Water Quality Management in Bulgaria, the regional and country context

Transcription

1 Water Quality Management in Bulgaria, the regional and country context 1) Bulgarian legislation according coastal protection and waste management The Law on Environmental Protection regulates the general requirements for protection of all environmental components (air, water, soil, land, subsoil, biodiversity) and management factors that are harmful impact on it (waste, noise, chemicals, human activity). Several text of the Law on Spatial Planning (LSP) are related to waste management. These are texts which regulate determination of sites for waste treatment and procedures for changeuse of land. All requirements of the LSP about investment research and design, construction and operation of investment projects should be followed for installations and facilities waste treatment. Mechanism to finance the obligations of municipalities for waste management under the Law on waste management is regulated by the Law on local taxes. There is a special fee, called "fee for domestic waste", which pays for the services of collection, transportation and disposal in landfills or other facilities of household waste, and for maintaining the cleanliness of areas for public use in settlements. One of the main objectives of the Law on protection of agricultural lands is the protection from damage, restoration and improvement of the fertility of farmland. The Act contains provisions for conservation of agricultural lands to be taken in the use of waste. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry provides owners and users of agricultural lands official information on pesticides, fertilizers, industrial or municipal waste, and other biologically active substances, which are registered and approved for use and sanitary norms for their use and also for substances prohibited for application.

2 The Law on waste management contains provisions for management of all types of waste. It defines the scope of legislation on waste management, ie the waste types under the Law and other regulations and waste that are subject to other legislation, such as wastewater (excluding wastein liquid form), waste from mining and dressing, carcasses animals and others. The waste are divided into four main types: urban, construction, industrial and hazardous waste. The hierarchy of waste management is established with the first priority to the prevention of waste, followed by recovery and the least friendly provisions. The main duties and prohibitions to holders of waste are regulated in the Law on waste management. 2) Responsible national/local authorities on water and waste management In Bulgaria, coastal protection as well as financing is mainly a national matter. The main institutions involved are the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works and its executive agency, Geozashtita. Whereas the Ministry of Regional development and Public Works is responsible for regulation, spatial planning and land use in Bulgaria, Geozashtita mainly deals with the implementation as well as the maintenance of coastal protection activities. In addition, the Ministry of Environment and Water is responsible for water, biodiversity protection and climate change. The Ministry has a leading role in the collection, publication and dissemination of information about the environment and in particular information related to waste management. Department performs these functions by the Executive Environment Agency (EEA) and in collaboration with the Regional Inspectorates of Environment and Water (RIEW), according to the Law on Waste Management. The following regional inspections have functions on the territory of the Bulgarian Black Sea municipalities: RIEW of Varna and RIEW of Burgas, which have regulating, control and information functions. In the framework of the EU Water Directive, the Basin Directorate for Water Management in the Black Sea Region (BSBD) has been appointed as the responsible body for water management in Bulgaria. The main functions of exclusively basin Directorate are: the planning, controlling, informing and managing of state water sources, as well as preparation of Black sea river basin management plan and programmes of measures for implementation of it.

3 The research activities of the Institute of Oceanology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences focus on geology, biology and ecology as well as coastal dynamics and ocean technologies. Furthermore the institution monitors the Bulgarian part of the Black Sea with regard to wind, storms and coastal erosion and since recently also SLR. 3) Programs that manage the waste on national and local level The Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works develops the National program for management of the waste activities. The program aims to contribute to sustainable development of Bulgaria by an integrated waste management. Programs for waste management are developed and implemented by persons dealing with waste or whose activities produce waste be approved by the Regional Inspectorate. Mayors of municipalities are responsible for developing and implementing programs management of waste activities on the territory of the municipality. The programs are an integral part of the municipal environmental programs and developed, adopted and reported in accordance with Chapter V of the Law on Environmental environment. Municipalities annual activity report on waste management and implementation of programs in the first quarter of next year, copy of the report is sent to the relevant Regional Environmental Inspectorate. 4) Measures for waste management in the Bulgarian Black sea region Measures for monitoring and control for waste management are indicated in the National Programme for control of activities for waste ( ) Compulsory administrative measures: to prevent and stop administrative violations under, and to prevent and eliminate harmful consequences, the competent authority or a person authorized apply administrative measures. The Minister of Environment and Water stops: 1. concerning collection, storage, transport, recovery or waste disposal; 2. operation of facilities for disposal or recovery of hazardous waste. The Director of the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water: 1. issue prescriptions for waste disposal at the expense of the offender and remediation of the environment;

4 2. stop treatment activities and transportation of waste; 3. suspend the operation of facilities for waste treatment. The situation in the Black Sea region to date: 53 sources of pollution by sewage from settlements 47 covered in the reports of committees Black Sea - 12 in Bulgaria - 4 in Georgia - 4 in Romania - 11 in Russia - 7 in Turkey - 9 in Ukraine Problems with Wastewater Treatment Plant within the Bulgarian Black Sea Region: According the national policy on construction of urban Wastewater Treatment Plant for waste water and under the Treaty of Accession of Bulgaria to the EU, Bulgaria is obliged to build sewage treatment plants and urban waste water for agglomerations: - Over residents number of 121 Wastewater Treatment Plants has to be build to 31 December From to residents number of 309 Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) has to be build to 31 December 2014 Current situation in the Bulgarian Black Sea region: 23 urban Wastewater Treatment Plants 11 in normal operation 8 in the process of repair and restoration activities 4 not constructed treatment plants for wastewater Problems with the wastewater treatment plants on the Black Sea region: 1. Construction of large hotel complexes without provided wastewater treatment or existing treatment plants for waste water does not have enough capacity to purify

5 2. The majority of existing treatment plants for wastewater have been constructed and put into operation years ago and urgently need of reconstruction and modernization 3. Direct discharge of sewage from settlements without treatment provided Diffuse pollution sources landfills, not in compliance with the requirements 2009 Ref. Black Sea Basin Management Plan 2009 Black Sea River Basin Status of Regional Landfills, planned for construction Ref. National Programme for Wastes Management Black Sea River Basin

6 1) Solid Waste Regional Landfills and Methods for Pollution Control Current situation Varna - invited for the current application period since BG161PO005/10/2.10/07/22 Construction of Regional Systems for Solid Wastes Management Balchik, Burgas, Sozopol Regional Systems, constructed using ISPA funds and currently in use Regional Systems Burgas- collects the urban solid wastes from 9 municipalities To solve problems Site locality, in complience with the legislative requirements and public discussions Thorough studies of solid wastes quantity and composision from the urban area; Financing and good capacity to respond to the application requirements a. Industrial pollution and methods for pollution control

7 EIA Directive Public Participation Directive IPPC Directive Dangerous Substances Directive Environment Impact Assessment Public discussions IPPC Permits Wastewater discharge Permits Pressures from industrial point sources of waste water are taken into account in assessment of water body status b. Agricultural pollution and methods for pollution control Legal framework: Nitrate Directive, Groundwater Directive, Vulnerable areas Best Agricultural Practices: Bioagriculture and biofarming more investments, revenue. The number of registered organic producers at the end of 2010 reached 820, an increase of 75% compared to That said Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Food Svetlana Boyanova. In metropolitan park "Zaimov" she opened in October 2011 the feast of organic producers, which is part of the "biomania According to her words, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food will continue implementation of best European practices in state support in the sector of organic production.the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union for , provides 25% of the budget to be allocated to agri-environment, The Deputy Minister invited farmers to turn to organic farming. In 2010 under measure 214 "Agri-environment payments" program of rural development projects have been paid a total amount of 2.4 million. Organic farmers have the opportunity to be financially supported and measure 121 "Modernisation of agricultural holdings" measure 142 "Setting up producers' and measure 111" training, information and dissemination of scientific knowledge "of the RDP. According to MAF in Bulgaria mainly develop organic production of cereals, fruit trees - plums, cherries, peaches, cherries, walnuts and other nuts, medicinal and aromatic plants - different types of herbs, lavender oil and rose vines. Grow and berries - raspberries and strawberries. There are areas with rape.

8 Bulgaria is a traditional producer of organic honey with excellent quality indicators. The share of certified animal farms is still small and this creates an imbalance in production. So far, the U.S., Canada, Switzerland and Germany are the main markets for manufactured organic food at home. c. Main pollution problems in surface waters (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, sea) and method to solve these problems