DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS DIVISION 2 FACILITIES MANAGEMENT SERVICES DIVISION 2 SITEWORK

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1 DIVISION 2 Division 2 of the Carnegie Mellon University Design and Construction Standards Manual addresses the following sitework standards related to University projects DEMOLITION ROUGH GRADING BACKFILLING AND GRADING EXCAVATION BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PAVING PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVING WALKWAYS, STEPS, RAMPS, CURBS, AND GUTTERS UNDERGROUND SPRINKLER SYSTEM LANDSCAPING SEEDING TREES AND PLANTS SITE FURNISHINGS APPENDICES 2-1 BITUMINOUS CONCRETE ROADWAYS AND PARKING AREAS 2-2 CONCRETE WALKWAY SCORING PATTERNS 2-3 EXTERIOR CONCRETE STEPS 2-4 CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER DETAILS 2-5 TREE PLANTING DETAIL 2-6 SHRUB PLANTING DETAIL 2-7 EXTERIOR CONCRETE AND WOOD BENCH 2-8 EXTERIOR BENCH AND WASTE RECEPTACLES 2-9 ASH URN AND RECYCLING CONTAINER 2-10 BICYCLE RACK 2-11 SITE LIGHTING

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3 02050 DEMOLITION This section addresses building demolition and site clearing. All scope listed is to be performed by the Contractor, unless otherwise noted. The University will retain salvage rights to all existing items, identified prior to bid, and will remove these items before demolition commences. The Design Consultant shall establish the limits of the construction site in coordination with the University Project Manager. These limits shall be shown on the construction drawings and they must be comprehensive in that walkways, lighting, landscaping, etc. shall be fully connected and integrated with existing conditions. The location of site fences, staging, and parking, if required by the project, shall also be shown. Particular attention is called to the need to maintain foot traffic into existing facilities during renovation. Fire exits and accessibility routes for persons with disabilities must be maintained. The Contractor must prevent dust and debris from penetrating air intake vents during all phases of demolition. Building Demolition Building demolition may create hazardous conditions such as contaminated waste and/or asbestos. The University will contract independently for the removal of these conditions prior to start of demolition. For selective demolition, the Contractor shall protect all existing finishes and historical artifacts. As a precaution, the Contractor shall disconnect existing utilities for the specific demolition project without the interruption or damage to existing utility systems required to maintain adjacent structures. Special requirements for utility disconnection are discussed in divisions 15 and 16. The Contractor shall contact the PA One Call System, Inc. hotline ( ) for specific public utility locations. The University Project Manager shall also notify electrical and plumbing foremen as well as data communications. The Contractor shall remove promptly all demolition material and dispose of the material at an approved dumpsite. Site Clearing Prior to commencement of the work, the Contractor shall remove all plantings to be reused by the University. The Contractor shall protect existing trees and other vegetation that are indicated to remain in place so as not to cut, bruise, or smother them. The Contractor shall provide protection necessary to prevent damage to existing improvements that are indicated to remain in place. Rev 2003-A December 2003 P. 2-3

4 DIVISION 2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS During the grubbing operation, the Contractor shall remove and dispose of all shrubs, stumps, and roots larger than 1.5 in. in diameter to a depth of 20 in. The Contractor shall strip topsoil to whatever depths encountered in a manner to prevent intermingling with underlying subsoil or other objectionable material. Stockpile topsoil in storage piles as directed by the University Project Manager ROUGH GRADING This section describes the general requirements for rough grading. Rough grading shall be conducted in accordance with an approved Soil and Erosion Sedimentation Control Plan by Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. All existing University and municipal water and sewer lines shall be kept free of mud and debris. Catch basins shall be cleaned out and maintained on a regular basis, to keep all lines operational through the construction period. Where there is the potential for airborne dust, the Contractor is responsible for controlling the dust by watering during grading operations. Where there is the potential for mud on neighboring streets, the Contractor shall provide wheel washout stations for vehicles and equipment BACKFILLING AND GRADING The University will furnish the services of geotechnical engineers, as described in the Owner/Architect Agreement, when the Design Consultant requests such services. The Design Consultant shall describe the required services in writing to the University Project Manager. Appropriate items for unit prices, such as removal of unsuitable soil, foundation depth, and the like, shall be listed in the Contract documents. On projects where the University has retained the services of a geotechnical engineer, that consultant shall approve all backfill materials. Debris is not permitted to be used for backfill. No blast furnace slag or electrical furnace slag is permitted for any backfill application including but not limited to landscape fills. Unsuitable fill material must be removed from the site EXCAVATION For new work, sufficient geotechnical data should be obtained to determine subsurface conditions adequately before Contract documents are issued for bid. The Design Consultant or the Contractor shall notify the University Project Manager if professional geotechnical services are required. P. 2-4 Rev 2003-A December 2003

5 Extras, related to removal of unsuitable soil, foundation depth, etc., will not be approved, unless unit prices for these items have been established in the Contract documents. Blasting is strictly prohibited on all University projects. The Contractor shall prevent surface water and subsurface, or groundwater, from entering excavations, ponding on prepared subgrades, or flooding the project site and surrounding areas. The Contractor shall notify the Design Consultant and the University Project Manager when excavations reach required subgrade for inspection BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PAVING Bituminous concrete paving shall comply with the following specifications and standards: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) Specification Form 408 (latest edition). American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Subgrade Surface The Contractor shall proof-roll the prepared subgrade surface to check for unsuitable areas and areas that require additional compacting. The Contractor shall provide for all corrections to the subgrade before proceeding in strict accordance with PennDOT Specification Form 408, Section 210. Paving Composition The subbase course shall be a minimum of 6 in. of crushed aggregate for roadways and a 4-in. course for parking lots and shall comply with PennDOT Specifications Form 408, Section 350. The base course shall be a minimum of 4-in. mixed bituminous concrete and shall comply with PennDOT Specification Form 408, Section 305. The wearing course shall be a minimum of 1.5 in. of either ID-2 or FS-1 in accordance with PennDOT Specification Form 408, sections 420 and 422, respectively. (See Appendix 2-1.) Curbs shall be constructed over compacted pavement surfaces. A light tack coat shall be applied to the road surface before installing curbs or wheel stops PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVING This section applies to concrete roadways and service ramps. Portland Cement Concrete Paving shall comply with the following specifications and standards: PennDOT Specification Form 408 (latest edition) Rev 2003-A December 2003 P. 2-5

6 DIVISION 2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS American Concrete Institute, ACI 301 American Society for Testing Materials, ASTM C 94 AASHTO WALKWAYS, STEPS, RAMPS, CURBS, AND GUTTERS This section shall comply with the same specifications and standards described in Section Portland Cement Concrete Paving. Walkways Campus walkways shall be consistent in materials and detail. Scored concrete has been established as the standard material for campus walkways and should be used for all general site work. Radii at walk intersections shall be smooth and appropriately sized for the scaling of intersecting walks. The overall intent is to create a system of walkways that visually and functionally reflects the fluid nature of circulation with limited changes in material. (See Appendix 2-2.) Walkways shall be constructed to permit vehicle movement (which requires an 8-in. thick concrete walk on a 12-in. high compacted aggregate base). Non-service walks shall be 8-ft wide (with a 4 to 6 in. thick concrete walk). Minor, local walks with low pedestrian volume (for example walks to entries of secondary buildings) shall be a minimum of 6-ft wide. Street-edge walks should be a minimum of 6-ft wide, and 8-ft wide where possible. (See Appendix 2-2.) Handicap ramps should be integral to the campus walk system and building entries. If possible, ramps should not extend out into parking or driveway areas, but should be cut into the approaching walk. All primary walks, as in all other walks where possible, should be graded at 5% (a 1- ft drop over a distance of 20 ft) or less. This will minimize the need for handrails and is intended to eliminate the distinction between general walks and handicap walks, as well as to minimize the cost and visual impact of additional furnishings, such as railings, within the campus landscape. Materials for walkways shall be constructed of Class A Portland-Type IA airentrained cement in accordance with PennDOT Specification Form 408, Section 704, Table A. Modular paving (brick, concrete or granite) is recommended as the dominant material in and around buildings, at entry landings, and on terraces and courtyards. Pavers should be selected to complement the materials of the adjacent buildings and should be light in color. P. 2-6 Rev 2003-A December 2003

7 Steps Steps shall be built into the slopes, have a foundation below the frost level, and meet the other requirements in this section. Risers shall have a backslope and treads shall have a 0.25-in. wash. The preferred rise dimensions are 5-in. minimum and 6-in. maximum. Generally, where feasible, there shall be no fewer than three steps and no more than 10 steps per run. Treads shall have a non-slip finish. Foundation walls shall be provided at the top and bottom of steps and have a projecting ledge to support the adjacent pavement. (See Appendix 2-3.) Galvanized sleeves in treads for handrails shall be provided where required. A minimum 3-in. clearance between sleeve edge and outside step edge shall be maintained. Handrail, tread, and riser design shall meet all codes and standards for handicap requirements. Ramps Runways and ramps shall be installed at all buildings where bulk supplies are handled. Ramps shall have a surface that provides traction. Curbs and Gutters Curbs and gutters shall be a monolithic pour. Curb and gutter profiles shall match where new work is an extension or revision of existing work. (See Appendix 2-4.) UNDERGROUND SPRINKLER SYSTEM The preferred in-ground irrigation system installed on University grounds shall be those manufactured by Toro Inc. All installed in-ground irrigation lines shall be below frost level and shall have selfdraining capability LANDSCAPING The planting design principles generally apply to all areas of the University campus and form the basic framework for addressing particular landscape sites. The Design Consultant shall incorporate design elements of the University Master Plan wherever applicable. The spatial organization of the campus landscape is primarily determined by three major components: buildings, topographic form, and woody plants consisting of trees and shrubs. Rev 2003-A December 2003 P. 2-7

8 DIVISION 2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS Trees and shrubs should be understood as not merely superficial decorative objects to be arbitrarily placed on the campus grounds, but rather as elements that define the basic spatial order of the campus. Trees and shrubs shall be used purposefully to achieve desired functions and spatial effects such as limiting or directing views, creating microclimates, creating overhead enclosure for greater intimacy, framing spaces to create compositional closure, or defining and reinforcing major spaces and pathways of the campus. The University encourages a less formal landscape character for the campus than was originally envisioned. To achieve this end, modified pruning practices will be needed in some campus areas to allow the plantings to evolve from a formal to a more natural shape. Groups of plantings should read as a compositional whole rather than as individual elements, and their growing natural forms should work together over time SEEDING Seeding shall not be performed until all underground water and electrical lines, sanitary and storm sewers, drains, paving, walks, curbs, steps, drainage structures, catch basins, and similar items of new work in or adjacent to areas needed to be seeded have been installed, tested, inspected, and accepted by the Design Consultant and the University. Seed shall be Pennsylvania certified or blue tagged. Mixtures shall not contain more than 0.05% weed or other crop seed, nor more than 3% inert matter TREES AND PLANTS The size of trees, shrubs, and plant beds should be considered with respect to their relationship to campus buildings, roads, and spaces. In general, plantings should be simple, rather than overly intricate, and should be presented in broad strokes that are appropriately scaled to the campus. Trees The pattern of trees on campus is a combination of formal and informal. An informal planting pattern has the advantage of being able to accept losses and additions while maintaining compositional wholeness. Design approaches based on formal patterns shall be used to reinforce the form of the civic spaces as proposed in the North Cut and the Mall, and the line of walks and street corridors. Opportunities to use geometrically arranged plants exist along streets, major axial walkways, and in courtyards and plaza spaces defined by the architecture. P. 2-8 Rev 2003-A December 2003

9 Planting areas in and around the edges of parking lots shall be large enough to accommodate the healthy growth of shade trees or grouping of ornamental trees. Within parking lots, small islands and fragmented strips planted with individual trees or smaller plants are discouraged, as they may actually impede the smooth circulation of traffic. To the extent possible and where appropriate, a variety of native woodland tree species shall be replanted to form natural settings. At installation, trees should be faced to the best advantage as they are placed in the planting hole. An adequately sized planting hole should be prepared and properly backfilled around the root ball. Once the planting has been completed, trees should be properly staked and guyed. (See Appendix 2-5.) Plants To the extent possible, shrub plantings should consist of species that are native to the Western Pennsylvania region. This will in most cases enhance the possibility for long-term adaptation of the plants to the campus environment and create a visual setting that harmonizes with the characteristic beauty of Western Pennsylvania. The fundamental planting strategy should employ long-lived native shrubs that are adapted to the local climate and soils. Campus planting should be sufficiently diverse, both in species and age of the plants, to maintain resilience in the event of unforeseen changes in the environment, such as disease or severe climatic stress that may target specific types of plants. All plant materials should be selected based on the best quality available in the nursery trade. All selected plants should conform to the American Standards for Nursery Stock and should be in a healthy condition and of a well-structured form. (See Appendix 2-6 for planting detail.) SITE FURNISHINGS This section describes the requirements for seating, waste and recycling reception, concrete ash urns, and bicycle racks. Seating A standard wood slat, backless seat with concrete supports is to be used at the edge of principal campus spaces, along campus walks, and at building entries. (See Appendix 2-7.) Metal-backed benches are to be used in secondary campus spaces, garden courtyards, and plazas. Benches should be of substantial weight, simple in detail and permanently anchored in place. The University standard is manufactured by Timber Form, Renaissance Bench Model (See Appendix 2-8.) Rev 2003-A December 2003 P. 2-9

10 DIVISION 2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS In addition to the above furnishings, options for integral seating such as seat walls and broad steps should be considered in the design of campus spaces and building entries. Waste Receptacles Bethesda series waste receptacles by Victor Stanley shall be used. These are steel strap receptacles with a removable liner for easy disposal. (See Appendix 2-8.) The Terra Form TF 1220 waste container by Wausau Tile is an acceptable alternative waste receptacle. (See Appendix 2-8.) All metal site furnishings shall be painted with Tiger Dry-Lac, Powder Coat, RAL- 6009, Black Green. Recycling Container Terra Form TF 1221 recycling container by Wausau tile shall be used. (See Appendix 2-9.) Recycling containers shall be painted with Tiger Dry-Lac, Powder Coat, RAL-6009, Black Green. Concrete Ash Urns The University standard for concrete ash urns is Terra Form TF 2000 in Weatherstone Gray. (See Appendix 2-9.) Bicycle Racks Bicycle racks shall have a minimal visual impact on the campus. They should permit both the front and rear of the bicycle to be secured. The hoop-style rack is preferred. (See Appendix 2-10.) An acceptable alternative is Cora Expo W 7510 series. Bicycle racks shall be anchored to concrete footings below grade within parking areas and placed so as not to obstruct building egress. Site Lighting The University standard for site lighting poles is manufactured by HADCO. Each light pole shall be identified by a brass tag with a unique number affixed to the pole 48 above ground level. Numbered tags for all new light poles will be issued and recorded through the FMS University Engineer s office (See Appendix 2-11.) P Rev 2003-A December 2003

11 APPENDIX 2-1: BITUMINOUS CONCRETE ROADWAYS AND PARKING AREAS December 1998 Appendix 2-1

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13 APPENDIX 2-2: CONCRETE WALKWAY SCORING PATTERNS December 1998 Appendix 2-2

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15 APPENDIX 2-3: EXTERIOR CONCRETE STEPS December 1998 Appendix 2-3

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17 APPENDIX 2-4: CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER DETAILS December 1998 Appendix 2-4

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19 APPENDIX 2-5: TREE PLANTING DETAIL December 1998 Appendix 2-5

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21 APPENDIX 2-6: SHRUB PLANTING DETAIL December 1998 Appendix 2-6

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23 APPENDIX 2-7: EXTERIOR CONCRETE AND WOOD BENCH December 1998 Appendix 2-7

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25 APPENDIX 2-8: EXTERIOR BENCH AND WASTE RECEPTACLES December 1998 Appendix 2-8

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27 APPENDIX 2-9: ASH URN AND RECYCLING CONTAINER December 1998 Appendix 2-9

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29 APPENDIX 2-10: BICYCLE RACKS December 1998 Appendix 2-10

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31 APPENDIX 2-11: SITE LIGHTING December 1998 Appendix 2-11