Justifying the adequacy of samples in qualitative interview-based studies: Differences between and within journals
|
|
- Herbert Bryant
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Justifying the adequacy of samples in qualitative interview-based studies: Differences between and within journals Prof Julie Barnett a, Konstantina Vasileiou a, Dr Susan Thorpe b, Prof Terry Young c a University of Bath, Department of Psychology b Newcastle University, School of Psychology c Brunel University London, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences Symposium: Quality in qualitative research and enduring problematics Qualitative Methodology Forum 27 January 2015 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Bath
2 Experiential triggers for this project (1) Editor First of all, most of the articles published in the journal are not qualitative in protocol. So we need to enter this manuscript gently as has been done with some others Third, I don t have a good understanding of the representativeness of the sample. Only 30% of winning organizations were represented. Of them, the key informants are not at all well-described. How do we know that these 15 people best represent their organizations? Who are they? What are their characteristics. The sampling issue (at both of two levels, organization selection and individual selection within organizations) is a critical issue I thought for a topic like this you may need to increase the number of participants to at least 25 (50%). This was not a random selection. 15 is respectable. However, can you prove they are representative of the 51 winners? Secondly what are these winners of? What are the broader implications of using such subjects? Who can they speak for?
3 Experiential triggers for this project (2) Reviewers There remains an issue of how useful this information would be. The poor response rate is certainly something that gives the reader pause, and the results of the work cannot be seen as generalizable. The generalizability of findings is what makes science different from faith-based study. If the purpose of qualitative research is not to produce findings that are capable of generalizing beyond the data gathered, then why should a reader care about the results? We only care when we think the results may generalize to our own studies, theories, situations, etc. While no decisions regarding clinical practice should ever be based on such a small sample size, in the end I believe it makes a contribution solely in the way we conceptualize evidence. Your sample size of 15 out of 51 organizations is very small.however, the issue of sampling error is just as pertinent to qualitative researchers as it is to quantitative researchers. Three statements are just not enough for me to believe that the result will generalize to the larger population. In other words, how do I know this is a real signal rather than noise? The generalizability of the results, perhaps, might be more believable if a large proportion of the interviewees concurred with the quoted statements.
4 How many qualitative interviews are enough? Purposeful sampling Informationally representative samples (vs statistically representative) Tension between achieving informational redundancy and be able to conduct in-depth, case-oriented analysis (Sandelowski, 1995) So how many interviews are enough? Experts in the field tend to concur with the answer that It depends (Baker & Edwards, 2012) Research objective(s) Epistemological and theoretical underpinnings Type of analysis Epistemic community (i.e. rules, norms of the scientific community one belongs to) Practical considerations (e.g. hard to access participants; resources; researcher s career stage; institutional constraints) The criteria of data/empirical saturation or theoretical saturation (i.e. when no new insights about the phenomenon/theoretical category are found by adding new cases) remain useful in determining qualitative sample sizes.
5 Our Research Questions To what extent are arguments to justify the sample size of qualitative interview-based research employed? What are these arguments? Do the presence and/or the nature of justifications differ across journals from different disciplines? How might the justifications relate to other characteristics such as the type of analysis? What justifications, other than sample size, are used to defend the adequacy of the sample? Do the various justifications change over time?
6 How do we do science: Scrutinising published research A few examples How is theory used in qualitative research? (Bradbury-Jones, C., Taylor, J., Oliver Herber, O. (2014). How theory is used and articulated in qualitative research: Development of a new typology. Social Science & Medicine,120, ) How are research questions constructed in social scientific work? (Alvesson, M., & Sandberg, J. (2013). Constructing research questions: doing interesting research. London: Sage) Are participant recruitment and retention in RCTs adequately reported? (Toerien et al. (2009). A review of reporting of participant recruitment and retention in RCTs in six major journals. Trials, 10, 52.)
7 Our Methods Systematic review of qualitative interview-based studies Published between Jan 2003 and Dec 2013 in high quality healthcare-related journals representing different disciplines Journals: British Medical Journal (BMJ) (Medical focus) British Journal of Health Psychology (Psychology) Sociology of Health & Illness (Sociology) Journal of Healthcare Management (Management Sciences) Social Science & Medicine (Interdisciplinary Social Sciences journal)
8 Inclusion/exclusion criteria Cross-sectional study design (i.e. longitudinal studies were excluded) Individual, qualitative interviews as method of data collection (i.e. group interviews and structured interviews were thus excluded) Data analysed qualitatively (i.e. studies that quantified their qualitative data were excluded) Mixed method studies were excluded (e.g. qualitative interviews and structured questionnaires) Papers reporting more than one qualitative methods of data collection were excluded (e.g. individual interviews and focus groups)
9 Data Extraction Form
10 Data analysis We used both qualitative and quantitative analysis of data
11 Some preliminary results: British Medical Journal (BMJ) Search keywords: interview* AND qualitative Identification 132 results were obtained from the search Screening All 132 results were screened as to whether they met the criteria Eligibility Data were extracted from the 23 articles that met the eligibility criteria Included 22 eligible articles were included in the review One paper was excluded due to longitudinal design
12 BMJ: Some basic stats Table 2 N of interviews conducted and N of participants included N of Interviews N of participants Minimum Maximum Median Mean (SD) (31) (31.05) Table 3 Study populations Table 1 Countries of data collection Countries of data collection Frequency of papers Percentage % UK Netherlands 2 9 Canada 1 4 Serbia 1 4 Australia 1 4 South Africa & 1 4 Uganda Total Study Populations N of papers involved each study population Percentage (%) of the total number (N =22) of studies* Patients Doctors 5 22 Nurses 3 14 Relatives & Significant others 3 14 Senior Healthcare Managers 1 4 Healthcare Administrative 1 4 Staff Children (but not patients) 1 4 Caregivers 1 4 Other (e.g. sex workers, exoffenders etc.) 4 18 * Some studies involved more than one study population (e.g. patients and doctors).
13 BMJ: Justification of sample size The majority of papers (N = 12; 54.5%) did not justify their sample size in any way Types of Justification Frequency Percentage % over the total number of justifications provided Data saturation 7 41 Theoretical Saturation 2 12 Previous literature 2 12 Sample pre-defined requirements 2 12 (e.g. maximum variation sampling) Pragmatic reasons 2 12 Researchers experience 1 6 Nature of qualitative data 1 6 Total For the papers that DID justify their sample size (N = 10; 45.5%) Number of different justifications provided by justifying papers (N = 10)
14 BMJ: Qualitative analysis of sample adequacy argumentation (1) Diversity/Variation Aspects of the phenomenon of interest An additional strength is its focus on reactions to intermediate results as well as positive and negative diagnostic results (BMJ07) Participant Demographic characteristics One strength of our study was the diverse range of respondents in terms of age, socioeconomic group, location, and household smoking profile.(bmj10) Study Populations We included the views not only of patients and GPs but also of practice nurses and receptionists, who have generally been excluded from previous studies (BMJ02) Participants were purposely sampled to represent a wide range in medical specialties, age, and sex to reflect the possible diversity of opinions. (BMJ19) The argument of diversity counterbalanced the lack of sample representativeness As with any qualitative study aiming for a maximum variation sample, the findings are not intended to be numerically representative the sampling method is intended to show the diversity in responses, including those that are less usual. (BMJ17) These tables were, however, derived from a purposive sample and should not be taken to represent the population; rather, we aimed to capture the range and diversity of experience, beliefs, and opinions instead of providing a quantitative summary of findings. (BMJ20)
15 BMJ: Qualitative analysis of sample adequacy argumentation (2) Sample particularity: Constructed negatively as it undermines the potential of representativeness of the sample and thus limits the generalizability of findings The generalisability of our findings is limited because the sample was drawn from a prison in southwest England that predominantly holds white British offenders with sentences of less than one year; to what extent our findings might relate to long term offenders, those from black and ethnic minorities, or women is therefore unclear. (BMJ09) One limitation of our study is that we looked only at cases in which a request for euthanasia had not been granted or granted but not performed (about two thirds of all requests), and the perspectives of patients and physicians with regard to unbearable suffering might be different in cases where euthanasia was performed for instance, showing more agreement between patients and physicians. (BMJ15) But because of the particular nature and characteristics pertinent to older people and patients with chronic pain the results presented may not be generalisable to other drugs or different age groups. (BMJ11) Finally, within the sub-saharan African population, the participants in this study are a relatively unusual group in that all were receiving palliative care. Most people dying with advanced illness in South Africa and Uganda, and indeed in the rest of sub- Saharan Africa, may have even less access to information and care than this sample. (BMJ16) "Another limitation of our study is that we focused on difficult and straightforward cases rather than on the type of cancer; our study may therefore not be representative for the whole cancer population. (BMJ19)
16 Some preliminary conclusions Just over half of the papers did not justify their sample size in any way Claim to data saturation was the most common justification for the sufficiency of sample size Stakeholder, demographic or phenomenal diversity/variation was the strongest line of defence of sample adequacy Sample particularity was viewed to be problematic as it undermined the scope of sample and thus the generalizability of results There was an absence of claims around theoretical generalisations Quasi-quantitative referential system of evaluation of sample adequacy
17 Thank you for listening! Any questions?
18 References Alvesson, M., & Sandberg, J. (2013). Constructing research questions: doing interesting research. London: Sage Baker, S.E., & Edwards, R. (2012). How many qualitative interviews is enough? Expert voices and early career reflections on sampling and cases in qualitative research. National Centre for Research Methods Review Paper. Bradbury-Jones, C., Taylor, J., Oliver Herber, O. (2014). How theory is used and articulated in qualitative research: Development of a new typology. Social Science & Medicine,120, Sandelowski, M. (1995). Sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing & Health, 18, Toerien et al. (2009). A review of reporting of participant recruitment and retention in RCTs in six major journals. Trials, 10, 52.
Developing an implementation research proposal. Session 2: Research design
Developing an implementation research proposal Session 2: Research design Learning objectives After completing this session, you will be able to: Develop a research design outlining your data collection
More informationIPDET Module 6: Descriptive, Normative, and Impact Evaluation Designs
IPDET Module 6: Descriptive, Normative, and Impact Evaluation Designs Intervention or Policy Evaluation Questions Design Questions Elements Types Key Points Introduction What Is Evaluation Design? Connecting
More informationCLINICAL EXCELLENCE AWARDS. Academy of Medical Royal Colleges submission to the Review Body on Doctors and Dentists Remuneration
CLINICAL EXCELLENCE AWARDS Academy of Medical Royal Colleges submission to the Review Body on Doctors and Dentists Remuneration Introduction The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (the Academy) welcomes
More informationService delivery interventions
Service delivery interventions S A S H A S H E P P E R D D E P A R T M E N T O F P U B L I C H E A L T H, U N I V E R S I T Y O F O X F O R D CO- C O O R D I N A T I N G E D I T O R C O C H R A N E E P
More informationBMJcareers. Informing Choices
: The Need for Career Advice in Medical Training How should the support provided to doctors and medical students to help them make career decisions during their training be improved? Experience elsewhere
More informationThis series of articles is designed to
Research and diabetes nursing. Part 3: Quantitative designs Vivien Coates This article is the third in a series that aims to assist nurses working in diabetes to understand research from a broad perspective,
More informationNON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES PRESENTED BY Name: WINNIE MUGERA Reg No: L50/62004/2013 RESEARCH METHODS LDP 603 UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI Date: APRIL 2013 SAMPLING Sampling is the use of a subset of the
More informationNon-random/non-probability sampling designs in quantitative research
206 RESEARCH MET HODOLOGY Non-random/non-probability sampling designs in quantitative research N on-probability sampling designs do not follow the theory of probability in the choice of elements from the
More informationOverview of mixed methods: a health services research perspective
Overview of mixed methods: a health services research perspective Julia Addington-Hall, Chair in End of Life Care, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southampton, UK Outline of presentation:
More informationSummary. Accessibility and utilisation of health services in Ghana 245
Summary The thesis examines the factors that impact on access and utilisation of health services in Ghana. The utilisation behaviour of residents of a typical urban and a typical rural district are used
More informationMode and Patient-mix Adjustment of the CAHPS Hospital Survey (HCAHPS)
Mode and Patient-mix Adjustment of the CAHPS Hospital Survey (HCAHPS) April 30, 2008 Abstract A randomized Mode Experiment of 27,229 discharges from 45 hospitals was used to develop adjustments for the
More informationInterviews and Focus Groups in Advertising, Public relations and Media
1 Your topic: an essay about interviews and focus groups which has to be from the point of view of my course specialism which is ADVERTISING PUBLIC RELATIONS AND MEDIA! Your desired style of citation:
More informationBriefingPaper. The access/relationship trade off: how important is continuity of primary care to patients and their carers?
CONTINUITY OF CARE SEPTEMBER 2006 BriefingPaper The access/relationship trade off: how important is continuity of primary care to patients and their carers? Key messages Patients want both quick access
More informationTHE EFFECTIVENESS OF SHORT-TERM STUDY ABROAD PROGRAMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AMONG PARTICIPATING CSU STUDENTS.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SHORT-TERM STUDY ABROAD PROGRAMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AMONG PARTICIPATING CSU STUDENTS Rafael Carrillo Abstract Study abroad programs have recently been shortening
More informationUsing qualitative research to explore women s responses
Using qualitative research to explore women s responses Towards meaningful assistance - how evidence from qualitative studies can help to meet survivors needs Possible questions Why do survivors of SV
More informationWhat is Grounded Theory? Dr Lynn Calman Research Fellow School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work
What is Grounded Theory? Dr Lynn Calman Research Fellow School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work Grounded theory The aim of grounded theory is: to generate or discover a theory (Glaser and Strauss,
More informationSurvey to Doctors in England End of Life Care Report prepared for The National Audit Office
Survey to Doctors in England End of Life Care Report prepared for The National Audit Office 1 2008, medeconnect Table of Contents 1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS... 3 2 INTRODUCTION... 5 3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND
More informationAmericans Split Over Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
Page 1 of 5 EUTHANASIA Americans Split Over and Assisted Suicide Democrats and Independents are more likely to voice support for either concept than Republicans. [NEW YORK Feb. 10, 2010] People in the
More informationInterview studies. 1 Introduction... 1. 2 Applications of interview study designs... 2. 3 Outline of the design... 3
Interview studies Contents 1 Introduction... 1 2 Applications of interview study designs... 2 3 Outline of the design... 3 4 Strengths and weaknesses of interview study designs... 6 5 References... 7 1
More informationFaculty of Nursing. Master s Project Manual. For Faculty Supervisors and Students
1 Faculty of Nursing Master s Project Manual For Faculty Supervisors and Students January 2014 2 Table of Contents Overview of the Revised MN Streams in Relation to Project 3 The Importance of Projects
More informationAS Sociology. The theoretical, practical and ethical considerations influencing the choice of topic, choice of method(s) and the conduct of research.
AS Sociology Revision Sociological Methods The theoretical, practical and ethical considerations influencing the choice of topic, choice of method(s) and the conduct of research. Chris. Livesey 2006: www.sociology.org.uk
More informationObserving and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any way.
HOW TO CHOOSE FROM THE DIFFERENT RESEARCH METHODS* The design is the structure of any scientific work. It gives direction and systematizes the research. The method you choose will affect your results and
More information2. Incidence, prevalence and duration of breastfeeding
2. Incidence, prevalence and duration of breastfeeding Key Findings Mothers in the UK are breastfeeding their babies for longer with one in three mothers still breastfeeding at six months in 2010 compared
More informationCourses Description Bachelor Degree in Social Work
Courses Description Bachelor Degree in Social Work Introduction to Social Work 2701101 Understanding the history of social work profession. Other topics include the philosophy, principles and ethics of
More informationNursing - Graduate (NGRD)
Loma Linda University 2015-2016 1 Nursing - Graduate (NGRD) Courses NGRD 500. Primary Care Adult-Gerontology Nurse Practioner: Fragile elders. 2 Continues development of the A-GNP role of health promotion,
More informationResearch Design and Research Methods
CHAPTER 3 Research Design and Research Methods Overview This chapter uses an emphasis on research design to discuss qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research as three major approaches to research
More informationACADEMIC DIRECTOR: Carla Marquez-Lewis Email Contact: THE PROGRAM Career and Advanced Study Prospects Program Requirements
Psychology (BA) ACADEMIC DIRECTOR: Carla Marquez-Lewis CUNY School of Professional Studies 101 West 31 st Street, 7 th Floor New York, NY 10001 Email Contact: Carla Marquez-Lewis, carla.marquez-lewis@cuny.edu
More informationGrounded Theory. 1 Introduction... 1. 2 Applications of grounded theory... 1. 3 Outline of the design... 2
Grounded Theory Contents 1 Introduction... 1 2 Applications of grounded theory... 1 3 Outline of the design... 2 4 Strengths and weaknesses of grounded theory... 6 5 References... 6 1 Introduction This
More informationREGULATIONS FOR THE POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY (PDipPsycho-oncology)
535 REGULATIONS FOR THE POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY (PDipPsycho-oncology) (See also General Regulations) M.105 Admission requirements To be eligible for admission to the programme leading to
More informationEHR4CR ENABLING PROACTIVE RESEARCH
EHR4CR ENABLING PROACTIVE RESEARCH Neelam Patel Neelam Consulting Electronic Health Records for Clinical Research 76 Why change how I currently operate? To more visible to the clinical trial community
More informationConsultant physiotherapist: a career goal achieved
Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Women s Health, Spring 2010, 106, 25 29 ACPWH CONFERENCE 2009 Consultant physiotherapist: a career goal achieved K. M. Vits Gynaecology Unit,
More informationFinancial capability and saving: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey
CRS02 NOVEMBER 2010 Financial capability and saving: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey About the Consumer Financial Education Body The Consumer Financial Education Body (CFEB) is an independent
More informationZainab Zahran The University of Sheffield School of Nursing and Midwifery
Understanding advanced nursing practice: perspectives from Jordan RCN-The 2010 International Nursing Research Conference Zainab Zahran The University of Sheffield School of Nursing and Midwifery Aims and
More informationBMJ. West Africa Edition BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL WEST AFRICA EDITION VOLUME 17, NO. 7, JAN. 2013 ISSN 1119-2984
More information
Health Research on the Current Agenda of School Psychology: Interview with Prof. Bonnie Nastasi
Europe s Journal of Psychology 4/2009, pp. 13-19 www.ejop.org Health Research on the Current Agenda of School Psychology: Interview with Prof. Bonnie Nastasi By Vlad Glăveanu EJOP Editor Health research,
More informationProfessional Degree Program Compliance With Requirements Related to Fees and Affordability. April 15, 2009
ATTACHMENT 1 Professional Degree Program Compliance With Requirements Related to Fees and Affordability April 15, 2009 Context The University of California Policy on Fees for Selected Professional School
More informationPlan for Masters Degree in Social Work
Plan for Masters Degree in Social Work 009 1- General Rules and Conditions: A- This plan conforms to the regulations of programs of graduate studies. B-. Areas of specialty accepted for admission according
More informationWhat does qualitative research have to offer evidence based health care? Brian Williams. Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Dundee
What does qualitative research have to offer evidence based health care? Brian Williams Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Dundee Qualitative Methods Participant observation In depth
More informationAn Examination of Hispanic Middle School Students Interest in Nursing as a Career Choice
Nursing and Health 1(2): 31-35, 2013 DOI: 10.13189/nh.2013.010203 http://www.hrpub.org An Examination of Hispanic Middle School Students Interest in Nursing as a Career Choice Laura McQueen 1,*, Lynn Zimmerman
More informationCompetencies for the nurse practitioner scope of practice
Competencies for the nurse practitioner scope of practice Approved by Council September 2008 Nurse practitioner scope of practice Nurse practitioners are expert nurses who work within a specific area of
More informationTo achieve this aim the specific objectives of this PhD will include:
PhD Project Proposal - Living well with dementia: a PhD programme to develop a complex intervention that integrates healthcare for people with dementia 1. Background to the study There are 800,000 people
More informationWhat Is a Case Study? series of related events) which the analyst believes exhibits (or exhibit) the operation of
What Is a Case Study? Mitchell (1983) defined a case study as a detailed examination of an event (or series of related events) which the analyst believes exhibits (or exhibit) the operation of some identified
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationQualitative Research.
Qualitative Research. What is qualitative research? The goal of qualitative research is the development of concepts which help us to understand social phenomena in natural (rather than experimental) settings,
More informationPatients expectations of private osteopathic care in the UK: a national survey of patients
Patients expectations of private osteopathic care in the UK: a national survey of patients C.M. Janine Leach, Anne Mandy, Vinette Cross, Carol A. Fawkes, Ann P. Moore IICAOR London 2012 Acknowledgements
More informationWits School of Public Health
SHORT COURSES FOR 2016 Wits School of Public Health Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Obtain Certificate of Competence in : 1. Processing, Distribution & Archiving I 2. Programming for Research
More informationBrighton & Hove City, England, 29 30 September 2008
Brighton & Hove City, England, 29 30 September 2008 Getting Professional World-class national occupational standards in social marketing Dr Chahid Fourali Developing First World-class Standards of Best
More informationCritical appraisal of quantitative and qualitative research literature
Australian Institute of Radiography 2009; 56 (3): 6 10 Short communication Critical appraisal of quantitative and qualitative research literature Tony Smith University Department of Rural Health, Faculty
More informationResearch Methods & Experimental Design
Research Methods & Experimental Design 16.422 Human Supervisory Control April 2004 Research Methods Qualitative vs. quantitative Understanding the relationship between objectives (research question) and
More informationThe Act protects people from discrimination on the basis of protected characteristics. The relevant characteristics are:
Equality Act 2010 The Equality Act 2010 brings together, harmonises and in some respects extends the current equality law, by making it more consistent, clearer and easier to follow in order to make society
More informationTailored Design Method, Response Rates and Systematic Limitation: A Comparative Study
Tailored Design Method, Response Rates and Systematic Limitation: A Comparative Study Kevin P. Mulvey, PhD Center for Substance Abuse Treatment Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
More informationWritten Example for Research Question: How is caffeine consumption associated with memory?
Guide to Writing Your Primary Research Paper Your Research Report should be divided into sections with these headings: Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and References. Introduction:
More informationStandards of proficiency. Dietitians
Standards of proficiency Dietitians Contents Foreword 1 Introduction 3 Standards of proficiency 7 Foreword We are pleased to present the Health and Care Professions Council s standards of proficiency for
More informationEvaluation: Designs and Approaches
Evaluation: Designs and Approaches Publication Year: 2004 The choice of a design for an outcome evaluation is often influenced by the need to compromise between cost and certainty. Generally, the more
More informationDoctor of Ministry (AQF level 10 Doctoral Degree) 71
Doctor of Ministry (AQF level 10 Doctoral Degree) 71 Course Rationale DOCTOR OF MINISTRY (AQF LEVEL 10 DOCTORAL DEGREE, COURSE CODE 200) The Doctor of Ministry is an AQF level 10 research doctoral award
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW. Saket Girotra University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States 04-Aug-2015
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationPotential Career Paths: Specialization Descriptions
FOUNDATION AND SPECIALIZATION COMPETENCIES FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH SCIENCES GRADUATE STUDENTS Updated Feb 2013 Department Mission Statement: The Department of Community Health Sciences is committed to enhancing
More informationQualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of a Service Learning Program
Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of a Service Learning Program Edward R. Karpp Director of Institutional Research Susan Borquez-Dougherty Service Learning Coordinator (now Student Retention Coordinator)
More informationTexas Higher Education Coordinating Board Characteristics of Texas Doctoral Programs 2015
Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board Characteristics of Texas Doctoral Programs 2015 The 18 Characteristics of Texas Public Doctoral Programs were developed by the Graduate Education Advisory Committee
More informationNurse Practitioner Mentor Guideline NPAC-NZ
Nurse Practitioner Mentor Guideline NPAC-NZ Purpose To provide a framework for the mentorship of registered nurses to prepare for Nurse Practitioner (NP) registration from the Nursing Council of New Zealand.
More informationSampling. COUN 695 Experimental Design
Sampling COUN 695 Experimental Design Principles of Sampling Procedures are different for quantitative and qualitative research Sampling in quantitative research focuses on representativeness Sampling
More informationFURTHER EDUCATION Place of education Type of training Qualification
APPLICATION FORM POSITION APPLIED FOR HOW DID YOU HEAR OF THIS VACANCY? (Name of publication, web site, agency or source) PERSONAL DETAILS Surname: First Names: Title: Previous Names: Home Address: Post
More informationGuided Reading 9 th Edition. informed consent, protection from harm, deception, confidentiality, and anonymity.
Guided Reading Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications 9th Edition EDFS 635: Educational Research Chapter 1: Introduction to Educational Research 1. List and briefly describe the
More informationDetermining Skill Mix: Practical Guidelines for Managers and Health Professionals
Special Article Determining Skill Mix: Practical Guidelines for Managers and Health Professionals James Buchan, MA (hons) Ph.D., D.P.M. Fiona O May, B.Sc., M.Sc. Queen Margaret University College, Edinburgh,
More information7 Performance Monitoring and Metrics
7 Performance Monitoring and Metrics Economic development is a dynamic landscape. Regardless of the community in question, there are always many forces and organizations involved. This is easy to understand
More informationCalifornia State University, Los Angeles Department of Sociology. Guide to Preparing a Masters Thesis Proposal
California State University, Los Angeles Department of Sociology Guide to Preparing a Masters Thesis Proposal Overview The following few pages provide you with guidelines for writing a Masters thesis proposal.
More informationSouth Carolina Perspectives on a Health Insurance Exchange: A Focus Group Research Study
South Carolina Perspectives on a Health Insurance Exchange: A Focus Group Research Study This report is based on research conducted by the South Carolina Institute of Medicine and Public Health for the
More informationDATA COLLECTION CHALLENGES
DATA COLLECTION CHALLENGES Sasha Hurrell This essay is part of a series of papers commissioned by The Partnering Initiative through its Case Study Project to develop insights into the process of researching/writing
More informationWHAT WORKS IN INNOVATION AND EDUCATION IMPROVING TEACHING AND LEARNING FOR ADULTS WITH BASIC SKILL NEEDS THROUGH FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT STUDY OUTLINE
WHAT WORKS IN INNOVATION AND EDUCATION IMPROVING TEACHING AND LEARNING FOR ADULTS WITH BASIC SKILL NEEDS THROUGH FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT STUDY OUTLINE The OECD s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation
More informationResearch & Development Guidance for Students
Research & Development Guidance for Students 2 Contents Introduction 3 Understanding the Research Approval Process 3 Is My Project Audit, Research or Something Else 4 What Next? 4 R&D Step by step Guide
More informationClaus Duedal Pedersen Chief Consultant Odense University Hospital Region of Southern Denmark
Claus Duedal Pedersen Chief Consultant Odense University Hospital Region of Southern Denmark Table of Content It all takes time RENEWING HEALTH in a nutshell Evaluating telemedicine Results & Expectations
More informationUser research for information architecture projects
Donna Maurer Maadmob Interaction Design http://maadmob.com.au/ Unpublished article User research provides a vital input to information architecture projects. It helps us to understand what information
More informationArticle Four Different Types of Evidence / Literature Reviews
Article Four Different Types of Evidence / Literature Reviews The rapid growth in the number of reviews undertaken can partly be explained by the current emphasis on evidence-based practice. Healthcare
More informationSchool of Public Health and Health Services. Doctor of Public Health Health Behavior Department of Prevention and Community Health.
School of Public Health and Health Services Doctor of Public Health Health Behavior Department of Prevention and Community Health 2014 Note: All curriculum revisions will be updated immediately on the
More informationExternal Field Review Results for the Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Monitoring System
External Field Review Results for the Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Monitoring System July 2012 Acknowledgements The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) wishes to acknowledge and thank the
More informationCaring for Vulnerable Babies: The reorganisation of neonatal services in England
Caring for Vulnerable Babies: The reorganisation of neonatal services in England LONDON: The Stationery Office 13.90 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 17 December 2007 REPORT BY THE COMPTROLLER
More informationStocktake of access to general practice in England
Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General Department of Health and NHS England Stocktake of access to general practice in England HC 605 SESSION 2015-16 27 NOVEMBER 2015 4 Key facts Stocktake of access
More informationGraduate Programs: Research Centres. Master of Applied Health Services Research. Master of Applied Health Services Research 1
Graduate Programs: Research Centres Master of Applied Health Services Research 1 Senate-approved Research Centres at Saint Mary s University can host graduate programs. The CN Centre for Occupational Health
More informationIndustrial Engineering and Management Systems
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems CIP Code Description 14.0101 Engineering, General 14.3501 Industrial Engineering ACTIVE TEACHING DISCIPLINES NCES Definition For more information on the NCES
More informationGender Sensitive Data Gathering Methods
Gender Sensitive Data Gathering Methods SABINA ANOKYE MENSAH GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATOR GRATIS FOUNDATION, TEMA, GHANA sabinamensah@hotmail.com Learning objectives By the end of this lecture, participants:
More informationWHY THEORY MATTERS FOR EFFECTIVE HEALTH PROMOTION:
WHY THEORY MATTERS FOR EFFECTIVE HEALTH PROMOTION: A BRIEFING I could not do my job without talking about theory. (Health promotion practitioner) There is nothing so practical as a good theory (Kurt Lewin).
More informationCOI Research Management Summary on behalf of the Department of Health
COI Research Management Summary on behalf of the Department of Health Title: Worth Talking About Campaign Evaluation 2010 / 2011 Quantitative research conducted by TNS-BMRB COI Reference number: 114770
More informationWARSAW SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS
WARSAW SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS mgr Ewelina Florczak The summary of doctoral dissertation THE TITLE SOCIAL ENTERPRISE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENT 1 Rationale topic A social enterprise as a business entity is subject
More informationMSc International Programme in Addiction Studies. Prospectus 2015-2016
MSc International Programme in Addiction Studies Prospectus 2015-2016 The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience www.kcl.ac.uk/ioppn The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
More informationGraduate Program Course Descriptions
Graduate Program Course Descriptions The following section provides course descriptions for courses offered and required in the Research College of Nursing Graduate Programs: the Family Nurse Practitioner
More informationResearch Grant Proposals-Sample Sections. Implications for HR Practice - examples from prior proposals:
Research Grant Proposals-Sample Sections Implications for HR Practice - examples from prior proposals: Example 1: The research proposed will be of direct value to HR practitioners in several ways. First,
More informationUnderstanding Clinical Trials
Understanding Clinical Trials The UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) is a partnership of organisations working to establish the UK as a world leader in clinical research, by harnessing the power
More informationHIV prevention and the wider UK population. What HIV prevention work should be directed towards the general population in the UK?
Shaping attitudes Challenging injustice Changing lives Policy briefing HIV prevention and the wider UK population September 2011 What HIV prevention work should be directed towards the general population
More informationSCREENING TEMPLATE. The purpose of the policy is to set out in summary how spiritual care services are recognised and provided within the BHSCT.
SCREENING TEMPLATE For further information on screening, please refer to the Guidance tes, which are also available in hard copy from the Health and Social Inequalities Team. 1 SCREENING TEMPLATE For further
More informationStandards of proficiency. Operating department practitioners
Standards of proficiency Operating department practitioners Contents Foreword 1 Introduction 3 Standards of proficiency 7 Foreword We are pleased to present the Health and Care Professions Council s standards
More informationCenteringParenting, a unique group post-partum care and social-support model, is ready for
Overall Summary CenteringParenting, a unique group post-partum care and social-support model, is ready for implementation in Calgary. Thanks to the funding provided by the Alberta Center for Child, Family,
More informationWhat are the features of targeted or systemwide initiatives that affect diversity in health professions trainees? A BEME systematic review
What are the features of targeted or systemwide initiatives that affect diversity in health professions trainees? A BEME systematic review Rabia Ahmed(MD) 1, Kristen Simone(BSc) 2, Jill Konkin(MD) 3, Sandra
More informationREGULATIONS FOR THE POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN PUBLIC HEALTH (PCPH) (Subject to approval)
512 REGULATIONS FOR THE POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN PUBLIC HEALTH (PCPH) (Subject to approval) (See also General Regulations) M.113 Admission requirements To be eligible for admission to the programme
More informationRESEARCH STUDY PROTOCOL. Study Title. Name of the Principal Investigator
RESEARCH STUDY PROTOCOL Study Title Name of the Principal Investigator For research involving human subjects, certain elements must be included with each new IRB submission to ensure an effective review
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW. Tatyana A Shamliyan. I do not have COI. 30-May-2012
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (see an example) and are provided with free text boxes to
More informationPromoting hygiene. 9.1 Assessing hygiene practices CHAPTER 9
74 CHAPTER 9 Promoting hygiene The goal of hygiene promotion is to help people to understand and develop good hygiene practices, so as to prevent disease and promote positive attitudes towards cleanliness.
More informationCOMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION. Adopted May 31, 2005/Voted revisions in January, 2007, August, 2008, and November 2008 and adapted October, 2010
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION Adopted May 31, 2005/Voted revisions in January, 2007, August, 2008, and November 2008 and adapted October, 2010 All students are required to successfully complete the Comprehensive
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationMN-NP GRADUATE COURSES Course Descriptions & Objectives
MN-NP GRADUATE COURSES Course Descriptions & Objectives NURS 504 RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE-INFORMED PRACTICE (3) The purpose of this course is to build foundational knowledge and skills in searching the literature,
More information13-30 14:15 Focusing the Question
13-30 14:15 Focusing the Question Andrew Booth, Reader in Evidence Based Information Practice, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, UK Importance of a focused question The review question should specify the
More information