Ethics and The Internet of Things

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Asher Montgomery
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1 Ethics and The Internet of Things Jeroen van den Hoven Delft University of Technology Scientific Director 3TU Centre for Ethics and Technology

2 People Involved Jeroen van den Hoven Rob van Kranenburg Angela Peirera Rolf Weber Hendrik Vom Lehn Engin Bozdag Fracien Dechesne Job Timmermans TU-Delft research staff

3 Some relevant recent documents on Ethics and IoT 1) EGE 2) ETICA Ethics of Emerging ICT s EU FP7 3) Responsible Innovation Impact Assessment (DG Research; Science & Society)

4 1) European Group on Ethics Opinion of EGE no.26 Ethics of Information and Communication Technologies P. 83 section March 2012 The use of IOT changes radically the relationship between humans and interconnected autonomous objects ethics questions related to autonomy, security, equity, equality, justice (access, discrimination, data profiling, confidentiality

5 Ethical Issues of Emerging ICT Applications Funded by the European Commission International & Multidisciplinary collaboration Final Presentation in Brussels 31 March ) ETICA project

6 Future Internet Ambient Intelligence RFID Affective Computing Cloud Computing Bioelectronics Neuroelectronics Artificial Intelligence Human Computer Symbiosis Emerging ICT s

7 Visualisation of most prominent topics Clustering of network data (Bibliometric networks) Van Eck, Waltman (2007; 2009) 1038 articles/ abstracts On computer & information ethics Last 7 Years ( ) Semantic Proximity between concepts Frequency of co-occurrent terms in context Bibliometric analysis Computer Ethics Literature

8 Bibliometric Map I

9 Bibliometric Map II

10 Findings of ETICA: Privacy and Data Protection Equality Responsibility Liability Safety Security Freedom and Liberty Trust Problems with IoT

11 Argument from (A) utility, well-being, sustainability, health, safety, security (B) Epistemic and Moral Responsibility Moral Arguments in favor of Internet of Things

12 Morally Relevant characteristics of IoT - (1) Ubiquity - (2) Invisibility - (3) Ambiguous ontology - (4) Identification - (5) Connectivity - (6) Mediation and autonomous agency - (7) Embedded intelligence and extended mind: - (8) Seamless interaction - (9) Distributed control - (10) Big Data - (11) Unpredictability, uncertainty, extreme dynamics and complexity

13 This analysis not about privacy (cluster of identity related moral issues) Data Protection: Because: 1. Harm prevention 2. Equality, fairness, level playing field 3. Contextual integrity 4. Moral Autonomy, identity and self presentation Problems

14 1. Social justice. (Digital) Divides. Positionality; cf Financial world 2. Trust 3. Separation. Blurring of contexts and social spheres, e,g. Private vs. Public, health, education, 4. Discourse Framing. Non-neutrality of IoT metaphors; 5. Agency: social contract between people and objects? Problems for liability and responsibility 6. Autonomy: Informed consent vs. obfuscation of functionality Problems

15 3) EU Expert Group on Responsible Research and Innovation Jan 2012-december 2012 Chair: Van den Hoven Lino Paula (DG Research Science & Society, EU) Impact Assessment Definition of what counts as Responsible Innovation Smart Meter/Smart Grids Case study

16 Moral Values can serve as drivers of Innovation 1. Moral values as irrelevant for innovation, business case, economics 2. Moral Values as constraint 3. Moral Values as central consideration 4. Realizing and active pursuit of the conditions of taking responsibility

17 Non-Functional Requirements Responsibility Privacy Accountability Agency Autonomy Sustainability Safety Security Values Norms Laws Ideals Ethics Principles Express Implement Justify Audit Artefacts Architectures Materials Standards Security Systems Infrastructure Computers Oiltankers Airplanes Reactors Roads Internet Electricity Grids Hospitals 21st Century: Value Sensitive Design

18 Interface Infrastructures Algorithms Ontologies Code Protocols Integrity constraints Architecture Identity Management Authorization Matrix Procedures Regulations Incentive structures Auction mechanisms Voting mechanism Inspection Monitoring Values Built into Systems

19 technical artifacts, technical infrastructure, communication tools, humans, corporate agents, institutions, rules and regulations, Procedures Incentives Values Responsible Design of Socio - Technical Systems

20 Engineers are Choice Architects (Thaler & Sunstein)

21 Design for privacy Design for inclusion Design for sustainability Design for democracy Design for safety Design for transparency Design for accountability Design for human capabilities Design for X

22 Smart Electricity Grids & Smart Meters

23 We want Sustainability

24 We also want Privacy

25 Sustainability Moral Overload

26 Sustainability No Privacy, no Sustainability

27 Sustainability Privacy or Sustainabili

28 Privacy sustainability Security Privacy & Sustainability

29 Value Synergy

30 Miraculous Value Synergy

31 Balance between Functionality and Privacy Solution by Smart Design: IBM s Clipped Tag

32 Ruth Barcan Marcus (1980) a secondorder obligation to avoid moral dilemmas: One ought to act in such a way that, if one ought to do X and one ought to do Y, then one can do both X and Y. By Design Values as Drivers of Innovation Moral Overload Obligation to seek Value Synergy

33 Responsible Innovation Not Primarily about the self-parking car

34 Intelligent Vehicles Systems that address the Grand Challenges: Sustainability Mobility Safety Equality Responsible Innovation

35 Studying Morally interesting design features Killing tags and sensors Making visible, reversible invisibility Putting to sleep, inactivation Limiting range of antennae Blocking, jamming exchange Information Architecture, governance, protocols, standards Conditions on reconfiguration and function assignment Sousveillance features

The Ethics of Cloud Computing A Conceptual Review

The Ethics of Cloud Computing A Conceptual Review The A Conceptual Review Job Timmermans, TU Delft, Department of Philosophy, The Netherlands Bernd Carsten Stahl, De Montfort, Critical Research in Technology, UK Veikko Ikonen, VTT, Finland Engin Bozdag,