PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE AEROPLANE MANUAL SACAA-01 FOR EXAMINATION PURPOSES ONLY PLEASE DO NOT MARK ON OR DAMAGE THIS MANUAL IN ANY WAY OCTOBER 2008

Transcription

1 FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE AEROPLANE MANUAL SACAA-01 FOR EXAMINATION PURPOSES ONLY PLEASE DO NOT MARK ON OR DAMAGE THIS MANUAL IN ANY WAY OCTOBER 2008 SOUTH AFRICAN CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY

2 CONTENTS Page (i) CONTENTS SECTION 1 - Page Figure Airspeed System Calibration Page Figure Stall Speeds Page Figure Flaps Up Take-off Ground Roll Page Figure Flaps Up Take-off Performance Page Figure Flaps Take-off Ground Roll Page Figure Flaps Take-off Performance Page Figure Climb Performance Page Figure Time, Distance and Fuel to Climb Page Figure Engine Performance Page Figure Speed Power - Performance Cruise Page Figure Speed Power - Economy Cruise Page Figure Range - Performance Cruise Page Figure Range - Economy Cruise Page Figure Endurance Page Figure Time, Fuel and Distance to Descend Page Figure Glide Range Page Figure Landing Performance Page Figure Landing Ground Roll Page Figure Airspeed Calibration Table Page Figure Climb Performance Table Page Figure Stall Speeds Table Page Figure Take-off Performance Table Page Figure Cruise Performance Table Page Figure Landing Performance Table SECTION 2 - MASS AND BALANCE Page Figure Mass and Balance Loading Form Page Figure Loading Graph Page Figure CG Range and Weight

3 Page 1-1 AIRSPEED SYSTEM CALIBRATION AIRSPEED SYSTEM CALIBRATION 2500 LBS GROSS WEIGHT 170 CALIBRATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS FLAPS 0 FLAPS INDICATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS Figure 1-1: Airspeed System Calibration

4 Page 1-2 STALL SPEEDS STALL SPEEDS POWER OFF 0 FLAPS 25 FLAPS 40 FLAPS 2500 LBS GROSS WEIGHT CALIBRATED AIRSPEED INDICATED AIRSPEED WEIGHT LBS ANGLE OF BANK - DEGREES Figure 1-2: Stall Speeds

5 Page 1-3 FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL - FEET FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL FULL THROTTLE BEFORE BRAKE RELEASE PAVED, LEVEL, DRY RUNWAY TAKE-OFF SPEEDS - KIAS WT - LBS LIFT OFF OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C WEIGHT - LBS WIND - KNOTS REFERENCE LINE LBS TAILWIND REFERENCE LINE - WIND 3000 SEA LEVEL STD. TEMP PRESSURE ALT - FT HEADWIND Figure 1-3: Flaps Up Take-off Ground Roll

6 Page 1-4 FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE TAKE-OFF DISTANCE OVER 50 FT BARRIER - FEET FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE FULL THROTTLE BEFORE BRAKE RELEASE PAVED, LEVEL, DRY RUNWAY 7000 TAILWIND TAKE-OFF SPEEDS - KIAS WT - LBS LIFT OFF 50 FT HEADWIND REFERENCE LINE LBS STD. TEMP PRESSURE ALT-FT REFERENCE LINE - WIND SEA LEVEL OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C WEIGHT - LBS WIND - KNOTS Figure 1-4: Flaps Up Take-off Performance

7 Page FLAPS TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL - FEET 25 FLAPS TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL FULL THROTTLE BEFORE BRAKE RELEASE PAVED, LEVEL, DRY RUNWAY TAKE-OFF SPEEDS - KIAS WT - LBS LIFT OFF TAILWIND REFERENCE LINE LBS REFERENCE LINE - WIND STD. TEMP HEADWIND PRESSURE ALT-FT SEA LEVEL OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C WEIGHT - LBS WIND - KNOTS Figure 1-5: 25 Flaps Take-off Ground Roll

8 Page FLAPS TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE TAKE-OFF DISTANCE OVER 50 FT BARRIER - FEET 25 FLAPS TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE FULL THROTTLE BEFORE BRAKE RELEASE PAVED, LEVEL, DRY RUNWAY 3500 TAILWIND TAKE-OFF SPEEDS - KIAS WT - LBS LIFT OFF 50 FT HEADWIND REFERENCE LINE LBS 3000 STD. TEMP PRESSURE ALT-FT 1500 REFERENCE LINE - WIND SEA LEVEL OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C WEIGHT - LBS WIND - KNOTS Figure 1-6: 25 Flaps Take-off Performance

9 Page 1-7 CLIMB PERFORMANCE CLIMB PERFORMANCE FULL THROTTLE, FLAPS UP, 75 KIAS 2500 LBS GROSS WEIGHT STD TEMP 3000 SEA LEVEL PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C RATE OF CLIMB - FPM Figure 1-7: Climb Performance

10 Page 1-8 TIME, DISTANCE AND FUEL TO CLIMB TIME, DISTANCE AND FUEL TO CLIMB DISTANCE - NM TIME - MIN FUEL - GAL 1 PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET CLIMB AT FULL THROTTLE 75 KIAS, FLAPS UP, 2500 LBS GROSS WEIGHT GRAPH INCLUDES FUEL FOR START, TAXI AND TAKE-OFF 8000 STD TEMP SEA LEVEL OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C TIME, DISTANCE AND FUEL TO CLIMB Figure 1-8: Time, Distance and Fuel to Climb

11 Page 1-9 ENGINE PERFORMANCE ENGINE PERFORMANCE BEST POWER MIXTURE FUEL FLOW - GALLONS PER HOUR BEST POWER BEST ECONOMY % % % PERCENT POWER PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET 0 STD TEMP SEA LEVEL OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C ENGINE SPEED - RPM Figure 1-9: Engine Performance

12 Page 1-10 SPEED POWER - PERFORMANCE CRUISE SPEED POWER - PERFORMANCE CRUISE BEST POWER MIXTURE 2500 LBS MAX GROSS WEIGHT 2650 RPM OR FULL THROTTLE PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET 1 0 PERCENT POWER STD TEMP SEA LEVEL OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C TRUE AIRSPEED - KNOTS Figure 1-10: Speed Power - Performance Cruise

13 Page 1-11 SPEED POWER - ECONOMY CRUISE SPEED POWER - ECONOMY CRUISE BEST ECONOMY MIXTURE 2650 RPM OR FULL THROTTLE 2500 LBS MAX GROSS WEIGHT SUBTRACT 5 KTS IF WHEEL FAIRINGS REMOVED PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET 1 0 PERCENT POWER STD TEMP SEA LEVEL OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C TRUE AIRSPEED - KNOTS Figure 1-11: Speed Power - Economy Cruise

14 Page 1-12 RANGE - PERFORMANCE CRUISE RANGE - PERFORMANCE CRUISE BEST POWER MIXTURE 2500 LBS MAX GROSS WEIGHT RANGE REDUCED BY 5% IF WHEEL FAIRINGS REMOVED RANGE WITH 45 MIN RESERVE AT 55% POWER 75% 65% 55% POWER RANGE WITH NO RESERVE 75% 65% 55% PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET SEA LEVEL STD TEMP OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C RANGE - NAUTICAL MILES Figure 1-12: Range - Performance Cruise

15 Page 1-13 RANGE - ECONOMY CRUISE RANGE - ECONOMY CRUISE BEST ECONOMY MIXTURE 2500 LBS MAX GROSS WEIGHT RANGE REDUCED BY 5% IF WHEEL FAIRINGS REMOVED 65% 55% POWER 65% 55% RANGE WITH 45 MIN RESERVE AT 55% POWER 75% RANGE WITH NO RESERVE 75% PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET 1 0 SEA LEVEL STD TEMP OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C RANGE - NAUTICAL MILES Figure 1-13: Range - Economy Cruise

16 Page 1-14 ENDURANCE SL ENDURANCE WITH 45 MIN RESERVE AT 55% POWER 65% ENDURANCE BEST ECONOMY MIXTURE 2500 LBS MAX GROSS WEIGHT ENDURANCE WITH NO RESERVE 55% POWER 75% 55% 75% 65% ENDURANCE - HOURS PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FT Figure 1-14: Endurance

17 Page 1-15 TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO DESCEND TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO DESCEND DESCEND AT 115 KIAS, 2400 RPM 2500 LBS GROSS WEIGHT 1 DISTANCE - NM TIME - MIN FUEL - GAL 1 0 PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET STD TEMP SEA LEVEL OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C TIME, DISTANCE AND FUEL Figure 1-15: Time, Fuel and Distance to Descend

18 Page 1-16 GLIDE RANGE GLIDE RANGE POWER OFF, 0 FLAP, 75 KIAS 2500 LBS, ZERO WIND GLIDE RANGE - NAUTICAL MILES PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET Figure 1-16: Glide range

19 Page 1-17 LANDING PERFORMANCE LANDING DISTANCE OVER 50 FT BARRIER - FEET LANDING PERFORMANCE POWER OFF, 65 KIAS APPROACH SPEED 40 FLAPS, FULL STALL TOUCHDOWN MAXIMUM SAFE BRAKING PAVED, LEVEL, DRY RUNWAY TAILWIND PRESSURE ALT - FT REFERENCE LINE LBS REFERENCE LINE - WIND STD. TEMP 8000 HEADWIND SEA LEVEL OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C WEIGHT - LBS WIND - KNOTS Figure 1-17: Landing Performance

20 Page 1-18 LANDING GROUND ROLL LANDING GROUND ROLL POWER OFF, 65 KIAS APPROACH SPEED 40 FLAPS, FULL STALL TOUCHDOWN MAXIMUM SAFE BRAKING PAVED, LEVEL, DRY RUNWAY TAILWIND PRESSURE ALT - FT LANDING GROUND ROLL - FEET REFERENCE LINE LBS REFERENCE LINE - WIND STD. TEMP 8000 HEADWIND SEA LEVEL OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C WEIGHT - LBS WIND - KNOTS 500 Figure 1-18: Landing Ground Roll

21 Page 1-19 AIRSPEED CALIBRATION TABLE AIRSPEED CORRECTION TABLE FLAPS UP KIAS KCAS FLAPS KIAS KCAS FLAPS 40 KIAS KCAS Figure 1-19: Airspeed Calibration Table

22 Page 1-20 CLIMB PERFORMANCE TABLE WEIGHT LBS CLIMB PERFORMANCE PRESS CLIMB ALT SPEED FT KIAS RATE OF CLIMB - FPM -20 C 0 C 20 C 40 C 2300 SL , , CONDITIONS: Full Power, Flaps retracted and mixture leaned for maximum RPM during the climb Figure 1-20: Climb Performance Table

23 Page 1-21 STALL SPEEDS TABLE WEIGHT (LBS) FLAP SETTING STALL SPEEDS ANGLE OF BANK KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS UP UP CONDITIONS: Power Off. NOTE: Indicated airspeed figures are approximate values Figure 1-21: Stall Speeds Table

24 Page 1-22 TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE TABLE TAKE-OFF DISTANCE REQUIRED CONDITIONS: Flaps up, Full power before brake release, Paved, level, dry runway, Zero wind NOTES: Decrease all distances by 10% for each 5 knots headwind. Increase all distances by 10% for each 2 knots tailwind. For operation on a dry, grass runway increase all distances by 10% of the "Ground Roll" figure. WEIGHT (LBS) TAKE-OFF SPEED (KIAS) LIFT AT OFF 50 FT PRESSURE ALTITUDE (FT) GND ROLL 0 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C TOTAL TO CLEAR 50 FT GND ROLL TOTAL TO CLEAR 50 FT GND ROLL TOTAL TO CLEAR 50 FT GND ROLL TOTAL TO CLEAR 50 FT GND ROLL TOTAL TO CLEAR 50 FT SEA LEVEL Figure 1-22: Take-off Performance Table

25 Page 1-23 CRUISE PERFORMANCE TABLE CRUISE PERFORMANCE Gross Weight 2300 Lbs, Mixture Leaned For Cruise, Zero Wind PRESSURE ALTITUDE RPM % BHP KTAS GPH Endurance (hours) Range (nm) , Figures are based on 48 Gallons of usable fuel (No Reserve) Figure 1-23: Cruise Performance Table

26 Page 1-24 LANDING PERFORMANCE TABLE CONDITIONS: Flaps 40 Power off Maximum braking Paved, level, dry runway Zero wind LANDING DISTANCE REQUIRED NOTES: Decrease all distances by 10% for each 10 knots of headwind. Increase all distances by 10% for each 10 knots of tailwind. For operation on a dry, grass runway increase all distances by 25% of the "Ground Roll" figure. WEIGHT LBS KIAS AT 50 FT PRESSURE ALTITUDE FEET GND ROLL 0 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C TOTAL TO CLEAR 50 FT GND ROLL TOTAL TO CLEAR 50 FT GND ROLL TOTAL TO CLEAR 50 FT GND ROLL TOTAL TO CLEAR 50 FT GND ROLL TOTAL TO CLEAR 50 FT SEA LEVEL Figure 1-24: Landing Performance Table

27 MASS AND BALANCE Page 2-1 MASS AND BALANCE LOADING FORM Weight Arm Aft Datum Moment (lbs) (inches) (inch-pounds) Basic Empty Weight Pilot and Passenger 77.8 Passengers (Aft) Fuel 93.0 Baggage Total Loaded Aeroplane NOTE: The Maximum All Up Weight of this aeroplane is 2500 lb. Figure 2-1: Mass and Balance Loading Form

28 MASS AND BALANCE Page 2-2 LOADING GRAPH LOAD WEIGHT (POUNDS) PILOT AND FRONT PASSENGER FUEL (6LB/USG) BAGGAGE AFT PASSENGERS MOMENT/ (POUNDS - INCHES) Figure 2-2: Loading Graph

29 MASS AND BALANCE Page 2-3 CG RANGE AND WEIGHT 2500 NORMAL CATEGORY 2300 UTILITY CATEGORY AEROPLANE WEIGHT IN POUNDS CG LOCATION - INCHES AFT OF DATUM 1100 Figure 2-3: CG Range and Weight