Study on the effect of Vitamin C on the biochemical parameters in Barbus grypus

Transcription

1 XIII International Conference on Advances in Biology Study on the effect of Vitamin C on the biochemical parameters in Barbus grypus Chelemal Dezfoul Nejad, M. 1, Moradi, M. 2, Mesbah, M. 3, Javaheri Babouli, M 4. 1

2 INTRODUCTION Shyrbut, also known as Barbus grypus, is one of the most significant fish species listed in the fresh waters of Iraq and in the rivers along South and Southwest Iran, the Karoon river, and also in The Euphrates River and Tigris Rivers in Turkey 2 Fig1.Barbus grypus

3 Nutritional requirements of an animal are a fundamental aspect that depends on species, habitat and live cycle stage.vitamins are important essential nutrients for most animal species. Vitamin deficiencies in fish under aquaculture are known to produce Role of Vitamin C 3 Metabolic roles including growth Increasing resistance to environmental stress such as crowding, lack of oxygen, toxins, nutritional deficiencies, temperature fluctuations, illness, healing Strengthening the immune system Increasing the body's resistance

4 Most teleosts lack an enzyme called L Gulonolactone oxidase unable to synthesize ascorbic acid of L - glucose Barbus grypus is unable to synthesize ascorbic acid Despite the economic importance of Barbuas grypus and its culture there is not enough information on the vitamin requirements of this species. So this study was conducted in order to characterize the different levels of dietary vitamin C (0, 200,400,800 and 1600 mg kg -1 diet) on biochemical parameters of Barbuas grypus. 4

5 MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study in order to examine the effect of vitamin C on the biochemical parameters of Barbus grypus: Total number :three hundred fry Weighing 25.4± 3.12g Divided into 15 groups (20 fish per group) and tagged Each fish group were stocked in 150 liter fiberglass tanks supplied with filtered karoon river water (DO: 8-10 ppm ; ph: 7.9 and T: 25±1 C) for acclimation. During this period (60 days) fish were fed three times a day with basal diet at a rate of 3% body weight per a day - 5

6 Experimental Diets Five levels of vitamin C (0, 200,400,800 and 1600 mg kg -1 diet) and their combination were used to prepare five experimental diets. The proximate composition (AOAC, 2000) of the basal diet was: moisture 15%, crude protein 25.8%, crude lipid 12.2%, crude ash 7.2% and crude fiber 6.75%. 6

7 Basal Diet ingredients Diet ingredient Percentage(%) Fish meal 20 Soybean meal Casein 1 Corn meal 16.6 Barely meal 13 Wheat meal 3.7 Rice meal 14.2 Wheat bran 6.5 Sunflower oil 7.44 Zeolite Powder 0.47 Vitamin miture 1 7 Mineral miture 1

8 Biochemical Assay Blood samples were obtained from fish at the end of experiment -Fishes were fasted for 24 h before sampling. -Six fish of each tank were randomly chosen and anesthetized -Five milliliters of blood samples were collected from the caudal vein with heparinized 27- gauge needles for determination of Biochemical Parameters - Total serum protein was determined using refractometer (model SPR-NE, Japan) - Plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride were determined enzymatically using spectrophotometer (model RA-1000, Technicon Corp., USA) and Pars Azmun kits (Iran). 8

9 Statistical Analysis One Way Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan s Multiple Range test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of differences among the treatments. Differences between the treatment means were considered significant at p < 0.05 level. 9

10 Total Protein(gr/dl) The results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean amount of total protein, between the fish fed with the different diets designed for this experiment (p>0.05). Total Protein 8 7 a a 6 5 a a a Level of Vitamin C(mg/kg diet)

11 Glucose(mg/dl) Cholesterol(mg/dl) Results reveal that Fish fed diets containing 1600 mg kg -1 vitamin C had the significant decreased in the mean amount of cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride (p<0.05) Glucose b ab ab ab Cholesterol b ab ab a Level of Vitamin C(mg/kg diet) Level of Vitamin C(mg/kg diet) 11

12 Triglycerid(mg/dl) Triglycerid Triglycerid a ab ab ab b Level of Vitamin C( mg/kg diet) 12

13 VI-DISCUSSION Branching from L-gulonic acid, the biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C comprises three consecutive steps: first, the enzymatic lactonization of L-gulonic acid catalyzed by L- gulonolactone hydrolase, second, the oxidation of L-gulonolactone catalyzed by L- gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) and third, the spontaneous isomerization of 2-keto-Lgulonolactone leading to vitamin C 13

14 The general view is that animals lacking GLO are unable to synthesize vitamin C and thus depend upon a dietary source of the vitamin The results of this study on biochemical parameters revealed that dietary levels of vitamin C influences glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride but had no significant effects on total protein in Barbus grypus. Andrade et al. (2007) reflected that high vitamins C and E concentrations could stimulate protein production in fish, suggesting an important role of both vitamins in the modulation of plasma proteins 14

15 But our study showed that plasma protein was not significantly affected by dietary vitamin C levels Similar results were obtained by Sealy and Gatlin (2002) for hybrid striped bass, Garcia et al. (2007) for Piaractus mesopotamicus and Chen et al. (2004) for golden shiner all fed diets supplemented with different levels of vitamins C and E In fish, glucose concentration may vary greatly depending on the physiological status of the animal. 15

16 The higher values for glucose, cholesterol, and tryglicerides in the control group and their reduction in treatment groups were in agreement with previous studies Similar to our results, Shiau,et al. 2002, reported that serum glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations decreased, whereas protein and albumin concentrations increased when both dietary vitamin C also vitamin E were increased. According to Melson,et al 1992, Vitamin C has an important role in analysis of cholesterol to bile acids. This fact revealed the role of Vitamin C in regulating the cholesterol level which is in agreement with the results of this study 16

17 Increases in concentrations of glucose may be attributed to increased glucocorticoid secretion, which increases glucogenesis Dietary vitamin C may reverse these changes, presumably by reducing the secretion and/or synthesis of glucocorticoids Generally, it is assumed that the nutritional state of a fish can affect the animal health 17

18 18 Thank you