COGENERATION, an economic alternative for Turkish Municipalities?

Transcription

1 Katılım Öncesi Yardım Programı Eşleştirme Projesi: TR03-EY-01 Pre-accession Assistance Programme Twinning Project: TR03-EY-01 COGENERATION, an economic alternative for Energy & economy, basic data in Turkey & methods for a preliminary sizing Bernard CORNUT RTA, with B. Mohanty Twinning Improvement of Energy Efficiency in Turkey 1

2 Overview Energy Needs for residential heating: data, climatic zones Influence of insulation on heat demand, new & old buildings Needs for residential electricity, kwh & kva Looking ahead: Demand side management, Energy labels, trends of growth, Hourly patterns Facing Variations in heat & electricity demand, need for back-up, optimal sizing, storage, tariffs and licenses issues. Mix together complementary Energy demands: Residential & Commercial buildings, Industrial zones, cooling networks Tariffs for heat and electricity, recent and expected changes Conclusions: a few favourable situations in a comprehensive approach for energy saving. Ask for options! 2

3 Residential needs for heating & electricity: data, climatic zones, seasons & local situations Climate, building type, heating system & income influence heating needs. Cooling might be asked. New or old buildings?: applying TS825 (or better) reduces needs to 30% to 60% of the need of a non insulated building built before For kwh use per year, TUIK data are useful, but at Province level. The TS825 was made only for heating in winter season. Also consider Summer conditions! E A B K S M T O M M S M G 3

4 City & Energy: heating, electricity Degree days and kwh/year/ household in the Province CITY and ENERGY Degree Days KWh use per year per household in the Province Kars Erzurum Bayburt Eskişehir Ankara Sandikli (Afyon) Taşkent (Konya) Malatya Gaziantep Siirt Mugla Osmaniye Kahramanmaraş Mahmutlar (Alanya) S1 4

5 Influence of insulation on heating demand Item General data on site, year, type Unit A City ANKARA MODEL FOR ECONOMIC EVALUATION B Climatic Zone TS825 3 OF THE THERMAL REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS C Reference Heating Degree Days TTMD Average 3313 Degree Days in black bold input figures in red bold key outputs D DegreeDays calculated for Meteo file of year 2005?? Degree Days E Reference Flat living heated area in m2 94 m2/flat F Number of storeys of reference building 5 floors G Reference specific energy needs I BASE CASE: WITHOUT INSULATION, simple glazing J for heating at 22 C, useful final, calculated by simulation 138 kwh/m2*year final K for cooling at 24C indoor, useful final L Boiler & distribution efficiency 67,5% K for heating at 22 C, gross 204 kwh/m2*year gross L Annual Gas consumption for heating per flat & its cost kwh/flat*year 1134 YTL/flat*year M WITH INSULATION at TS825 rev.2006 N for heating at 20 C, calculated by simulation 72 kwh/m2*year final O for cooling at 24C indoor, useful final P Boiler & distribution efficiency after rehabilitation 73,0% Q for heating at 20 C, gross 99 kwh/m2*year gross R Annual Gas consumption for heating per flat & its cost kwh/flat*year 547 YTL/flat*year S Total Saving rate in % of gross needs without insulation 51,8% 51,5% check Breakdown of the savings in % by technical option (on basis of useful heating energy need in base case without Insulation, not strictly cumulative) Partial Savings % Specific Heating (final)need Saving & Need by each single option kwh/m2*year Unit price, incl. Installation, from market data Qty per reference flat (architecture) Estimated Cost of Investment Expected Saving YTL/year (heating) T U Double glazing 12% 16, YTL/m2 13,5 m YTL/flat ,9 V Wall insulation 28% 38, YTL/m2 84 m YTL/flat ,0 W Roof Insulation for top flats only 21% 29, YTL/m2 94 m YTL/flat ,1 X Basement insulation for basement flat only 12% 16, YTL/m2 94 m YTL/flat ,7 Y Thermostatic valves 3% 4, YTL/flat 1 set p flat 240 YTL/flat 31 7,6 Z Indoor comfort temp. 20 C instead 22 C as no cold walls 12% 126 AA Combined Savings with all options above,incl.roof +base share 48% BB Improving boiler & distribution efficiency, saving % on useful energy 8% 300 YTL/flat YTL/flat 85 3,5 CC Collective solar water heater with meters, saving gas 2760 kwh/flat*year 1200 YTL/flat 1 set p flat YTL 163 7,4 DD Average rehabilitation cost per reference flat, excl.solar HW YTL/flat ,3 EE Average rehabilitation cost per reference flat, incl.solar HW YTL/flat 750 9,7 FF Idem, but solar + gas back up replacing an electric water heater (thermosiphon) 436 GG Average rehabilitation cost per reference flat, incl.solar HW replacing electric water heater YTL/flat ,1 HH Price of energy (gas, household tariff) March07 0,05 YTL/kWh VAT"KDV 18% 0,059 YTL/kWh tax incl. II Price of energy (electricity, household tariff) March07 0,12406 YTL/kWh 8% VAT"KDV 18% 0,1581 YTL/kWh all tax incl. Pay back period (years) 5

6 Electric Demand Side Management, Energy labels, trends of growth, Hourly patterns Consider kwh & kva, energy & power! Times of Day Tariff (3) & Awareness can help moderating peak demand. At evening? Afternoon? A part of supply must be purchased from the network. Try to attract users outside peaks. Load curve for lighting: monitoring 100 households in France, 4 regions. 6

7 Seasonal & Inter-annual Variations in heat & electricity demand, need for back-up Long heating periods are favorable. What to do with recovered heat May-Oct? Seasonal industries (food processing?; sea water desalination?, swimming pool?) Recovered heat can produce cooling Guarantee of Supply back-up by gas or coal boilers; connection to Medium Voltage lines. Check legal details on purchase contract, sales & tariffs. 7

8 Combine together complementary Energy demands: Residential + Commercial buildings, Industrial zones, cooling networks Residential uses are reasonably predictable. Commercial buildings have specific profiles per type (hospitals, hotels, markets, offices, schools) Industrial zones: very specific & variable mix of heat, power, cooling. Need Professional study Seasonal variations of residential gas consumption for Ankara, 2005 (Source of data: EGO web site) Gaz use in Millions M Base line for hotwater and cooking, less dependant on season OCAK MART MAYIS TEMMUZ EYLÜL KASIM 8

9 Tariffs for heat and electricity, recent and expected changes Look at tariffs & trends, electricity, fuel & gas, taxes Recently, gas price increased faster than electricity in Turkey. Trend influenced by international oil prices More pressure against CO2, climate change, pollutions Enerji dunyası 9

10 Look forward for new optimal & no regrets options Incandescent bulbs makes heat, increases A/C need Adequate? Insulation > 5000DD 10

11 Conclusions: a few favourable situations in a comprehensive approach for energy saving. Ask for options! Plan in advance, integrate long term options in urban planning If energy demand is high search for options (cold area, tourism, A/C, industrial & business zones development ) Mix demands for optimal combination. Promote awareness & rehabilitation for energy savings Dialogue for partnerships with users, developers. and regulators 11

12 Hava güzel, limitsiz? Thank you - Teşekkürler Merci - Danke cornutb@eie.gov.tr 12