Monuments of Rome In English Culture A 2015 NEH Institute for Teachers

Transcription

1 Monuments of Rome In English Culture A 2015 NEH Institute for Teachers Directors: Dr. Ronald J. Weber Dr. Jessica Sheetz-Nguyen Support Scholars: Dr. Nicholas Temple Dr. Marilyn Button Introduction: This Institute takes place in Rome. The purpose of the Institute will be to understand how in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the years following the break between England and the papacy Rome served as a world intellectual center that contributed to the emerging national and global identity of the English people. To do this Institute participants will concentrate upon the intersection between the rhetoric of the Roman orator, Marcus Tullius Cicero and the rhetorical display, ceremony and instruction constructed by emperors and popes in the form of processional routes and ceremonial centers in the Roman Forum and the Campus Martius. The writings of Marcus Tullius Cicero drew prominent English intellectuals and writers to Rome, where Roman monuments and their papal overlay challenged, informed and inspired their quest for the consistency, rational social structure, and culture that would insure success for their nascent empire. Roman civilization provided a paradigm for English theories of law, government, civic behavior, art and literature. Institute participants will read Cicero in translation among the monuments following the advice of Thomas Hobbes in a Discourse of Rome that one who has seen a place understands it better than the person who knows it only by description. For Hobbes there was no better place in the world to see than Rome. Group Meetings: Instructors and Scholar/Teachers will meet in the classroom at John Cabot University on Mondays and Thursdays each week. Tuesdays and Fridays are set aside for excursions into the city to experience how the experience of place enhances and reinforces the reality of Rome, demonstrating why Rome became the intellectual center of Western Culture. Working Procedures: The working nucleus will consist of groups of five scholar/teachers familiarizing themselves with the institute materials and, in consultation with institute instructors, identifying a core idea in the readings, which is suitable for group discussion and for investigation on how it is manifested and made remarkable within the physical space of Rome. and Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen will lead off in week one with individual groups leading the way in weeks two, three and four. Final Product: On August 3 each group will have prepared for presentation a developed lesson plan suitable for use as an instructional resource. Schedule Date Location Focus Readings Sunday Arrival Week 1 The Roman Forum and Capitoline Hill Descending from the Capitol, there be three or four Triumphant Arches dedicated To be completed prior to arrival in Rome.

2 Monday July 6 Tuesday July 7 Led by and Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen Evening Group Dinner Meet at the Roman Forum. to the honor of Emperors, as to Augustus Caesar and Constantine, where be engraven their principal Acts, and victories: but the most remarkable of these, is Vespasian s erected upon his return from Jerusalem, where you shall see the overcoming of the City, lively set forth, and the holy things which he brought away from thence in triumph. Thomas Hobbes, A Discourse of Rome, 1620 Introduction to Cicero. M. Tullius Cicero and the Conspiracy of Catiline Introduction to Thomas Hobbes, his life and times as tutor to William Cavendish, second earl of Devonshire. Vedute of Piranesi. Monuments of Roman rhetoric, administration and law. Analysis of the design, function and idealization of the Roman political process and law: the Comitium, Rostra, Regia and Precinct of the Vestals. The Coliseum M. Boatwright, D. Gargola, and R. Talbert, The Romans: From Village to Empire, Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Elizabeth Rawson, Cicero: A Portrait, Chapters 4, 5, 9, 15, 16. Cicero, 3 Orations against Catiline. Sallust, Conspiracy of Catiline Rob Hardy, A Mirror of the Times: The Catilinarian Conspiracy in Eighteenth-Century British and American Political Thought. S. Dyson, Rome: A Living Portrait of an Ancient City, Chapter 2, 5, 7, 12. Filippo Coarelli, Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide, p , Symposium videos: Piranesi, Rome, and the Arts of Design, parts 1, 2, 3. Digital images of Piranesi s Vedute di Roma

3 Wednesday July 8 Thursday July 9 Friday July 10 led by and Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen. Meet at the Roman Forum. Study Day Cicero as the savior of freedom against political excess and corruption. Discussion of Hobbes perceptions of Rome. Administrative landscapes. Basilica Julia, Basilica Aemilia, and Tabularium Ceremonial centers in the Roman Forum: Arches of Septimius Severus and Titus, the Via Sacra. Plutarch, Life of Cicero Review Cicero, 3 Orations against Catiline. T. Hobbes, A Discourse of Rome. Filippo Coarelli, Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide, p , 60-2, 71-4, 81-4, 97-9, Ronald T. Ridley, The Eagle and the Spade, Chapters 1 and 3. Palatine Hill See Tuesday s readings. Saturday Morning Study time Saturday Afternoon July 11 Sunday Week 2 Visit Ostia Antica. Optional Day Off Working class households and spaces in Ancient Rome. But I will now take a view of the ancient Antiquities, and first, of the famous Capitol upon one of the seven Hills, called Mons Capitolinus, whereof almost nothing remains but the memory. The place where the Senate sat, is now plain, and covered with earth, only some steps you Review materials on Piranesi. S. Gallico, Ostia Antica, p S. Dyson, Rome: Ancient Society and History, Chapter 9.

4 may see where they went down, and it is said to have been framed in the form of a Cockpit. Thomas Hobbes Cicero and concordia ordinum. Political consensus and the Pax Romana Monday July 13 Tuesday July 14 led by. Meet at Capitoline Museum for guided exercise led by Dr. Weber and Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen. Impact upon Thomas Hobbes. Concordia ordinum and civilized government. What the British saw and imagined from the Capitoline Hill. Cicero, Pro Sestio, Augustus, Res gestae divi Augusti Masterpieces of the Capitoline Museum. Baedeker, Handbook for [English] Travellers, Second Part: Central Italy and Rome, The Capitoline, Krautheimer, Profile of a City, Chapters 1, 2, 9, 10. Filippo Coarelli, Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide, p Wednesday July 15 See Week One. Study Day Thursday July 16 led by Dr. Sheetz- Nguyen. Hobbes on good government, law and Cicero. Selections from Thomas Hobbes, The Leviathan.

5 Introduction 1, 2, Chapters 17-19, 21 & 46. Thomas Hobbes, A Discourse of Laws. Librivox: Books on Tape reading of Leviathan Friday July 17 Meet at the Largo Argentina for guided walking tour and analysis of the Jesuit churches of Il Gesu, San Ignazio, Saint Ivo della Sapienza, Led by and Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen. From Hobbes in the seventeenth to Martyn in the eighteenth century -what the British saw and thought about when they visited the other churches not including Saint Peter s Basilica. What the Jesuits built and the English saw. Thomas Hobbes: BBC Podcast Melanie Ord, Travels and Translations in the Sixteenth Century, Chapter 4 Thomas Martyn, A Tour through Italy, Rome Other Churches, Saturday July 18 Full Day Visit to Hadrian s Villa at Tivoli The Jesuits and how the English reacted. Rome the construction of space and meaning. MacDonald, Hadrian s Villa, Chapters, I & IX. Digital Images: Vedute di Villa Hadriana Sunday Week 3 Day Off It was among the ruins of the Capitol that I first conceived the idea of a work which has amused and exercised near twenty years of my life, and which, however inadequate to my own wishes, I finally deliver to the curiosity and candour of the public. Edward Gibbon Review Piranesi from Week One. William MacDonald, The Pantheon: Design, Meaning and Progeny and The Architecture of the Roman Empire. Digital images of Piranesi s Vedute di Roma. See Week One.

6 Week three will focus on the ceremonial routes and monumental architecture of the Campus Martius. The surviving monuments and reworked layout of this area of the city left a physical mark on Britain. Importance of the idea of republican government. Monday July 20 led by and Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen. Rome as an international center for the production of knowledge, art, and culture, the English reaction. Republican Government and England. Discussion focusing on the competing political values and theological principles relating to Protestant England and Catholic Rome. Cicero, De Legibus, Books I & II Cicero, De Officiis, Book III Polybius, History, Bk. VI.1-18 Anthony Everitt, Cicero, Chapter 8 John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, selections. Letters on the Study and Use of History of Sir Henry St. John, First Viscount Bolingbroke Freyja Cox Jensen, Part One: Reading the Roman Republic, and List of Tables in Reading the Roman Republic in Early Modern England, 25-

7 Tuesday July 21 Meet at the Largo Argentina for guided walking analysis of the plan of Rome; led by and Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen. Monuments of Imperial Ideology on the Campus Martius: Pantheon, Ara Pacis, and Mausoleum of Augustus Vitruvius, De Architectura, Bks. 1 & 5, The Forum and Basilica. Robert Hughes, Rome: A Cultural Visual, and Personal History, Chapters 9 & 10. Wednesday July 22 Filippo Coarelli, Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide, p Study Day Thursday July 23 led by Nicholas Temple Rome s place in British education and the cultivation of the English gentleman: Cicero and the Grand Tour dissected. Nicholas Temple, Renovatio Urbis, chapters 4, 5, and 6. Giorgio Vasari, Lives of the Most Excellent Italian Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, Bramante Najbjerg, The Severan Marble Plan of Rome (Forma Urbis Romae) Nolli Map: Ceen and Tice, Rioni: The Districts of Rome. Compare Temple with the nineteenth century Baedeker s Handbook for [English] Travellers, Second Part: Central Italy and Rome,

8 Friday July 24 Friday July 24 - Evening Guided walking analysis of the plan of Rome; led by Nicholas Temple Vatican Museums Meet at the Castel San Angelo Bridge at 9:00 a.m. to proceed to the Campus Martius. We will break for the afternoon and reconvene at the entrance to the Vatican Museums. Meet at the entrance to the Vatican Museums at 6:45 p.m. We must enter as a group. Antiquarianism, collecting and the appropriation of global knowledge. See Thursday s Readings G.J. Hamilton and A.H. Smith, Gavin Hamilton s Letters to Charles Townley, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 21 (1901): Review Baedeker s Handbook for [English] Travellers, Saturday July 25 Morning Optional Sunday Week 4 Monday July 27 Day Off led by Dr. Marilyn Button For those going to the Vatican Gardens with Professor Temple, RJW, JSN, MDB and JdeF, please meet at the entrance to the Vatican Museums at 10:30 a.m. The tour will last two hours. The restoration of Rome s physical appearance, the collection and export of its artifacts, and the use of Rome as a model for the reimagining of America as the place to fulfill unattained Roman ideals. The British incorporation and reimagining of Rome through literature and the arts. Seymour Howard, An Antiquarian Hand List and the Beginnings of the Pio-Clementino, Eighteenth Century Studies, Readings on the Vatican Gardens can be found in the early twentieth century text, The Vatican, Selected readings and poems from British writers. Please see BlackBoard for full

9 list. Tuesday July 28 Wednesday July 29 Meet at Keats/Shelley House Visit Keats/Shelley House, Protestant Cemetery, and Saint Paul s inside the Walls. Pite, Ralph, Shelley in Italy, The Yearbook of English Studies, 34 (2004): Study Day Thursday July 30 led by and Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen British writers, collectors and painters. Cicero, Selections from his letters written from 62 to 43 BCE. Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Preface, Chapters: 1-3, 9, & 14-18; and selections of Edward Gibbon memoirs. Friday July 31 Overnight Trip to Pompeii. Visit to National Museum of Archaeology in Naples Sir William Hamilton, grandson of the third Duke of Hamilton, was born in 1730 He was British ambassador at the court of Naples from 1764 till 1800, and in 1772 was made a knight of the Bath. During his residence in Italy he took an active part in the excavation of Herculaneum and Pompeii, and formed a rare collection of antiquities, which was afterwards purchased for the British Museum. Chamber s Electronic gallery of Pompeo Batoni. Pliny the Younger, General Letters xxiii, xxvii, xxxvi, xliii, lii, lxv, lxvi, cviii; Letters to Trajan ii, xcvii2, xcviii Ramage, Nancy H. Sir William Hamilton as Collector, Explorer, and Dealer: The Acquisition and Dispersal of His Collections, American Journal of Archaeology 94

10 Encyclopedia, (1990): Saturday August 1 Sunday Monday August 3 Tuesday August 4 Guided visit to Pompeii Long stop on the Grand Tour Selections from Guide to Pompeii Return to Rome Day Off Wrap Up Group Reports Presentations Institute Complete Prepare to Depart For future reading on the connections of England and America. Eran Shalev, Rome Reborn on Western Shores: Historical Imagination and the Creation of the American Republic Caroline Winterer, The Culture of Classicism.