Questions & Answers
56 Risk Assessment Procedure Before Work is Started Workers use their Employer s Electrical Safety Program to apply the requirements of CSA Z including a Risk Assessment Procedure (RAP). Workers apply the procedure to carry out: 1. Hazard Identification (Shock, Arc Flash, Blast); 2. Assess Risks; and 3. Implement risk controls (Hierarchy of Controls).
57 Hierarchal Approach Hierarchy of Risk Controls Arc Flash PPE is the last line of defense. 1. Eliminate the hazard, de-energize is the first choice. 2. Substitute with other materials, processes or equipment. 3. Reduce the risk by design (i.e. engineering solutions, equipment solutions, Safety by Design, Electrical Equipment Maintenance);
58 Hierarchal Approach 4. Use safer work systems that increase awareness of potential hazards (e.g. apply safeguards like signage, barriers, etc.); 5. Implement administrative controls (e.g. training and procedures); and 6. Use Electrical Specific Personal Protective equipment, as a last line of defense, and ensure it is appropriately used and maintained.
59 Safety Management System Hazard Identification Electrical Safety Program (ESP) Training Contractors Risk Assessment Procedure -Forms -Workflow Process
60 Defined Worker Roles Electrical Worker vs. Non-Electrical Worker ARC FLASH PPE NO ARC FLASH PPE
61 When is Arc-Rated PPE not Required? An Arc Flash is not likely to occur when Electrical Equipment is in a Normal Operating Condition
62 Assess Equipment Condition Only Workers who are Knowledgeable and Competent having been trained and demonstrated the ability to assess Normal versus Abnormal equipment conditions. NO ARC FLASH PPE ARC FLASH PPE REQUIRED
63 Work Tasks that Always Require PPE CSA Z Table 4A identifies several Work Tasks that always require Arc Flash PPE due to the likelihood of an Arc Flash occurring. Examples of the 18 Work Tasks: Voltage Testing. Removal or Installation of CBs or switches. Removal of bolted covers. Opening hinged door(s) or cover(s). Application of temporary protective grounding.
64 When an Arc Flash is Likely to Occur Link Available
65 Arc Flash PPE Reduces Severity When completing an Arc Flash Risk Assessment, Arc Flash PPE is applied as a Control to reduce bodily injury or damage to health, lowering Risk. Appropriately rated and suitable for use Arc-rated PPE will reduce Severity (Se) to a recoverable 2 nd degree skin burn injury. Risk is a combination of likelihood and the severity of injury from a hazard.
66 How to Select Arc Flash PPE Appropriate Arc Flash PPE is selected based on the potential thermal incident energy exposure, as determined by an employer s Arc Flash Risk Assessment. CSA Z Arc Flash PPE Selection Methods: 1. Incident Energy Analysis Method. 2. Arc Flash PPE Category Method.
67 How to Select Arc Flash PPE For a work task on a specific type of equipment this can be done using either Method, but not both. The Arc Flash PPE arc-rating must match or exceed the thermal incident energy value estimated by the employer s Arc Flash Risk Assessment. ARC RATED PPE ARC FLASH HAZARD
68 Incident Energy Analysis Method Arc Flash Triangle Engineering Calculations are used to estimate the incident energy exposure level (cal/cm 2 )
69 Incident Energy Analysis Method PPE Label Equipment Label Arc Rating must be equal to or greater than the Incident Energy exposure level (cal/cm 2 )
70 Selection based on Incident Energy Annex H, Table H.2 provides guidance on what arc-rated clothing can be applied against the incident energy listed on detailed Arc Flash & Shock Warning labels.
71 Faceshield & Balaclava or Suit Hood An arc-rated hood shall be used when the estimated incident energy exposure is greater than 12 cal/cm 2
72 Arc Flash PPE Category Method Acceptable in lieu of the Incident Energy Analysis Method *New* 2015 Category Method for the selection of Arc Flash PPE. Used within the context of a Risk Assessment. 1. Determine if Arc Flash PPE is required based on Work Task and Equipment Condition. 2. Determine the Arc Flash PPE Category. 3. Select & Deploy appropriate PPE.
73 Category Method Example Normal Operation of a circuit breaker, switch, contactor or starter. Typically NO Arc Flash PPE is Required
74 New Table Method Example Step 1 Identification using CSA Z Table 4A
75 New Table Method Example Step 2 Arc Flash PPE Category, Table 4B
76 New Table Method Example Step 3 Select & Deploy appropriate PPE using Table 5
77 Arc Flash PPE Categories Arc Flash PPE Category Minimum Arc Rating Arc-rated PPE 1 4 cal/cm 2 Full Body + Faceshield 2 8 cal/cm 2 Full Body + Faceshield & Balaclava or Hood 3 25 cal/cm 2 Layered System + Hood or Full 4 40 cal/cm 2 Arc Flash Suit Above Incident Energy Analysis Required. Annex H, Table H.2
78 Other PPE
79 Presentation Agenda Introduction Arc Flash Overview Anatomy of Arc Flash PPE Used as a Risk Control Handbook Review Sample Evaluation Questions & Answers
80 ESPS Handbook Portable Resource Tool for Electrical Workers. Used to Reinforce Training. Designed to be used with an Electrical Safety Program. The best available resource in the industry. Workshop Attendees can take and use the ESPS Handbook at their workplaces
81 Level System Defined Levels in an Electrical Safety Program, customized as necessary. Level 0 Company Standard PPE Level 1 Low Level Exposure values < 8 cal/cm 2 Level 2 ESPS Handbook Page # High Level Exposure values < 65 cal/cm 2 8
82 Useful Definitions Arc Flash Hazard. Arc Flash Risk Assessment. Arc Flash Boundary. Arc Flash PPE Category. Arc Flash Suit. Arc Rating. Total System Arc Rating. ESPS Handbook Page # 10
83 ESP Workflow Process Flow Chart ESPS Clients use this Handbook to reinforce Worker Training and the application of their Corporate Electrical Safety Program. This Flow Chart serves as an example of how other Employers are applying their ESPS provided Electrical Safety Program within a Work Flow Process. Examples of forms (tools) include the Energized Electrical Job Risk Assessment (EEJRA) form. 29
84 EEJRA Form The single most important tools from an Employers Electrical Safety Program are the field level forms used by workers. The ESPS Energized Electrical Job Risk Assessment (EEJRA) Form is used by workers for all energized work tasks. The EEJRA can also be used as an Energized Electrical Work Permit (EEWP). 35
85 Specifications Table 42
86 Non Arc-Rated PPE 62
87 Care, Use & Maintenance 68
88 Pre-Use Inspections & Checks 79
89 How to Wear an Arc Flash Suit 101
90 Presentation Agenda Introduction Arc Flash Overview Anatomy of Arc Flash PPE Used as a Risk Control Handbook Review Sample Evaluation Questions & Answers
91 Coveralls Designed for Electricians Traditional Arc-Rated Coveralls were designed to accommodate for several underlayers (Uniform) with no pockets. Arc Flash Suit design elements incorporated into an Electrical & Instrumentation coverall design Continuous Zipper Non-Conductive Closures Additional Pockets CSA Z96 HVSA
92 Ultra Lightweight Suits Lighter weight fabrics allow for mobility and increased worker productivity Functional designs for optimal worker safety Comfort options to reduce heat stress Arc-Rated Cooling Vest Hood Ventilation Systems
93 True Colour Grey Faceshields Safer than Green! Full Colours Accurate Colour Perception Available in 8 or 12 cal Faceshields Grey IR Dye Proprietary Design by Oberon
94 True Colour Grey Hoods Safer than Green! Available in ARC40 & ARC65 Hoods No lifting the front of the hood to accurately determine colours Available LED lamp and Hood Ventilation System options
95 Arc Flash Suits Good, Better, Best Options (Regular, Light, Ultra- Lightweight) Hood Design with no Velcro & Fail Safe design features (unique install locations) Polycarbonate High Impact Ballistic Protection (140 cal/cm 2 ) Hood Ventilation Systems available in FR Plastic Protection from cal/cm 2
96 What about Hearing Protection? Ear Canal Inserts 1. Hearing Protection is required. 2. Selection Required. 3. Suggesting Ear Canal Inserts. 4. Other types of Hearing Protective Devices?
97 Another Arc Flash Myth Your ear plugs will catch on fire and burn into your ears!
98 The Basics of Hearing Protection 1. Reduces noise to protect from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). 2. NIHL can be permanent and 100% avoidable. 3. Noise measured in decibels (db). 4. Typical noise prevention program uses Time Weighted Average (TWA) levels. 5. Hearing protection necessary when exposure is 85 db over 8 hours (TWA). 6. Noise doubles every 3 db.
99 165 db How Does Arc Flash Compare?
100 Noise Reduction Ratings 140 db exposure causes immediate physical damage. 120 db pain threshold. Subtract the NRR from the noise exposure level. Permissible Exposure Levels based on Exposure Time
101 NRR is not so simple Unless worker fit test data is available, NIOSH recommends we de-rate the NRR. Most workers don t wear their protection properly. 0 db 0 db 33 db
102 Example
103 More Examples
104 1. Roll entire earplug into a crease-free cylinder 2. Pull Back pinna by reaching over head with free hand, gently pull top of ear up and out 3. Insert earplug well into ear canal and hold until it fully expands
105 De-rate Guideline Earmuffs subtract 25% Formable earplugs subtract 50% All other earplugs subtract 70%
106 HPD Evaluation E-A-R Classic NRR 33-50% = 16.5 E-A-R Arc Plug NRR 22-70% = 6.6 3M Peltor TacticalPRO neckband NRR 25-25% = 18.75
107 Total System Demonstrating the total combined system. Oberon ARC40G. 3M Peltor TacticalPRO Earmuffs. (~$400) Customer Approved Safety Glasses. Customer Approved Hard hat.
108 Contact Information Jim Pollard Unlimited PPE Inc
109 Questions & Answers
The Other Hazard of Electricity. Larren Elliott Ph.D. Lindsay Polic, CSP, REHS
The Other Hazard of Electricity Larren Elliott Ph.D. Lindsay Polic, CSP, REHS Presenters Larren Elliott Ph.D. EORM Electrical Safety Service Partner 45 years practical and hands-on industrial experience
More informationBRANDON AND CLARK INC. // SCOTT W. CLARK, P.E. ELECTRICAL CONTINUING EDUCATION ARC FLASH - NFPA 70E
BRANDON AND CLARK INC. // SCOTT W. CLARK, P.E. ELECTRICAL CONTINUING EDUCATION ARC FLASH - NFPA 70E Training is not a substitute for following corporate safety guidelines. Always refer to the latest safety
More informationSAFE ELECTRICAL WORK PRACTICES & 2015 NFPA 70E
SAFE ELECTRICAL WORK PRACTICES & 2015 NFPA 70E This easy-to-use Leader s Guide is provided to assist in conducting a successful presentation. Featured are: INTRODUCTION: A brief description of the program
More information2012 NFPA 70E. Ten Most Important Changes. John A. DeDad
2012 NFPA 70E Ten Most Important Changes John A. DeDad GE Energy Management 41 Woodford Avenue Plainville, CT 06062 USA 860-747-7344 John.dedad@ge.com Abstract The 2012 Edition of NFPA 70E, Standard for
More information90.2(A) Covered & 90.2(B) Not Covered 6/23/2015. Learning Objectives. 90.2(A) Covered & 90.2(B) Not Covered. Change Summary
Learning Objectives After reviewing this material, the student will be able to: 1. Identify the installations that fall under the scope of the 2015 edition of NFPA 70E. 2. Identify the assessments required
More informationNFPA 70E Updates Affect Your Most Valuable Assets
NFPA 70E Updates Affect Your Most Valuable Assets EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Electrocution is a well-known hazard associated with direct contact with electrical energy. According to the U.S. Department of Labor,
More informationElectrical Safety Program. Electrical Safety Program Audit (Appendix: X) Performed By: Date:
Performed By: Date: The following sets of audit questions can be used to validate and verify that the is understood and being properly applied. Any non-compliant issues will be identified and prioritized
More informationArc Flash Hazards. Electrical Hazards. Dan Neeser Field Application Engineer DanRNeeser@Eaton.com. Electrical Hazards 2/18/2015. Shock.
Arc Flash Hazards Dan Neeser Field Application Engineer DanRNeeser@Eaton.com Electrical Hazards Electrical Hazards Shock Arc Flash Arc Blast 2 1 Arcing Fault Basics 35,000 F Radiant Heat & UV Speed of
More informationWhat s up with Arc Flash?
What s up with Arc Flash? Presented by Mark Haskins, CSP Practical Safety Solutions, LLC CONN OSHA Breakfast Roundtable February 18, 2014 2014 Practical Safety Solutions, LLC What is Arc Flash? Definition
More informationMyths and Facts on Complying with NFPA 70E's Clothing Requirements By Hugh Hoagland
Myths and Facts on Complying with NFPA 70E's Clothing Requirements By Hugh Hoagland Stop. Don't switch garments for electric arc protection before you read this article. Companies are now claiming to have
More informationUnderstanding Arc Flash
Understanding Arc Flash Presented by Eddie F. Jones, PE 1 2 3 4 5 Five to 10 arc flash explosions occur in electric equipment every day in the United States. This number does not include cases in which
More information2008 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
FlashGard TM Motor Control Center Electrical Safety Hazards Design Philosophy The Product 2008 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Research studies say. Five to 10 arc flash explosions occur in electrical
More informationINTRODUCTION ARC FLASH PROTECTION AND SAFETY MEASURES. September 2010
ARC FLASH PROTECTION AND SAFETY MEASURES September 2010 Introduction Hazards of Electrical Energy Electrical Safety Program Safety-Related Work Practices Electrical Safety Procedures Presented By: Ken
More informationAnalyzing Electrical Hazards in the Workplace
Analyzing Electrical Hazards in the Workplace By Dennis K. Neitzel, CPE AVO Training Institute, Inc. The need for analyzing electrical hazards in the workplace has been recognized by a small segment of
More informationARC FLASH HAZARD OVERVIEW. Presented August 13, 2015 WWOA Lake Michigan District by Mead & Hunt, Inc.
ARC FLASH HAZARD OVERVIEW Presented August 13, 2015 WWOA Lake Michigan District by Mead & Hunt, Inc. ARC FLASH EXPERIENCE Christopher J. DeWaal, MS, MEM, PE, LEED AP, HACCP How did I get involved? A client
More information2013WWOA Conference Technical Conference Program
2013WWOA Conference Technical Conference Program Understanding Arc-Flash Hazards, Its Implications on Operations and Solutions that Mitigate Such Exposure Presented by Jerry Baskin Senior Product Manager
More informationArc Flash Avoidance and its Application to Overhead Traveling Cranes
Arc Flash Avoidance and its Application to Overhead Traveling Cranes Whitepaper August 2012 Jason Wellnitz, Controls Product Manager Material Handling Numerous technical papers, bulletins, magazine articles
More informationARC FLASH CALCULATIONS & LABELING REQUIREMENTS
ARC FLASH CALCULATIONS & LABELING REQUIREMENTS Presented by: Edmund Elizalde EYP Mission Critical Facilities, Inc. Slides by: Lonnie Lindell SKM Systems Analysis, Inc. 1 Agenda NEC 110.16 NFPA 70E IEEE
More informationIntroduction to Arc Flash
Introduction to Arc Flash Worker Training of Electrical Hazards Including Arc Flash SH-16614-7 This material was produced under grant number SH-16614-7 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
More informationGEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
PURPOSE To protect the health and welfare of GEORGIA TECH employees in areas where there may be a risk of injury or exposure to hazardous substances or conditions employees who work in areas where physical
More informationIMPLEMENTING THE NEW ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
IMPLEMENTING THE NEW ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS Paul A Zoubek, CSP, CIH Occupational Services, Inc. San Diego, CA 619-861 861-0612 paul@occsev.com OCCUPATIONAL SERVICES, INC. BACKGROUND Update Update
More informationNFPA 70E 2012 Rolls Out New Electrical Safety Requirements Affecting Data Centers
NFPA 70E 2012 Rolls Out New Electrical Safety Requirements Affecting Data Centers A market position paper from the experts in Business-Critical Continuity TM Executive Summary Electrocutions are the fourth
More informationCommon Electrical Hazards in the Workplace Including Arc Flash. Presented by Ken Cohen, PhD, PE & CIH (Ret.)
Common Electrical Hazards in the Workplace Including Arc Flash Presented by Ken Cohen, PhD, PE & CIH (Ret.) 1 What s New In February 1972, OSHA incorporated the 1971 edition of the National Fire Protection
More informationELECTRICAL SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT
ELECTRICAL SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT The intent of this procedure is to perform a risk assessment, which includes a review of the electrical hazards, the associated foreseeable tasks, and the protective measures
More informationRoadmap to Compliance with NFPA 70E Arc Flash Requirements
Roadmap to Compliance with NFPA 70E Arc Flash Requirements TAHFM Interlink 2015 March 30, 2015 Antony Parsons, Ph.D., P.E. Schneider Electric Engineering Services 1 2 How do we get to Reliable Power? >
More information100% Rule Alternate Method Arc Blast Arc Flash Approved Approved Equipment Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) Authorized Work Bare Hand Work
Definitions 100% Rule Work on or near energized parts must be performed only after all participating qualified electrical workers are in 100% agreement on the work to be completed, on the sequence in which
More informationSALISBURY ASSESSMENT SOLUTIONS
SALISBURY ASSESSMENT SOLUTIONS Electrical engineering services for a safe and compliant workplace Electrical Safety Program Assessments - Electrical Safety Training Arc Flash Risk Assessments - Power Systems
More informationElectrical Wiring Methods, Components and Equipment for General Use. Approved for Public Release; Further Dissemination Unlimited
Electrical Wiring Methods, Components and Equipment for General Use Approved for Public Release; Further Dissemination Unlimited At the completion of this unit you shall be able to: 1. Utilize section
More informationFLAME RESISTANT (FR) NFPA 70E NESC OSHA 1910.269 ASTM F1506. CSA Z462 (Canada) Secondary Protection from Electric Flash fire hazards
FLAME RESISTANT (FR) CLOTHING featuring: NFPA 70E NESC OSHA 1910.269 ASTM F1506 CSA Z462 (Canada) Secondary Protection from Electric Flash fire hazards NFPA 2112 (Select Styles) NION MADE IN THE USA 31
More informationELECTRICAL & ARC FLASH SAFETY PROGRAM
ELECTRICAL & ARC FLASH SAFETY PROGRAM ADOPTED VERSIO 2, SEPTEMBER 26, 2012 Supercedes all prior versions A. COMMITTEE OVERSIGHT OF PROGRAM The University of Montana ( University ) recognizes the importance
More informationWritten Program ELECTRICAL SAFETY. Based on OSHA Subpart S and NFPA 70E Standards
Written Program ELECTRICAL SAFETY Based on OSHA Subpart S and NFPA 70E Standards Revised November 2012 Disclaimer The presentations and program provided by Workplace Safety Solutions, Inc. are based on
More informationRespiratory Safety and PPE Module 7. Special Warehouse Worker Hazards in Structural Steel Fabricating and Supply Companies
Respiratory Safety and PPE Special Warehouse Worker Hazards in Structural Steel Fabricating and Supply Companies Drawing from OSHA 3384-09 2011 1 Respiratory Safety and PPE OSHA Grant Information This
More informationMidwest Healthcare Engineering Conference and Trade Show 2012 Indianapolis, Indiana
Midwest Healthcare Engineering Conference and Trade Show 2012 Indianapolis, Indiana Arc Flash Overview An engineering solutions company November 7, 2012 Agenda Introductions Arc Flash defined History and
More informationPROCEDURES FOR SAFE WORKING AND TESTING OF ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Human Resources Support Services Health, Wellness and Safety PROCEDURES FOR SAFE WORKING AND TESTING OF ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 1 SCOPE The electrical safety procedure shall be part of the Peel
More informationAdditional information: -OSHA Instruction CPL 2.103, Field Inspection Reference Manual, Chapter IV, Section A -29 CFR 1910, Subpart I, Appendix B
1 Additional information: -OSHA Instruction CPL 2.103, Field Inspection Reference Manual, Chapter IV, Section A -29 CFR 1910, Subpart I, Appendix B -1910.1000(e) 2 1910.132(h) 72 FR 64341, Nov. 15, 2007
More informationDemystifying arc flash hazard management
Demystifying arc flash hazard management Presented by Matt Brazier Senior Electrical Engineer Gove Operations November 2013 Standard NFPA 70E IEEE 1584 AS/NZS 4836 TERMINOLOGY Arc arc flash hazard analysis
More informationNoise and Hearing Protection
Noise and Hearing Protection Noise and Hearing Safety Training This training module is designed to teach you about the purpose and benefits of a hearing conservation program. After completing the training,
More informationArc Flash Mitigation. Remote Racking and Switching for Arc Flash danger mitigation in distribution class switchgear.
Arc Flash Mitigation Remote Racking and Switching for Arc Flash danger mitigation in distribution class switchgear. Distance is Safety We will discuss through examples of actual occurrences and possible
More informationCampus Safety Procedure Electrical Safety
Campus Safety Procedure Electrical Safety Electrical Safety Procedures 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidance in the performance of work on electrical systems, wiring, and equipment
More informationElectrical Safety Program
California State University-Fullerton 800 N. State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92831 Prepared by: Paul A Zoubek, CSP, CIH President/Principal Consultant Zoubek Consulting, LLC 3737 Granada Ave. San Diego,
More informationUnion County Public Schools. Facilities Department. Electrical. Safe Work Practices
1 Union County Public Schools Facilities Department Electrical Safe Work Practices 2 Purpose In accordance with OSHA Standards 1910.331-335, safety-related work practices shall be used by Union County
More informationFLAME-RESISTANT APPAREL ELECTRIC UTILITY GENERAL INDUSTRIES ARC FLASH PROTECTION OIL & GAS
20 15 FLAME-RESISTANT APPAREL ELECTRIC UTILITY GENERAL INDUSTRIES ARC FLASH PROTECTION OIL & GAS THE BULWARK ADVANTAGE WORLD S LARGEST MANUFACTURER OF FLAME-RESISTANT APPAREL INDUSTRY LEADER IN FLAME-RESISTANT
More informationNoise at work a guide for health and safety representatives
Noise at work a guide for health and safety representatives Hearing problems caused by noise at work are far too common. The HSE estimates that 170,000 people in the UK suffer deafness, tinnitus or other
More informationElectrical Safety Program
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, STANISLAUS Electrical Safety Program LAST UPDATED 6/2/11 CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, STANISLAUS ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Purpose......2 2.0 Scope......2
More informationHampshire College. Lockout/Tagout and Electrical Safety Program and Procedures
Hampshire College Lockout/Tagout and Electrical Safety Program and Procedures January 2007 In Compliance with the OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 and 29 CFR 1910.331 through.335 And NFPA 70E Environmental Health
More informationARC FLASH CLOTHING - Spentex NG2 by Encon
- Spentex NG2 by Encon More Protection In heat and stress tests (NFPA 2112/ ASTM 1930), Spentex NG2 by Encon FR outperforms traditional FR fabrics. Higher Durability Setting the new standard in FR wear
More informationOSHA & ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
OSHA & ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS Impact of Revisions to the OSHA Electrical Safety Regulations Presented by: John J. Kolak, MS, CSP Introduction Important Definitions Understanding OSHA Applicable standards
More informationOPTIONAL INFORMATION ELECTRICAL SAFETY WORK PRACTICES SELF INSPECTION CHECKLIST
Name of School: OPTIONAL INFORMATION Date of Inspection: Vocational Program/Course/Room: Signature of Inspector: ELECTRICAL SAFETY WORK PRACTICES SELF INSPECTION CHECKLIST Instructions: This checklist
More informationInstallation Instructions for Alarm Module Kit A043F059
Instruction Sheet 07-2013 Installation Instructions for Alarm Module Kit A043F059 1 Introduction The information contained within is based on information available at the time of going to print. In line
More informationUL Validated Testing of Arc-Resistant Motor Control Centers
UL Validated Testing of Arc-Resistant Motor Control Centers Ensure Protective Features Perform as Designed Larry Sifers Account Manager Littleton, CO Siemens Industry June 1st - 3rd, 2011 Western Mining
More informationIndustrial Flash Fire and Burn Injury Fundamentals with an Instrumented Manikin Demonstration of Protective Clothing Performance
Abstract Industrial Flash Fire and Burn Injury Fundamentals with an Instrumented Manikin Demonstration of Protective Clothing Performance Susan L. Lovasic Thomas E. Neal, Ph.D. NFPA 2112 and 2113 are the
More informationPart 1 System Modeling & Studies for Existing Systems
Part 1 System Modeling & Studies for Existing Systems Operation Technology, Inc. Copyright 2009 Result of rapid release of energy due to an arcing fault between two conductors. Bus voltages > 208V Temperatures
More informationJob Site Electrical Safety A Matter of Life and Death
Job Site Electrical Safety A Matter of Life and Death Scott Forsyth, PE Senior Engineer Johnson Controls Performing the Job Right and on Time is Top Priority!!!! Right? Wrong!!!! Performing the Job Safely
More informationmisconceptions about arc-flash hazard assessments
misconceptions about arc-flash hazard assessments There are some common misconceptions about Arc-Flash Hazard Assessments which reduce the effectiveness of the Assessments and can increase electrical hazards.
More informationSALISBURY ASSESSMENT SOLUTIONS
SALISBURY ASSESSMENT SOLUTIONS Electrical engineering services for a safe and compliant workplace Electrical Safety Program Assessment - Safety Training Arc Flash Hazard Analysis - Power Systems Engineering
More informationSafety Training Topic PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Safety Training Topic PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Purpose of Meeting To remind workers that using personal protective equipment (PPE) can protect them from serious injury. To reince PPE safety rules.
More information15GAL STEEL OIL DRAIN WITH 110V PUMP
15GAL STEEL OIL DRAIN WITH 110V PUMP OWNER S MANUAL WARNING: Read carefully and understand all ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS before operating. Failure to follow the safety rules and other basic safety
More informationSBC90. Abrasive Blast Cabinet Assembly & Operating Instructions
SBC90 Abrasive Blast Cabinet Assembly & Operating Instructions READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS AND WARNINGS BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT. SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE. This manual provides important
More informationUnderstanding 2015 Changes to NFPA 70E Safety-related work practices and maintenance requirements mandate more robust electrical safety programs for
Understanding 2015 Changes to NFPA 70E Safety-related work practices and maintenance requirements mandate more robust electrical safety programs for commercial and industrial facilities Executive Summary
More informationReducing Arc Flash Risks with Electrical Maintenance Safety Devices
Reducing Arc Flash Risks with Electrical Maintenance Safety Devices By: Martin Robinson, CEO of IRISS Group and Level III Thermographer Abstract Electrical accidents, such as arc flashes, happen daily;
More informationUnderstanding 2015 Changes to NFPA 70E Safety-related work practices and maintenance requirements mandate more robust electrical safety programs for
Understanding 2015 Changes to NFPA 70E Safety-related work practices and maintenance requirements mandate more robust electrical safety programs for data centers Executive Summary Every three years, the
More information3053 Electrical Safety Training Program Course Outline
3053 Electrical Safety Training Program Course Outline The following outline summarizes the major points of information presented in the program. The outline can be used to review the program before conducting
More informationARC Flash Boundary & NFPA-70E Requirements PPE Program
ARC Flash Boundary & NFPA-70E Requirements PPE Program 1. Purpose and Scope The Arc Flash Boundary - PPE Program was developed to minimize the risk to AMS employees from safety and health hazards in the
More informationChoosing the Best Solution for Reducing Arc Energy
CONVENTION SESSION HANDOUT Choosing the Best Solution for Reducing Arc Energy Terry L. Schiazza, Business Development Manager Square D / Schneider Electric SESSION #11 Independent Electrical Contractors
More informationManagement Systems 10 Electrical Safety Audit 14 PPE 20 Arc Mitigation 22 Hazard Assessment 26
Management Systems 10 Electrical Safety Audit 14 PPE 20 Arc Mitigation 22 Hazard Assessment 26 Assessing The Hazards Of High and Low Voltage Single-Phase Arc-Flash By Albert Marroquin One common question
More informationWhat Are the Qualifications to Conduct Arc Flash Studies? Where Do You Begin?
What Are the Qualifications to Conduct Arc Flash Studies? Where Do You Begin? Comparing apples-to-apples bids Plant Services Special Report A shock hazard analysis should be included as part of an arc
More informationOSHA Published First-Ever Arc Flash Protection Requirements for the Electric Power Industry Significant changes and unprecedented compliance
OSHA Published First-Ever Arc Flash Protection Requirements for the Electric Power Industry Significant changes and unprecedented compliance deadlines require high-voltage facilities to take immediate
More informationProcedure Number 1022. Arc Flash Hazard Calculation and Required Protection Revision 5. TVA Safety Procedure Page 1 of 25. 1.
TVA Safety Procedure Page 1 of 25 Arc Flash Hazard Calculation and 1. Purpose April 30, 2007 1.1. This procedure defines TVA s method for calculating the electric arc flash incident energy at various distances,
More informationSafety Inspection Checklist
Inspector(s): Building: Room Number (s): Department/Unit: Date Inspected: Supervisor: To customize your local inspection checklist, delete or add as required. Inspection Headings: 1. Administrative 8.
More informationALVERNIA UNIVERSITY OSHA REGULATION: 29 CFR 1910.252 WELDING, CUTTING, AND BRAZING ( HOT WORK ) SECTION: 3600
OSHA REGULATION: 9 CFR 90.5 WELDING, CUTTING, AND BRAZING ( HOT WORK ) A. POLICY. This procedure follows requirements set forth in 9 CFR 90.5.. This policy applies to all Hot Work operations being done
More informationEUROPEAN STANDARDS PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING FOR FLAME RESISTANT. Alexander Gstettner, Lenzing AG Austria
EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR FLAME RESISTANT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Alexander Gstettner, Lenzing AG Austria W a t e r How are the standards organized? A 1 Testing Methods Standards specifiying performance
More informationKidd Mine Barricade Standards
Kidd Mine Barricade Standards Wednesday, February 13, 2013 Why Upgrade Our Barricade Standard? Eliminate any confusion with fences, signs and their purpose in our operation by applying an easily recognizable
More information! WARNING Arc Flash and Shock Hazard Appropriate PPE Required
Arc Flash Hazard Labeling Do s and Don ts! WARNING Arc Flash and Shock Hazard Appropriate PPE Required 11' - 3" Flash Hazard Boundary 9 cal/cm2 Flash Hazard at 18 inches #3 PPE Level Cotton underwear plus
More informationHow To Predict Personal Protective Equipment (Ppe)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Outlook for North American and Western European Labs and Research Facilities Focus on Research and Development to Boost Revenue, Especially in the Healthcare Sector
More informationUsing Infrared Sightglasses to Protect Against Arc-Flash Exposure
Using Infrared Sightglasses to Protect Against Arc-Flash Exposure Antony J. Holliday IEEE Member Hawk IR International, Ltd. 117 High Street, Marske-by-Sea Redcar, Cleveland TS116JX, United Kingdom Ph:
More informationSOUTHERN UTAH UNIVERSITY S WRITTEN HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM September 24, 2015
SOUTHERN UTAH UNIVERSITY S WRITTEN HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM September 24, 2015 1.0 PURPOSE: The objective of the Southern Utah University hearing conservation program is to minimize occupational hearing
More informationSAFETY in the work area is a broad topic because of the
A Safe Place to Work SAFETY in the work area is a broad topic because of the many components of agricultural mechanics. Safety is protection from injury or loss. Injury can result from improper use of
More informationHEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAMS
HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAMS Presented By: Roberto Sgrosso Occupational Hygienist WorkSafeNB October 8, 2015 OBJECTIVES At the end of this presentation, participants will be able to: Recognize the required
More informationRubber Insulating Products, Safety Equipment & Dielectric Testing Services
Rubber Insulating Products, Safety Equipment & Dielectric Testing Services For Electric Utilities, Contractors, Telecom, Cable Providers and General Industry VOLTGARD TEST LAB SAF-T-GARD INTERNATIONAL
More informationMini-led spotlight with magnetic base
Mini-led spotlight with magnetic base Model 95799 Assembly And Operation Instructions Due to continuing improvements, actual product may differ slightly from the product described herein. 3491 Mission
More informationHow to Build a Safe and Effective Electrical Maintenance Program
How to Build a Safe and Effective Electrical Maintenance Program The Business Case Ask Yourself the Following Questions: What is your dependence on electrical energy and control systems? What are the consequences
More informationElectrical Safety Program Version 0
Electrical Safety Program Version 0 This Electrical Safety Program is hereby approved by: Robert Andrews Facilities Director 9-3-12 Signature Title Date Donna Placzek Director, EHS 9-20-12 Signature Title
More informationOCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM As stated in NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, "Firefighting has been recognized as the most hazardous occupation in
More informationElectrical Safety in the Workplace
Electrical Safety in the Workplace NFPA 70 E Presented by Sabine Mueller What Made Sabine Choose Such a DRY Topic? Ulterior Motive Metso Mueller Engineering has been visiting many scrap yards two or more
More informationReducing Liability through Safety Labeling - Industrial Automation. Todd Fries
Reducing Liability through Safety Labeling - Industrial Automation Todd Fries Disclaimer HellermannTyton makes no representation or warranty regarding code compliance. The user is solely responsible to
More informationINDUSTRY WIDE LABOR-MANAGEMENT SAFETY COMMITTEE SAFETY BULLETIN #23
INDUSTRY WIDE LABOR-MANAGEMENT SAFETY COMMITTEE SAFETY BULLETIN #23 GUIDELINES FOR WORKING WITH PORTABLE POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT "ADDENDUM C" WORKING WITH 480 VOLT SYSTEMS
More informationElectrical Safety Plugs What are the different types of plugs? Extension Cords What are some potential hazards involving extension cords?
Electrical Safety Electricity can be a friend, but it can also hurt if you do not treat it with respect. Everyday someone loses his or her home or business due to an electrical fire. These tragedies are
More informationOSHA and NFPA 70 Understanding NFPA 70 and its Implications in Electrical Inspections 2010
OSHA and NFPA 70 Understanding NFPA 70 and its Implications in Electrical Inspections 2010 By: Martin Robinson, Level III Thermographer 18-1030-0005 Rev. A The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
More informationBypass transfer switch mechanisms
Power topic #6013 Technical information from Cummins Power Generation transfer switch mechanisms > White paper By Gary Olson, Director, Power Systems Development This paper describes the configuration
More informationARCO Electric Products Installation and Maintenance Manual Low Voltage Automatic Power Factor Correction Capacitor Systems 2013
ARCO Electric Products Installation and Maintenance Manual Low Voltage Automatic Power Factor Correction Capacitor Systems 2013 READ CAREFULLY These instructions are intended to cover good practices in
More informationPERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT HAZARD ASSESSMENT, EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND TRAINING DOCUMENTATION
DRAFT SAMPLE WRITTEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT HAZARD ASSESSMENT, EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND TRAINING DOCUMENTATION For Compliance With 1910.132 Wyoming General Rules and Regulations Wyoming Department
More informationGuideline for Hearing Conservation and Noise Control
EVERYONE'S RESPONSIBILITY Guideline for Hearing Conservation and Noise Control February 2007 Guideline for Hearing Conservation and Noise Control Workplace Safety & Health Division 200 401 York Avenue
More informationReport on Proposals June 2011 NFPA 70E. 70E-1 Log #7 EEW-AAA
70E-1 Log #7 EEW-AAA Palmer L. Hickman, National Joint Apprentice & Training Committee Revise text as follows: This edition of,, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace
More informationPERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Page 1 of 6 (PPE) Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used to protect an individual from hazards associated with their work tasks or environment. Specific types of personal protective equipment include
More informationMODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY At the end of this module, you will be able to Recognize key statistics relating to electrical injuries. Recognize OSHA regulations and other standards relating to electrical
More informationFACILITY SAFETY SIGNAGE GUIDE: 10 SIGNS TO SPOT DURING A PLANT WALKTHROUGH
FACILITY SAFETY SIGNAGE GUIDE: 10 SIGNS TO SPOT DURING A PLANT WALKTHROUGH Safety signs are the primary way to communicate important warnings and messages to your employees, on-site contractors and other
More informationIntegrating SPDs in Switchgear & Switchboards Causes More Problems than it Solves
Integrating SPDs in Switchgear & Switchboards Causes More Problems than it Solves White Paper July 2010 Integrating surge protective devices (SPD) into distribution equipment (i.e. switchgear, switchboards,
More informationSchool Science Lab Safety Guidelines
School Science Lab Safety Guidelines Occupational Safety & Health Bureau Montana Department of Labor & Industry Prepared for Montana Employers by the Occupational Safety & Health Bureau Department of Labor
More information