2013 ElectriCities Electric Utility Webinar Series
|
|
|
- Luke Beasley
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 2013 ElectriCities Electric Utility Webinar Series Sizing of Transformers Calculation of Loads
2 Demand and Demand Factor Demand The value of electrical power required for a particular load. Expressed in kw. Usually averaged over a 15-minute or 30-minute period for billing purposes. Peak Demand The maximum Demand of the whole system at any one time.
3 Demand and Demand Factor Demand Factor The Peak Demand of the whole system compared to the connected Demand of the system. Expressed as a percentage or a ratio less than 1.
4 Demand and Demand Factor Example - Average Home Typical Electrical Loads: Water Heater 4,500 watts (4.5 kw) Range / Oven 8,000 watts (8.0 kw) Central Air Conditioner 6,000 watts (6.0 kw) Clothes Dryer 5,000 watts (5.0 kw) Dishwasher 2,000 watts (2.0 kw) Lighting, Fans, Appliances, Other 7,500 watts (7.5 kw) Connected Demand = 33 kw Peak Demand = 18 kw Demand Factor = 18 kw / 33 kw = 0.545
5 Diversity Method Residential Transformer Loading Information Required Average Square Footage of the Homes Number of Homes with Gas and Electric Heat Information from Tables Peak kw Demand for the size of the home. Add all of the Peak Demands for the number of homes connected to the transformer. Apply the appropriate Diversity Factor to the connected Peak Demand for the number of homes. Use the calculated Demand to determine the size of the transformer based on the Maximum kva Loading.
6 Residential Transformer Loading
7 Residential Transformer Loading Example Diversity Method 5 Homes - All Electric; between 1,500 and 1,800 square feet. Step 1 Determine the Connected Peak kw for each home. Electric Summer Electric Winter Gas Summer Gas Winter kw for 1,200 s.f kw for 1,500 s.f kw for 1,800 s.f kw for 2,400 s.f kw for 3,000 s.f
8 Residential Transformer Loading Example Diversity Method Peak kw per Home = 20 kw winter; 16 kw summer Step 2 Add the Peak Demands for all of the homes. 20 kw x 5 homes = 100 kw Winter Peak Demand 16 kw x 5 homes = 80 kw Summer Peak Demand Step 3 Apply the Diversity Factor to the Connected Peak Demand. Number of Customers Diversity Factor 100% 90% 75% 65% 63% 62% 61% 61% 61% 61% Number of Customers Diversity Factor 60% 59% 58% 58% 57% 57% 56% 54% 54% 54%
9 Residential Transformer Loading Example Diversity Method Diversity Factor for 5 homes = 63% Step 4 Calculate the Peak Load on the Transformer. 100 kw x 63% = 63 kw; 80 kw x 63% = 51 kw Step 5 Determine the Transformer Size based on the Maximum kva Loading Table. Transformer Size Summer 140% Winter 160% Transformer Size Summer 140% Winter 160%
10 Residential Transformer Loading Example Diversity Method Step 4 Calculate the Peak Load on the Transformer. Winter Demand = 100 kw x 63% = 63 kw Summer Demand = 80 kw x 63% = 51 kw Step 5 Determine the Transformer Size based on the Maximum kva Loading Table. For a 37.5 kva Transformer: Winter 160% Loading = 60 kw Summer 140% Loading = 53 kw For a 50 kva Transformer: Winter 160% Loading = 80 kw Summer 140% Loading = 70 kw
11 Demand and Coincidence Factor Coincidence Factor A ratio of the average running kw load to the connected kw load on a utility transformer based on the number of customers connected to the transformer. Expressed as a percentage or a ratio less than 1. Usually will decrease as the number of connected customers increases. Applied by the use of tables.
12 Residential Transformer Loading Coincidence Factor Method Information Required Highest Summer kwh and Winter kwh Usage (from billing records). Number of Homes Connected to the Transformer. Information from Tables Determine the kw Demand for the home based on kwh usage. Add all of the Peak Demands for the customers connected to the transformer. Apply the appropriate Coincidence Factor to the connected Peak Demand. Use the calculated Demand to determine the size of the transformer based on the Maximum kva Loading.
13 Residential Transformer Loading
14 Residential Transformer Loading Example Coincidence Factor Method 3 Homes Step 1 Determine the Summer and Winter Peak kwh Usage for each home (listed in table below) Summer kwh Winter kwh Customer # 1 2, Customer # 2 2,734 1,274 Customer # 3 1,849 1,283
15 Residential Transformer Loading Example Coincidence Factor Method Step 2 Determine the kw Demand for each home. Step 3 Add the kw Demands. Summer Winter kwh kw Demand kwh kw Demand Customer #1 2, Customer #2 2, , Customer #3 1, , Totals
16 Residential Transformer Loading Example Coincidence Factor Method Step 3 Add the kw Demands. Summer Demand = 35.0 kw Winter Demand = 27.7 kw Step 4 Determine the Coincidence Factor for the number of customers from the table. Number of Customers Coincidence Factor
17 Residential Transformer Loading Example Coincidence Factor Method Step 4 Determine the Coincidence Factor for the number of customers from the table. Coincidence Factor = 0.74 Step 5 Multiply the total kw Demand by the Coincidence Factor for Summer and Winter loads. Summer Transformer Demand = 35.0 kw x 0.74 = 25.9 kw Winter Transformer Demand = 27.7 kw x 0.74 = 20.5 kw Summer Winter Coincidence Factor Total kw Demand Transformer kw Demand Coincidence Factor Total kw Demand Transformer kw Demand kw 25.9 kw kw 20.5 kw
18 Residential Transformer Loading Example Coincidence Factor Method Step 6 The answer yields the peak 15-minute demand on the transformer. Summer Transformer Demand = 35.0 kw x 0.74 = 25.9 kw Winter Transformer Demand = 27.7 kw x 0.74 = 20.5 kw Apply the two kw demands in step 5 to the Maximum kva Loading table for transformers. Transformer Size Summer 140% Winter 160% Transformer Size Summer 140% Winter 160%
19 Residential Transformer Loading Example Coincidence Factor Method Determine the Transformer Size based on the Maximum kva Loading Table. Summer Transformer Demand = 25.9 kw Winter Transformer Demand = 20.5 kw For a 15 kva Transformer: Summer 140% Loading = 21 kw Winter 160% Loading = 24 kw For a 25 kva Transformer: Summer 140% Loading = 35 kw Winter 160% Loading = 40 kw
20 Residential Transformer Loading Example Adding a New Customer Step 1 - Determine the Additional Load on the Transformer based on the Diversity Method Tables. New 2,200 square foot Home, Total Electric. Summer Peak = 18 kw Winter Peak = 21 kw Step 2 - Add kw for the New Customer to the Total Connected Load of the Existing Customers
21 Residential Transformer Loading Example Adding a New Customer Step 2 - Add kw for the New Customer to the Total Connected Load of the Existing Customers Summer Winter kwh kw Demand kwh kw Demand Customer #1 2, Customer #2 2, , Customer #3 1, , New Customer Totals
22 Residential Transformer Loading Example Adding a New Customer Step 3 Add the kw Demands. Summer Demand = 53.0 kw Winter Demand = 48.7 kw Step 4 Determine the Coincidence Factor for the number of customers from the table. Number of Customers Coincidence Factor
23 Residential Transformer Loading Example Adding a New Customer Step 4 Determine the Coincidence Factor for the number of customers from the table. Coincidence Factor = 0.66 Step 5 Multiply the total kw Demand by the Coincidence Factor for Summer and Winter loads. Summer Transformer Demand = 53.0 kw x 0.66 = 35.0 kw Winter Transformer Demand = 48.7 kw x 0.66 = 32.1 kw Summer Winter Coincidence Factor Total kw Demand Transformer kw Demand Coincidence Factor Total kw Demand Transformer kw Demand kw 35.0 kw kw 32.1 kw
24 Residential Transformer Loading Example Adding a New Customer Step 6 The answer yields the peak 15-minute demand on the transformer. Summer Transformer Demand = 53.0 kw x 0.66 = 35.0 kw Winter Transformer Demand = 48.7 kw x 0.66 = 32.0 kw Apply the two kw demands in step 5 to the Maximum kva Loading table for transformers. Transformer Size Summer 140% Winter 160% Transformer Size Summer 140% Winter 160%
25 Residential Transformer Loading Square Footage Table Method Very Useful in Sizing and Laying out Transformers in New Subdivisions Information Required Average Square Footage of Homes in the Section of the Subdivision Number of Homes that are Total Electric and that have Gas Heat. Number of Homes proposed to connect to each transformer location.
26 Residential Transformer Loading Square Footage Table Method Information from Tables The Number of Total Electric Customers. The Number of Gas Heat Customers The Number of Homes that will be connected at the Transformer Location. Use the Table to Determine the Transformer Size for the particular Location
27 Residential Transformer Loading Example Square Footage Table Method 3 Homes - Gas Heat; between 1,500 and 1,800 square feet. 4 Homes - Total Electric; between 1,500 and 1,800 square feet.
28 Residential Transformer Loading Example Square Footage Table Method 3 Homes; Gas Heat; go down from 3 Gas Customers 4 Homes; Total Electric; go right from 4 Electric Customers Table recommends 50 kva transformer.
29 Residential Transformer Loading Diversity Method - Useful when sizing transformers for new customer load. Can be used with a variety of sizes of homes located within the same subdivision. Useful when there is a mix of Total Electric and Gas Heat homes. Square Footage Table Method - Useful when sizing transformers for new customer load. Can only be used when the sizes of homes to be served from the service transformer are relatively the same size. Useful when there is a mix of Total Electric and Gas Heat homes.
30 Residential Transformer Loading Coincidence Factor Method - Useful when sizing transformers for existing loads or adding new load to existing loads. Can be used with only available customer billing information. Easily accommodates the addition of new residential loads to existing service transformer locations.
31 Commercial Transformer Loading Watts per Square Foot Method Information Required Type of Business or Institution. Total square footage of the facility. Information from Tables By using the Average Watts per Square Foot tables the average kw Demand of the facility can be estimated.
32 Commercial Transformer Loading
33 Commercial Transformer Loading % of Connected Load Method Information Required Type of Business or Institution. Total connected electrical load of the facility. Information from Tables By using the % of Connected Load tables the average kw Demand of the facility can be estimated.
34 Commercial Transformer Loading
35 Commercial Transformer Loading
36 Commercial Transformer Loading
37 Commercial Transformer Loading Example Watts per Square Foot Method Grocery Store Winter = 10.1 watts per square foot For structures with electric heat. Summer = 10.4 watts per square foot Size of the Facility = 40,000 square feet Average Demand: Winter = 40,000 x 10.1 = 404,000 watts = 404 kw Summer = 40,000 x 10.4 = 416,000 watts = 416 kw
38 Commercial Transformer Loading Example % of Connected Load Method Grocery Store Total Connected Load = 920 kw Of the total 920 kw, 250 kw is Winter Heating. Average Demand: Winter = 920 kw x 45% = 414 kw Summer = (920 kw 250 kw) = 670 kw x 61% = 409 kw
39 Commercial Transformer Loading Comparison of Two Methods Grocery Store Watts per Square Foot Method Winter = 404 kw Summer = 416 kw % of Connected Load Method Winter = 414 kw Summer = 409 kw The calculated Peak kw Demand for the Grocery Store should be around 400 kw. These calculations would then be used to determine the Transformer Size.
40 Commercial Transformer Loading Application of Maximum kva Loading on Three Phase Transformers for Commercial Applications Watts per Square Foot Method Winter = 404 kw Summer = 416 kw % of Connected Load Method Winter = 414 kw Summer = 409 kw Transformer Size Summer 120% Winter 140% Transformer Size Summer 120% Winter 140% , ,000 1,200 1, ,500 1,800 2, ,500 3,000 3,500
41 Commercial Transformer Loading Determine the Transformer Size based on the Maximum kva Loading Table. Maximum Average Transformer Demand Summer = 416 kw Winter = 414 kw For a 225 kva Transformer: Summer 120% Loading = 270 kw Winter 140% Loading = 315 kw For a 300 kva Transformer: Summer 120% Loading = 360 kw Winter 140% Loading = 420 kw For a 500 kva Transformer: Summer 120% Loading = 600 kw Winter 140% Loading = 700 kw
42 Commercial Transformer Loading Another Method Engineering Loading Data Use the supplied electrical loading data supplied by the building electrical plans supplied by the building s engineer. Information will include total connected and diversified load information. This information and calculations used in the engineers determination are based on National Electric Code load tables, not on Utility practices and history. Be Cautious Check the calculations for yourself to satisfy yourself that you are installing the correct size transformer so serve the load.
43 Commercial Transformer Loading Another Method Engineering Loading Data TOTAL CONNECTED ELECTRICAL LOAD DESCRIPTION AMPS AT 277/480, 3 PHASE, 4 WIRE L-1 L-2 L-3 KVA INTERIOR LIGHTS EXTERNAL LIGHTS RECEPTACLES AHU FAN & UNIT HEATER FANS EXHAUST FANS ELECTRIC HEAT * COOLING * WATER HEATERS SHOP EQUIPMENT MISCELLANEOUS TOTAL * NOT CALCULATED IN TOTAL
44 Commercial Transformer Loading Another Method Engineering Loading Data School Maintenance Building 44 kva Connected Load 3,000 Square Foot Facility Key Electrical Components Derated for Average Demand: Receptacles: 12 kva derate to 5% = 0.6 kva Lighting: 5 kva derate to 85% = 4.25 kva Water Heating: 5 kva derate to 25% = 1.25 kva Fans: 5 kva derate to 40% = 2 kva Heating: 10 kva derate to 80% = 8 kva Shop Equipment & Misc: 7 kva derate to 35% = 2.45 kva Average Demand = kva
45 Engineered Loading Data Industrial / Large Commercial Transformer Loading Panel Schedules Actual Diversified Load Tables Watts per Square Foot Tables Usage History from Other Electric Utilities (Other Cities, Co- Op, Investor Owned, and other similar facilities on the same system)
46 Industrial / Large Commercial Transformer Loading
47 Industrial / Large Commercial Transformer Loading Areas of Consideration in Sizing Transformers for High Load Factor Customer High load factor customers use a large amount of energy (kwh) for extended periods of time. 24-hours per day, 7-days per week department store is high load factor usage as compared 10-hour per day, 6-days per week local merchant which has a lower load factor.
48 Industrial / Large Commercial Transformer Loading Areas of Consideration in Sizing Transformers for High Load Factor Customer (continued) Due to the extended energy usage service transformers do not have a chance to cool down from operating at their nameplate rating. Normal distribution class transformers are not designed to operate at their nameplate rating for extended periods of time.
49 Industrial / Large Commercial Transformer Loading Areas of Consideration in Sizing Transformers for High Load Factor Customer (continued) To account for the high load factor usage transformers to serve this class of customer need to be oversized by 20% to 30% or specified as a substation class transformer. Substation class transformers can operate at their nameplate rating for extended periods without excess heating of the core.
50 Delta Secondary (High-Leg) Transformer Sizing Two-Transformer vs. Three-Transformer Bank Sizing Two-Transformer Banks Two-Transformers Banks work well for Single Phase Loads and relatively small Three Phase Loads. Two-Transformer Banks are more stable than Three-Transformer Banks because the Neutral on the Primary Side of the bank is Grounded. Three-Transformer Banks Three-Transformer Banks are well suited for Single Phase Loads and Large Three Phase Loads.
51 Delta Secondary (High-Leg) Transformer Sizing
52 Secondary Conductor Sizing Example 4/0 Aluminum Service Drop; 150 feet in length; 25 kva of load. kva x Feet = 3,750
53 Future Webinar Discussion Future Webinar Topics Future Webinar Frequency Webinar Instructors
54 2013 ElectriCities Electric Utility Webinar Series Sizing of Transformers Calculation of Loads
How To Prevent Bushfires In Virginia
Bushfire Start Minimisation Review Trial of remote area power supplies Victorians use electricity every day. It is essential to the way that we run our lives, our businesses, and our economy. However,
Heating & Cooling Efficiency
Heating & Cooling Efficiency Advantages of Geothermal HVAC Efficiency Keith Swilley Gulf Power Company Why Gulf Power Promotes Energy Efficiency? Customer Satisfaction Education Help Customers Make Smart
City of Riverside Building & Safety Division Residential Electric Vehicle (EV) Charger Guidelines
Western Riverside County Code Uniformity Program City of Riverside Building & Safety Division Residential Electric Vehicle (EV) Charger Guidelines PHONE (951) 826-5697 3900 Main Street, Riverside, CA 92522
Electric Vehicle Charging Station Installation Guidelines: Residential and Commercial Locations
Electric Vehicle Charging Station Installation Guidelines: Residential and Commercial Locations Streamlining Permitting and Inspection of Residential and Commercial Electric Vehicle Charging Station Installations
How To Wire A Three Phase, Single Phase, Wye Transformer
Three-Phase Transformers When more power is needed - three transformers can be tied together. This is called three-phase. Here s a simple way of comparing single-phase to threephase power. Single-Phase
How To Get A Power Line Extension
GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC SERVICE HOOKUP 1 Steps to Commercial Service Pay the Design Deposit Commercial Buildings: Up to 1, sq ft = $1,. 1, 5, sq ft = $2,. Over 5, sq ft = $3,. Commercial jobs
A SOLAR GUIDE - EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW
WE BRING GREEN SOLUTIONS TO YOU A SOLAR GUIDE - EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW Provided by A COOLER PLANET A Cooler Planet 1 The Complete Solar Guide WHY GO SOLAR? TOP FIVE FACTORS TO CONSIDER FOR ADDING
Understanding Your Colorado XCEL Energy Electric Bill April, 2015 Reed Consulting Services 1. INTRODUCTION
Sustainable Energy Technology Simplified Understanding Your Colorado XCEL Energy Electric Bill April, 2015 Reed Consulting Services 1. INTRODUCTION Most Utility bills are painfully hard to read, whether
GUIDE TO NET ENERGY METERING. www.heco.com
GUIDE TO NET ENERGY METERING www.heco.com Welcome to Net Energy Metering As a Net Energy Metering (NEM) customer, you are helping Hawaii reach its clean energy goals. Your photovoltaic (PV) system should
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES BUILDING AND SAFETY DIVISION ELECTRICAL CODE FEE SCHEDULE (Title 27 of the County of Los Angeles Code, Ord No.
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES BUILDING AND SAFETY DIVISION ELECTRICAL CODE FEE SCHEDULE (Title 27 of the County of Los Angeles Code, Ord No. 2013-0049) Effective July 1, 2014, Electrical Permit Fees in the unincorporated
Understanding Power Factor and How it Affects Your Electric Bill. Presented by Scott Peele PE
Understanding Power Factor and How it Affects Your Electric Bill Presented by Scott Peele PE Understanding Power Factor Definitions kva, kvar, kw, Apparent Power vs. True Power Calculations Measurements
2015 RACE TO ZERO STUDENT DESIGN COMPETITION
2015 RACE TO ZERO STUDENT DESIGN COMPETITION Team Members / Industrial Partners A. TEAM and INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS B C D E F G H I A. TEAM B C D E F G H I J A C D E F G H I J B. DESIGN GOALS Project Site
What s a Kilowatt-hour Good For?
What s a Kilowatt-hour Good For? Introduction Given 1 kw-h of energy, what can an electrical appliance do? How long will a lamp shine before it s consumed 1 kw-h? How many slices of toast can a toaster
New Section 135 Requirements for Electrical Distribution Systems
New Section 135 Requirements for Electrical Distribution Systems 2013 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards Architectural Energy Corp. Draft Final Report August 15 2011 James R Benya, PE Principal
Branch Circuit Calculations
Branch Circuit Calculations by Gerald Newton October 31, 1999 1. A 20 ampere, 120 volt, 2-wire branch circuit has a maximum load capacity of watts or volt-amperes. Reference: Using the following for Single
For. The Conservation Bureau Ontario Power Authority
Assessment of Proposed Changes to the Ontario Building Code to Increase the Energy Efficiency of New Low & High Rise Buildings: Cost/Benefit to Meet and Exceed OBC in the Affordable Housing Sector For
Department of Water and Power City of Los Angeles PROPOSED RATE RESTRUCTURING
Department of Water and Power City of Los Angeles PROPOSED RATE RESTRUCTURING 1 RATE RESTRUCTURING OBJECTIVES Provide accurate price signals that give customers an incentive to use electricity in an efficient
ESTIMATING PLUMBING, HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC), AND ELECTRICAL WORK
C H A P T E R 7 ESTIMATING PLUMBING, HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC), AND ELECTRICAL WORK OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter and completing the review questions, you should be able
Potential of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Savings To Impact Florida s Projected Energy Use in 2014
Potential of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Savings To Impact Florida s Projected Energy Use in 2014 Author Fairey, Philip Publication Number FSEC-RR-58-06 Copyright Copyright Florida Solar Energy
Chapter 10: Peak Demand and Time-Differentiated Energy Savings Cross-Cutting Protocols
Chapter 10: Peak Demand and Time-Differentiated Energy Savings Cross-Cutting Protocols Frank Stern, Navigant Consulting Subcontract Report NREL/SR-7A30-53827 April 2013 Chapter 10 Table of Contents 1 Introduction...2
Sample Ordinance Consolidating All Rates
Sample Ordinance Consolidating All Rates WHEREAS, it is necessary to consolidate all rates charged for utilities and other services provided by the City; and WHEREAS, Chapter 3 of the City Code and other
Energy Benchmarking Report for Lafayette Elementary School Bound Brook, NJ
Energy Benchmarking Report for Lafayette Elementary School Bound Brook, NJ (for the period: March 2007 through February 2009) Prepared by: Background & Findings The New Jersey Clean Energy Program (NJCEP)
Electric Rate Book Revision: 13 (12-17-15) Page No. 1 Effective date: 1-1-16 SMALL COMMERCIAL
Connexus Energy Section III - Business Electric Rate Book Revision: 13 (12-17-15) Page No. 1 Effective date: 1-1-16 SMALL COMMERCIAL Availability Available to non-residential customers for either single-phase
Do your own home energy audit
Do your own home energy audit Are you spending too much on your energy bills? Find out how you use energy in the home and what you can do to start saving $ www.sa.gov.au/energysmart Do your own home energy
Smart Storage and Control Electric Water Heaters. Greg Flege, Supervisor, Load Management Midwest Rural Energy Conference March 3, 2011
Smart Storage and Control Electric Water Heaters Greg Flege, Supervisor, Load Management Midwest Rural Energy Conference March 3, 2011 Dairyland Power Cooperative 25 Member Co-ops 16 Municipals 253,000
DTE Energy Pilot Programs DTE Insight & Retro-Commissioning MPSC Collaborative Joint Workgroup
DTE Energy Pilot Programs DTE Insight & Retro-Commissioning MPSC Collaborative Joint Workgroup April 21, 2015 DTE Energy Pilot Program DTE Insight MPSC Collaborative Joint Workgroup April 21, 2015 DTE
Energy Efficiency. Energy Efficient Water Heating: Purchasing a new electric water heater. Hot water use has a significant impact on your bill.
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficient Water Heating: Purchasing a new electric water heater. Water heating accounts for about 18 percent of your home energy bill. Only space heating and cooling account for
Solar Photovoltaic Frequently Asked Questions
Table of Contents 1. What is Solar Energy?... 2 2. What are the basic component of a Solar PV system?.2 3. What are the different types of PV systems ATL offers?...2 4. What is the difference between mono-crystalline
Q1 2011 Utility Rebate Report. Houston, TX
Q1 2011 Utility Rebate Report A service of the Sustainable Corporate Real Estate Roundtable Houston, TX April 7, 2011 (Captures regulations through March 31, 2011) This Report is one of a series of reports
Potential Savings with Events2HVAC Event Automation Software
Potential Savings with Events2HVAC Event Automation Software September 2010 Introduction The Events2HVAC event automation software is the energy and labor saving bridge between your facility's event/room
Business Energy Efficiency. Webinar August 29, 2012
Business Energy Efficiency Webinar August 29, 2012 Today s presenters and some notes... John Pirko LeClairRyan Greg Booth PowerServices, Inc. Roy Palk LeClairRyan Welcome. With the high number of attendees,
The Art of Turning Wholesale Rates into Retail Rates. Paul Garcia The Prime Group, LLC
The Art of Turning Wholesale Rates into Retail Rates Larry Feltner/ Paul Garcia The Prime Group, LLC Wholesale Rates are Important! Represent 60% - 70% of coops costs Based on structure, can promote or
Calculating Total Power Requirements for Data Centers
Calculating Total Power Requirements for Data Centers By Richard Sawyer White Paper #3 Executive Summary Part of data center planning and design is to align the power and cooling requirements of the IT
Figure. 1 - Split Phase 240/120V circuit (180 phase shift)
This technical note describes the option of connecting the 60Hz XW Inverter/Charger to a three-phase source by using a transformer to convert the AC source to split-phase 240/120V. INTRODUCTION: Split-phase
ORDINANCE NUMBER 12-047. An ordinance to establish electric utility rates in the City of Beatrice, Nebraska, in
ORDINANCE NUMBER 12-047 An ordinance to establish electric utility rates in the City of Beatrice, Nebraska, in accordance with Section 26-41 of the Beatrice City Code; to repeal Ordinance Number 11-031
BASIC NEC CODE RULES AND DESIGN PRACTICE
BASIC NEC CODE RULES AND DESIGN PRACTICE Wire Ampacity and Size Circuit Breaker Size 1. Maximum loading for any branch circuit is 80% of rating of circuit for ampacity of wire for any load. NEC 220-2,
BGE Service Application Guidelines Residential Modification/Relocation Projects
BGE Service Application Guidelines Residential Modification/Relocation Projects To the Customer Following is important information to assist you in applying for BGE gas and/or electric modification or
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT. The Impact of Heat Pump Water Heaters on Whole-House Energy Consumption
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT December 2014 Technical Series 14-104 The Impact of Heat Pump Water Heaters on Whole-House Energy Consumption INTRODUCTION Heat pump water heaters are one of the most energyefficient
Internet Application for New Multi-Family Electric Service Builders/Developers Fax to: (800) 351-3853 or call (800) 454-3853 Date Faxed: 1
Internet Application for New Multi-Family Electric Service Builders/Developers Fax to: (800) 351-3853 or call (800) 454-3853 Date Faxed: 1 2 Service address City 3 (Inside city: Yes No) State 4 Complex
At Load Power Factor Correction Phase 2: Refrigerated Vending Machines
At Load Power Factor Correction Phase 2: Refrigerated Vending Machines A Pilot Project to determine the feasibility and economics of small scale At Load Power Factor Correction Richard Ellenbogen, MEE
BUILDING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION PERMIT FEES
www.polk-county.net BUILDING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION PERMIT FEES Growth Management Department Building Division 330 W. Church St. Bartow, Florida 33881-9005 863-534-6080 Fax 863-534-6016 All Construction
Section 3: Load Planning Bill Brown, P.E., Square D Engineering Services
Section 3: Load Planning Bill Brown, P.E., Square D Engineering Services Basic Principles The most vital, but often the last to be acquired, pieces of information for power system design are the load details.
Winter heating This winter heating guide includes ways to reduce heating costs and provides advice on choosing the right heater to suit your needs.
Winter heating This winter heating guide includes ways to reduce heating costs and provides advice on choosing the right heater to suit your needs. Fuel for thought Choosing the right heating system for
CHAPTER 9: WATER HEATING
Chapter 9: Water Heating 145 CHAPTER 9: WATER HEATING Energy costs for water heating can be as great as the costs for heating, for an energy efficient house, in a mild climate. Estimating hot water usage
Direct Energy Home Energy Audit Audit Report
Direct Energy Home Energy Audit Audit Report Joe Smith 123 Anywere St Houston Tx. 77046 1 Audit Introduction The Direct Energy Home Energy Audit Team used the Home Energy Rating System (HERS ) to evaluate
Up to $100 customer cash back
I m helping my customers save and growing my business. Up to $100 customer cash back Everyone wins with a change to Tariff 31 or 33 Next time you re on a job, you can do both yourself and your customer
CHAPTER 10: APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING
Chapter 10: Appliances and Lighting 151 CHAPTER 10: APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, appliances and home electronics account for 20% of energy bills in the
The Basics of Natural Gas
264 Natural Gas: What You Should Know Don MacBride Click to insert presenters Thursday, March 29, 1:15 to 2:15 p.m. Click to insert session day, date and time The Basics of Natural Gas Presented by: Don
SAVE ENERGY AT HOME INSULATE AND AIR SEAL
SAVE ENERGY AT HOME INSULATE AND AIR SEAL Check the roof insulation level and add insulation to maintain minimum R-38 (6 of blown cellulose or equal). Use R-19 between frame or R-10 rigid insulation for
Residential HVAC Load Sizing Training October 14, 2015. David Kaiser Green Code Plan Reviewer
Residential HVAC Load Sizing Training October 14, 2015 David Kaiser Green Code Plan Reviewer DCRA - Green Building Division Regulations of green codes including: Green Building Act Green Construction Code
Solar Decathlon Load Profiling. Project Report
Solar Decathlon Load Profiling Project Report Prepared by Alexander Kon Alexander Hobby Janice Pang Mahan Soltanzadeh Prepared for TTP 289: A Path to Zero Net Energy 6/10/14 Executive Summary The U.S.
Date 1/2/2014. Prepared for. Virginia Land Investments 10001 Patterson Ave., Suite 200 Richmond, VA 23238. Cleveland, Ohio. Richmond, Virginia
Date 1/2/2014 The Economic and Fiscal Impact of Carmel Church Station on Virginia The completed Carmel Church Station development is expected to support 20,670 jobs and $3.3 billion in annual economic
Home Energy Evaluation Report
Home Energy Evaluation Report Nate Begeman, 1550 Saint Francis Dr San Jose, CA 95125 Air Infiltration Current Air Leakage 2,852 Current Air Changes Per Hour 0.91 Recommended Air Changes Per Hour 0.35 Percent
Air Conditioning. The opportunity for energy efficiency. Low cost actions to reduce energy usage now
Fact Sheet #6 Air Conditioning In this fact sheet you will discover: The opportunity for energy efficiency How air conditioning works Low cost actions to reduce energy usage now Investments to reduce costs
Discovering the Value of a Home Service Contract
Discovering the Value of a Home Service Contract A National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) and 2-10 Home Buyers Warranty (2-10 HBW) Co-Sponsored Survey 2-10 Home Buyers Warranty (2-10 HBW) and the
Overview. PG&E and Energy Efficiency. CA Energy Efficiency Regulatory & Policy Roadmap. Financing Options for Efficiency & Demand Response
Overcoming Financial Barriers to Energy Efficiency April 6, 2010 Overview PG&E and Energy Efficiency CA Energy Efficiency Regulatory & Policy Roadmap Financing Options for Efficiency & Demand Response
C10: CT SBEA Data Mining Report. Final
C10: CT Data Mining Report Final December 15, 2014 Table of Contents Table of Contents Executive Summary... i I. Introduction...1 II. Methodology...2 A. Research Objectives...2 B. Program Data...2 C. Customer
Electrical Efficiency Modeling for Data Centers
Electrical Efficiency Modeling for Data Centers By Neil Rasmussen White Paper #113 Revision 1 Executive Summary Conventional models for estimating electrical efficiency of data centers are grossly inaccurate
Economic Evaluation of Residential Air Conditioner Designs for Hot and Dry Climates
Economic Evaluation of Residential Air Conditioner Designs for Hot and Dry Climates Arthur Rosenfeld, California Energy Commission Gregory Rosenquist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory C. Keith Rice,
Electrical Drawings - Table of Contents
Electrical Drawings - Table of Contents E1.0 Lighting Plan E1.1 Power Plan E2.0 Electrical Specifications E2.1 Electrical Specifications E3.0 Panel Schedule E3.1 Load Summary 1 2 1 Panel Schedule LP1
Appendix E: San Diego Gas & Electric Company. Table - Savings Values Adjustment Factors
Appendix E: San Diego Gas & Electric Company Table - Savings Values Adjustment s Appendix E: Table, Savings Values Adjustment s DOCUMENTATION OF ENERGY SAVINGS ADJUSTMENTS USED IN SDG&E S PY2015 PROGRAM
Power System Harmonics
Pacific Gas and Electric Company Power System Harmonics What are power system harmonics? Ideally, voltage and current waveforms are perfect sinusoids. However, because of the increased popularity of electronic
CUTES SOLAR POWERED AIR-CONDITIONER
SOLAR AIR CONDITIONER A Solar Air Conditioner is an incredibly practical appliance. The use of an air conditioner is most often desired when the sun is bright, shiny, and beating down on people and their
GUIDELINES FOR WIRING SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING UNITS
GUIDELINES FOR WIRING SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING UNITS This guideline has been prepared to assist the owner/occupant of a single family dwelling with compliance to the requirements of the National Electrical
ATTACHMENT A Town of Lakeside Fee Schedule. ANIMALS Annual pet registration fee per animal limit 4 animals $ 8.00 each
DESCRIPTION FEE ALARM SYSTEM PERMITS Permit new alarms $ 15.00 Renew or Change Permit $ 10.00 ANIMALS Annual pet registration fee per animal limit 4 animals $ 8.00 each Fees related to impoundment and
ELECTRIC RATE SCHEDULES
LITTLETON WATER & LIGHT DEPARTMENT 65 LAFAYETTE AVENUE LITTLETON, NH 03561 ELECTRIC RATE SCHEDULES 1. Table of Contents 2. Residential Service Rate 3. Special Service Rate a. Churches b. Municipal Public
Energy Efficient Homes: Air Conditioning
Energy Efficient Homes: Air Conditioning Quick Facts The average energy bill for a typical single family home in the U.S. is $2,200. Roughly 46 percent of the bill, or $1,012, is spent on heating, ventilation,
Data Center Energy Use, Metrics and Rating Systems
Data Center Energy Use, Metrics and Rating Systems Steve Greenberg Energy Management Engineer Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory October 31, 2007 Today s s
BRANCH CIRCUIT AND FEEDER REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 36 BRANCH CIRCUIT AND FEEDER REQUIREMENTS SECTION E3601 GENERAL E3601.1 Scope. This chapter covers branch circuits and feeders and specifies the minimum required branch circuits, the allowable
Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Tankless Water Heaters
Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Tankless Water Heaters Russell Walters, Robert Ries, and Deny Dwiantoro University of Florida Gainesville, Florida In 2011, one hundred and ten public housing units in Alachua
Data Bulletin. Mounting Variable Frequency Drives in Electrical Enclosures Thermal Concerns OVERVIEW WHY VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES THERMAL MANAGEMENT?
Data Bulletin April 2001 Raleigh, NC, USA Mounting Variable Frequency Drives in Electrical Enclosures Thermal Concerns OVERVIEW Variable frequency drives are available from manufacturers as enclosed engineered
Optimizing the Efficiency of the NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center Facility. Ademola Olarinde Mentor: Aaron Andersen
Optimizing the Efficiency of the NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center Facility Ademola Olarinde Mentor: Aaron Andersen August 2, 2013 1 Education: Mechanical Engineering Grad Student Texas A&M University
THE COMED RESIDENTIAL REAL-TIME PRICING PROGRAM GUIDE TO REAL-TIME PRICING
THE COMED RESIDENTIAL REAL-TIME PRICING PROGRAM GUIDE TO REAL-TIME PRICING 2014-2015 COMED RESIDENTIAL REAL-TIME PRICING PROGRAM GUIDE TO REAL-TIME PRICING CONTENTS ComEd Residential Real-Time Pricing
Tools To Help Your Customers and CSR s
NASHVILLE ELECTRIC SERVICE Tools To Help Your Customers and CSR s with Energy Efficiency Presented by: y Marietta Rooks Customer Relations Manager Residential Energy Savings Introductions: Nashville Electric
Sample Customer 123 Conservation Way TAMPA FL 33626 Tracking Number: 000675309
Thank you for completing the Online Home Energy Audit. Based on the answers that you provided in the questionnaire, the following is a complete analysis of your household's energy consumption. We have
Smart Ideas for Your Business. Energy Saving Opportunities for Hospitals
Smart Ideas for Your Business Energy Saving Opportunities for Hospitals Where Are Your Energy Dollars Going? 21% of hospitals do not measure/monitor energy performance Only 23% have a designated energy
SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING ELECTRICAL SERVICES RATED 225 TO 600 AMPS
SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING ELECTRICAL SERVICES RATED 225 TO 600 AMPS A. PURPOSE 1. The following information includes the basic permit application requirements for a 120/240 volt single phase Electrical Service
Summary of Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report on Residential Off-Grid System Economics
Summary of Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report on Residential Off-Grid System Economics September 11, 2014 0 Forward-Looking Statements Leading the Way in Electricity SM Statements contained
UNDERSTANDING YOUR ELECTRIC BILL
UNDERSTANDING YOUR ELECTRIC BILL A GUIDE FOR BUSINESSES IN North Carolina Duke Energy 550 South Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28202 www.duke-energy.com 120633 10/12 2013 Duke Energy Corporation 12-1478LU
UNIT 1 GCSE PHYSICS 2011 FXA. 1.3.1 Transferring Electrical Energy APPLIANCE USEFUL ENERGY NON-USEFUL ENERGY
UNIT 1 Examples of energy transformations that everyday electrical devices bring about. APPLIANCE USEFUL ENERGY NON-USEFUL ENERGY 40 The amount of electrical energy a device transforms depends on how long
Robert J. Hughes Manager Product Marketing Georgia Power Atlanta, GA, USA. (c) 2009 Georgia Power
Robert J. Hughes Manager Product Marketing Georgia Power Atlanta, GA, USA Georgia Power s Critical Peak Pricing pilot program PoweRewards March 22 25, 2009 Miami, FL, USA What are we trying to accomplish?
Components HVAC General Standards HVAC Guidelines HVAC System Selection Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Components HVAC General System Selection Life Cycle Cost Analysis Outdoor Air Design Values Indoor Air Design Values Outdoor Air Ventilation Welding Ventilation Temperature Control Systems Ductwork HVAC
UNDERSTANDING YOUR ELECTRIC BILL
UNDERSTANDING YOUR ELECTRIC BILL A GUIDE FOR BUSINESSES IN South Carolina Duke Energy 550 South Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28202 www.duke-energy.com 2013 Duke Energy Corporation 12-1484LU 6/13 TABLE OF
101 Low-Cost /No-Cost. Home Energy-Saving Measures
101 Low-Cost /No-Cost Home Energy-Saving Measures Your Touchstone Energy Cooperative has compiled this list of low-cost / no-cost energy-saving measures to help you better manage your home s energy costs.
Buck - Boost Transformers
Buck - Boost Transformers Contents Buck - Boost Transformers - Terms & Definitions... 48 Buck - Boost Transformers - Sizing... 50 Quick Reference Chart - 08, 0, 40 Volts Single & Three Phase... 5 Single
Current Transformers
Tyco Electronics Corporation Crompton Instruments 1610 Cobb International Parkway, Unit #4 Kennesaw, GA 30152 Tel. 770-425-8903 Fax. 770-423-7194 Current Transformers Current transformers (CT's) provide
SCHUYLER DEPARTMENT OF UTILITIES SCHUYLER, NEBRASKA ELECTRIC RATES
SCHUYLER DEPARTMENT OF UTILITIES SCHUYLER, NEBRASKA ELECTRIC RATES TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I SECTION II SECTION III SECTION IV SECTION V SECTION VI SECTION VII SECTION VIII SECTION IX SECTION X SECTION
ANALYSIS 2: Photovoltaic Glass Replacement
ANALYSIS 2: Photovoltaic Glass Replacement Problem Identification Bridgeside II is designed to accommodate 80 percent lab space and 20 percent office space. Laboratory equipment can consume a considerable
THE ELECTRIC HOOKUP. 1. Determine the wattage of various household appliances. 2. Calculate the number of kilowatt-hours used by appliances.
Objectives: The student will do the following: THE ELECTRIC HOOKUP 1. Determine the wattage of various household appliances. 2. Calculate the number of kilowatt-hours used by appliances. 3. Identify the
ATTACHMENT I SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC ENERGY MARKETPLACE PILOT
ATTACHMENT I SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC ENERGY MARKETPLACE PILOT Introduction In SDG&E s 2015 Energy Efficiency filing, SDG&E proposed an SDG&E Energy Marketplace Pilot ( Marketplace ) to help customers
Large Power -Secondary 46,50,51 Monthly Charge $ 120.00 All kwh 0.0275 All kw 18.50
ELECTRIC SERVICE RATES The following electric service rates are effective December 1, 2014. The energy rates, before other adjustments, will be decreased or increased for the changes in the cost of electric
Codes and High Performance Hot Water Systems. Gary Klein Affiliated International Management, LLC 916 549 7080 gary@aim4sustainability.
Codes and High Performance Hot Water Systems Gary Klein Affiliated International Management, LLC 916 549 7080 gary@aim4sustainability.com Annual Energy Use for Heating Water Natural Gas Gallons Per Day
Simplified M&V Guidelines for Lighting Efficiency Measures
1 Simplified M&V Guidelines for Lighting Efficiency Measures Overview This measurement and verification (M&V) procedure is appropriate for projects that involve the replacement of existing fixtures, lamps,
Urban Habitat Chicago Institute. presents. Homemade Solar. No Panels Required!
Urban Habitat Chicago Institute presents Homemade Solar No Panels Required! What Is Solar Energy? Passive Solar: has few moving parts, and requires minimal maintenance and require no mechanical systems.
Monitoring your Energy Bills in Your Business
Fact Sheet #2 Monitoring your Energy Bills in Your Business In this fact sheet you will discover: What to look for on your energy bills to indentify problems and reduce costs. How to monitor and track
Japan s Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy Updates. Naoko Doi Institute of Energy Economics, Japan
Japan s Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy Updates Naoko Doi Institute of Energy Economics, Japan Final Energy Consumption 400 Mtoe Industry Transport Residential/Commercial Non-energy 350 Non-energy
Motor Protection Voltage Unbalance and Single-Phasing
Motor Protection Voltage Unbalance and Single-Phasing Cooper Bussmann contributes the following information, which is an excerpt from their 190-page handbook SPD Selecting Protective Devices Based on the
Economics of Passive Solar and Zero Energy Homes
Economics of Passive Solar and Zero Energy Homes Jeff Tiller, PE ASU Energy Center / Department of Technology Southface North Carolina tillerjs@appstate.edu 828-262-6355 Projected Residential Energy Use
Solar Energy Basics. for Homes and Businesses
Solar Energy Basics for Homes and Businesses Call Your Electric Cooperative First! For safety and required standards, call your electric power association before investing in solar electric generation.
Tariff Development II: REVIEW of Basic Allocation and Rate Design Principles
Tariff Development II: REVIEW of Basic Allocation and Rate Design Principles Robert Manning Public Utility Commission of Texas Briefing for the NARUC/INE Partnership 1 Overview Steps in Setting Rates Establish