Best practices of SLM in East Asia - Focusing on Korean CSOs -

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1 From The Village, We Save The Earth Best practices of SLM in East Asia - Focusing on Korean CSOs - Ko, Jaekwang KOREA CSO Network Public Relation Director, Green Asia Network

2 Future forest

3 Best Practice Alkali-lake Desertification Rapid Disappearance of the 6 Major Lakes, north of Beijing since Where the lakes have dried out, Alkali-dust are causing grassland degradation. Alkali-dust is hurting husbandry and health in the region. Furthermore, the alkali-dust passes through Beijing, eventually reaching Korea. Qagan Nor 80km 2 Dried out in 2002 Huangqi Hai 110km 2 Dried out in 2008 Anguli Nor 70km 2 Dried out in 2004 Wulagai Wetland 230km 2 Dried out in 1997 (Dried out again in 2004 Dali Nor 230km Water level fell by 1.8m Planting site Drying Lake Daihai 160km 2 Nearly Dried out Beijing

4 Best Practice Alkali-lake Desertification Ecopeace Asia - Qagan Nor project for Combating Desertification in China (Hyundai Green Zone) Project Mechanism April : Preparing for Seeding(Advisory Field Trip) May June : Seeding(Operating Field laboratory) June - July : Germination(Global Youth Volunteer Program) July Oct : Growth(Growth & development Research/ Satellite Picture Analysis) Oct : Harvest(Evaluation of the work with the Advisory Group) Before 2002 As of 2008 After 2012

5 Best Practice Alkali-lake Desertification Satellite Image of Qagan Nor (9-Sep, 2011) Created 3,000ha new suaede glassland on the dried lake to combat desertification. Aimed at restoring the prairies by planting indigenous plants. Planting alkali tolerant plants, like Suaeda on the white bottom of the lake. By that mechanism, Prevented Yellow Dust and combated Desertification.

6 Best Practice Deforestation Project in Mongolia Introduction Plantation Site : Tujiin nars Nature Reserved Area, Selenge, Mongolia Duration : 2003 ~ present Area : 2,430ha (2003~2011) Tree species : Pinus sylvestris (a kind of pine tree) Funding source : Yuhan Kimberly a Korean private company Total cost : 1.3 million USD (150,000 USD/Year) Partner : Mongolian Forest Forum (NGO), Local Forest Community, Local Government According to the classification of forest vegetation zones of Mongolia, the area belongs to forest vegetation province of Selenge depression.

7 Best Practice Deforestation Project in Mongolia Location Selenge province of Mongolia is located 321 km from Ulaanbaatar. Total territory is sq km and consists of 17 sums and 49 bags (smallest administration units) Selenge

8 Survival rate, % Best Practice Deforestation Project in Mongolia Survival rate Planted trees in forestation areas ( ) ,5 92, , SP-1 SP-3 SP-4 SP-6 Number of Sample plots in plantation sites

9 Background I Deforestation Causes in DPRK Importance of Early Rehabilitation Reclamation of forestland & over-logging for fuelwood due to shortage of food & energy Degradation of agricultural land and forest due to climate change & flood Crisis in Food come from low Ag. productivity & destruction of forest Peace in NE Asia will be in danger because of food crisis in DPRK Expected huge cost when delay in rehabilitation Top soil loss & landslide due to patched agricultural land

10 Background II Urgent Need for Reforestation Deforested area : 2 million ha Soil erosion control work : 100,000ha Destruction of agricultural land & ecosystem due to loss of topsoil Take 20 years for the minimum reforestation & soil control work Topsoil erosion in DPR Korea

11 Background III Efforts of DPRK Rehabilitation National tree plant movement Modernization of forest management & adoption of new regulation Announcement of 10 year Forest Development Plan South Korea and NGOs for technical & financial support Request UNDP & IFAD for the reforestation Deforestation in DPR Korea

12 Suggestion Tree-planting by NGOs is one of the most peaceful and humanitarian assistances to North Korea It is necessary for NGOs to cooperate with the South Korean government because of their limited resources. It should be dealt with not only by South Korea but also by the international community Deforestation in DPR Korea

13 Living WITH local residents in the affected region by desertification Green Asia Network has dispatched annually about 13 staff members Forestry experts, agriculturalists, and forest site manager to its four typical forestry sites (Bayannuur, Baganuur, Erdene and Mandalgovi in Mongolia)

14 Helping Local Resident to be an EXPERT Focus on capacity-building of local residents Focus on capacitybuilding of local residents To be an expert of forest and agriculture For their self-sufficiency & stable settlement in the affected region

15 Establishing COOPERATION for Self-Sufficiency and Ecosystem Recovery The project is aiming not only for environmental rehabilitation in the affected region, but also for sustainable local income development.

16 Establishing COOPERATION for Self-Sufficiency and Ecosystem Recovery Trainee Contract on a yearly basis Offering Agro-forestry Manager Qualification Course for Locals After 3 years training, Become a CO-OP member Co-op Member Managing 300 Sea Buckthorn and 1,000-1,500 Windbreaks Having Ownership of Harvest Paying 50% of sales to Co-op - 30% for Community Fund - 20% for Forestry Maintenance Goals Joint Ownership of Forest Joint Management of Community Fund Establishment of Fruit processing Factory : Develop into Social Enterprise

17 Conceptual Figure for the Asian Cooperation Network ; Strategy and Partnership China Japan South Korea Affected Area Mongolia North Korea East Asia Environmental Network CSOs Government UNCCD COP10 Corporations GEF/FAO/ ADB/ WB Asian Cooperation Network Collaboration Support Benchmarking &Collaboration