Asaf Durakovic MD, Ph.D., FACP
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1 Asaf Durakovic MD, Ph.D., FACP Professor of Medicine, Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine UMRC International Director of Research
2 Uranium Medical Research Centre
3 Uranium Contamination of Iraq and Afghanistan and the Health Consequences of Radiological Warfare
4 Total Radioactivity Released by Uranium Weapons Conflict Mass (Tonnes) Activity (Bq) Chernobyl Reference 1.9 x Gulf War I x Balkan Conflict x Afghanistan 1000 (estimate) 3.7 x Gulf War II 1700 (estimate) 6.3 x Total x 10 14
5 Chronology of Studies 1991: Clinical, Laboratory, and Whole Body Counting Evaluation of Gulf War Veterans 1997: Neutron Activation Analysis of the Urine of Contaminated Gulf War I Veterans 1999: Medical Effects of Internal Contamination with Uranium 2001: On Depleted Uranium Gulf war and Balkan Syndrome 2002: The Quantitative Analysis of Depleted Uranium Isotopes in British, Canadian, and United States Gulf War Veterans 2003: Estimate of the Time-zero Lung Burden of Depleted Uranium in Gulf War Veterans by the 24 Hour Urinary Excretion and Exponential Decay Analysis 2003: Undiagnosed Illnesses and Radioactive Warfare 2004: The Quantitative Analysis of Uranium Isotopes in the Urine of the Civilian Population of Eastern Afghanistan after Operation Enduring Freedom 2004: Spectrometry Analysis of Uranium Concentration and Ratio, Chromosomal Studies, and Clinical Assessment of Contaminated Victims
6 UMRC Field Work and Sample Collection Activities Afghanistan: 1. May-June, 2002: Field Investigation 2. September, 2002: Field Investigation 3. June, 2003: Field Investigation 4. September, 2003: Field Investigation Iraq: Gulf War II 1. September-October, 2003: Post-conflict Field Trip Radiation survey of shock and awe bombsites Public health investigation of ten cities 100 biological, geological, and ballistic debris samples
7 Ratio of Uranium Isotopes 238 U 235 U 238 U/ 235 U 235 U/ 238 U Natural Uranium Shrapnel (DU) Urine
8 The Unique Signature of Artificial Uranium 238 U / 235 U Ratio Natural Uranium Depleted Uranium Non-Depleted Uranium U
9 Uranium Contamination in Afghanistan
10 Afghanistan Field Trip 1: Jalalabad
11 Map of Afghanistan
12 Bomb Crater, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
13 UMRC Team Member Gathering Soil Samples at Military Base
14 Gathering Water Samples at Village near Jalalabad
15 NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory Keyworth, Notts, United Kingdom
16 Afghanistan Trip 1: Results Jalalabad Isotopic Ratios: Natural 238 U/ 235 U and 234 U/ 238 U ratios (N=8) 236 U not detected Uranium Concentration: ng/l compared to 1-20 ng/l in a normal population
17 Afghanistan Trip 1: Jalalabad Uranium Urine Concentration ng/l
18 Afghanistan Field Trip 2: Kabul
19 Child Survivors of the Bombing of Houses in Bibi Mahrow
20 Children Drawing Water for Testing at Bibi Mahrow
21 Mosque Near Military Base Destroyed by Cruise Missile
22 Afghanistan Trip 2: Results Kabul Isotopic Ratios: Natural 238 U/ 235 U and 234 U/ 238 U ratios 236 U detected in 7 of 14 samples Uranium Concentration: 13 samples ranged from ng/l with one child having a concentration of 2031 ng/l
23 Comparison of Uranium Abundance in Urine USA NCEH GWV UK Control Afghanistan Controls Trip 1 Average Trip 2 Average
24 Gulf War II DU Contamination of Military Personnel and the Civilian Population
25 Map of Iraq
26 120mm DU Anti-tank Long Rod Penetrator Penetrator travels at 1.5+ km/sec Impact equivalent to 1.5 kg of TNT
27 British 120mm DU Round Slices Tank Turret
28 Contaminated Tank, Outskirts of Baghdad International Airport
29 Contaminated Tank Serving as a Bus Stop, Abu Kasib
30 A-10 30mm DU Round Exit Hole, An Nasiriyah
31 Ice Factory Hit by DU Round Fresh Water Tank is Contaminated with Uranium
32 Destroyed Tank and Craters in Road from A-10 DU Rounds
33 Bomb Explosions in Iraq
34 Decapitation Strike in Mansour District
35 Radar Station, Al Rashid Air Force Base
36 Baghdad Central Market
37 Bunker Buster Crater, Baghdad Central Market
38 Radio and Television Station, Baghdad
39 Dust Storms over the Arabian Peninsula
40 Dust Storm in Iraq
41 Troops in the Midst of a Dust Storm
42 Survey Equipment Remote Frisking Probe Victoreen d Exploranium Multi-channel Isotope Analyzer Victoreen Advanced Survey Meter 990 GM Radiation Detector
43 G-M Counter Overloads from Sudden Increase in Radioactivity
44 Radioactive Soldier s Vest for Uranium Aerosols
45 Alpha Radiation in Lung Tissue
46 Mass Spectrometry Laboratory Institute of Mineralogy JW Goethe University, Frankfurt
47 Mass Spectrometry Laboratory Institute of Mineralogy JW Goethe University, Frankfurt
48 Iraqi Civilians: Results Baghdad, Basra, and Nasiriyah Isotopic Ratios: Depleted uranium detected in 5 of 20 samples 236 U detected in 10 of 20 samples Uranium Concentration: Concentration ranged from 1-65 ng/l
49 Iraq: Results Soil Samples Isotopic Ratios: Depleted uranium detected in 10 of 10 samples from tank battlefields and bomb sites 236 U detected in all samples Uranium Concentration: Concentration ranged from mg/kg
50 Iraq: Results UMRC Field Team Two of the three member UMRC field team tested positive for depleted uranium after returning from Iraq.
51 Gulf War II Uranium Contamination in US Soldiers Deployed in Samawah
52 Map of As Samawah
53 Destroyed Iraqi APC on the Road to As Samawah
54 Dutch Troops in As Samawah Source: UK MOD Website
55 US Soldiers Tested Positive for DU Contamination Army Sgt. Hector Vega at his Bronx home Train shed at railway dept in Samawah where members of 442nd slept from June to August last year Augustin Matos with his daughter Samantha
56 Gulf War II Soldiers: Samawah Isotopic Ratios: Depleted uranium detected in 4 of 9 samples 236 U detected in 7 of 9 samples Uranium Concentration: Concentration ranged from ng/l
57 Conclusion The results demonstrate significant presence of depleted uranium and uranium-236 in four of nine United States soldiers tested who were contaminated from the inhalation of radioactive dust in the As Samawah region of Iraq during deployment in Gulf War II. In addition, three of the soldiers without DU ratio had definitive presence of uranium-236 in their urine.
58 Uranium Medical Research Centre
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