Building Intelligence into Water Metering
|
|
- Shona Scott
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Building Intelligence into Water Metering WPW-WAT White Paper NEW TECHNOLOGIES CAN REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND OPERATING COSTS FOR WATER UTILITIES, WHILE IMPROVING REVENUE AND PERFORMANCE. Water utilities are under pressure due to the rising cost of labor and energy and are focusing their attention on improving operational efficiencies. With new choices in flow measurement technologies, utilities can improve cost and gain revenue advantages from advanced meter technologies that: Capture more revenue by accurately measuring a wider range of high and low flows Reduce the cost of owning and operating the meters Lessen energy consumption over the life cycle of the meter Reduce water loss, wasted energy and repair costs through superior leak detection and by proactive notification of trouble conditions HOW TRADITIONAL WATER METERING TECHNOLOGIES MEASURE UP Water meter measurement technologies fall into two broad categories: Displacement meters that have an internal measuring element of a known size or finite volume that rotates due to pressure differential and totalize the finite volume into total volume. Velocity meters that measure the velocity of flow through a chamber of known cross-sectional area and then converts the speed of flow, using the known area, into the volume. The right metering technology for a utility customer depends on the type of water, forecasted flow rates, accuracy requirements and cost. Flow measurement technologies in general use today have been well accepted and widely deployed, but they have some limitations. Better options are now available and it s time to take another look at the business impacts of legacy metering technologies. Let s take a look at the most prevalent metering technologies in the field, and the advantages and Disadvantages of each. The positive displacement (PD) meter is the most common type of meter in use today. In a PD meter, water physically moves the measuring element in direct relation to the amount of water passing through the meter. The piston or disk moves a magnet that drives the meter s register. Advantages: PD meters are generally very accurate at the low to moderate flow rates typical of residential and small commercial customers. These meters are widely accepted and perceived to be more durable than many other types of meters. Disadvantages: In order for a displacement meter to significantly increase its accuracy, the clearances between the measuring volume and the vessel must be reduced; this makes it susceptible to debris. Additionally, as the water volume is increased, the costs to make a piston meter large enough to handle these flow rates increases dramatically. Velocity meters use ports of known size to create a jet of water against an impeller. The impeller rotates in relation to the velocity of water flow. Advantages: Velocity meters are accurate at low flow rates (although PD meters are generally more accurate at low flow rates), typically handle large flows of water and are less susceptible to jamming. Turbine meters, a type of velocity meter, can accommodate higher flow rates with less pressure loss than PD meters. Disadvantages: Performance is not linear across the flow range and generally not as accurate as a PD meter at the very low flows. Fluidic oscillator meters measure the frequency with which a fluid entering the meter attaches to one of two opposite diverging side walls and then the other, due to the Coanda effect, the tendency of a fluid jet to attach itself to a nearby surface. Advantages: This technology measures only the flow of water, so it is not affected by the presence of air in the water system. With no moving parts in the measuring chamber, it can be used where sand and grit are present in the water. Disadvantages: This technology typically struggles at low flow due to the need to have a minimum flow rate, given a specific vessel size, for the coanda effect to start. 1
2 Ultrasonic meters use an ultrasonic transducer to send sound waves upstream and downstream through the water, the difference of which is used to determine its velocity, which is then translated into a measure of water volume. Advantages: There is no measuring element hindering the path of water flow, so pressure loss is not a concern, and there is no reduction of accuracy over time. Disadvantages: Ultrasonic meters require sound, and sound requires power. The high sampling rate required for high accuracy (nearly continuous sampling) produces a heavy power drain. To conserve power and battery life, the sampling rate can be reduced and the periodic measurements averaged, but accuracy suffers, especially at low flow rates. Compound meters have two measuring elements: a turbine to measure high flows and a smaller element, typically velocity or PD, to measure low flows. A check valve regulates flow between the two metering chambers. Advantages: This meter can be used where flow is highly variable: high enough to require a turbine meter but too low to be accurately registered. Disadvantages: Although compound meters offer the benefits of two metering technologies, they carry the potential for clogging at low flows. Moreover, the use of two measuring technologies increases complexity and service requirements. Magnetic flow meters are based on Faraday s law of induction: the induced electromotive force (EMF) in any closed circuit is equal to the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. In simpler terms, the meter measures an electrical signal that is produced when ionized water flows through a magnetic field. The faster the water flows, the more voltage is created and measured. Voltage is linearly proportional to speed; as water speed increases, voltage increases and the measure of volume increases. Advantages: Since mag meters have no mechanical measuring element inside the flow chamber, there is no reduction in accuracy over time; there is linear performance over the flow range. These meters maintain accuracy at both forward and reverse flow directions. Disadvantages: In traditional mag meters, creating the magnetic field and sustaining the right electrical environment for accurate readings requires a controlled magnetic field and considerable amount of energy. REDEFINING THE TECHNOLOGY OF WATER METERING Until recently, there has been little advancement in metering technology. Water meters have been quiet workhorses, operating for decades without fanfare, while dramatic technology leaps have been made in other areas, such as AMR and AMI for remote meter reading and monitoring. In 2008, Sensus introduced groundbreaking new metering technologies for commercial and residential applications. Floating Ball Technology (FBT) for high-flow commercial and fire service metering Sensus patented floating ball technology (FBT) is a unique variant on turbine metering concepts that significantly reduces pressure loss and virtually eliminates component wear while improving accuracy across an extended flow range. In a meter equipped with floating ball technology, the measuring chamber includes a ball-shaped, turbine impeller that floats between axial bearings. As water passes through the meter, the impeller rises from the bearings and rotates in the water. Embedded rotor magnets deliver signals to an ultra-sensitive register pickup probe. As flow increases, the impeller centers itself and literally floats inside the measuring chamber. The thermoplastic ball is virtually weightless in water, so it begins moving with very little water flow or force through the meter. As a result, this type of meter can accurately record very low flows as well as support extended high flow rates all with practically no friction or wear. Figure 1. Floating Ball Technology The lightweight, thermoplastic floating ball is sensitive to very low water flows. Sensus innovative, floating ball technology is currently available on the following meters: Sensus OMNI T2 meters for applications that in the past would have used traditional turbine meters Sensus OMNI C2 meters for applications where a compound meter would have been used Sensus OMNI F2 meters for fire line meters OMNI large water meters from Sensus are the most technologically advanced commercial meters on the market today, based on known performance parameters against other meters of the same class. 2
3 Figure 2. Sensus OMNI meters for commercial and industrial applications The only meters on the market that use Floating Ball Technology Remanent field technology for residential water metering Remanent field technology, in conjunction with magnetic metering technology, requires far less energy than traditional mag meters and permits much greater accuracy, even at intermittent or very low flows. A traditional magnetic meter uses electrical current flowing in a drive coil to create the magnetic field, which requires a lot of energy. Remanent field technology also uses a pulse of current in a drive coil to magnetize a small piece of magnetic material. With remanent field technology, the coil set constantly maintains power while periodically flipping. This keeps electrical noise low, and allows for accurate measurement of lower water flows. Uses less power. Normal mag meter coil sets consume a lot of power. Remanent technology, with its low switching rate and patented electrodes embedded in the flow tube, maintains a magnetic field without continuous battery drain. Remanent field technology is only available on Sensus iperl systems for residential and small commercial applications. It is designed for any application where PD or multi-jet meters would have been used in the past. It is particularly well-suited for settings where sediment and sand are present in the water, where customers have fire sprinklers or other mission-critical water services, or where well water is being metered. Figure 4. Sensus iperl Water Management System The only meters on the market thata use Sensus-patented Remanent Field Technology Figure 3. Faraday s Law in Magnetic Meter Technology This new technology enhancement differs from traditional magnetic meters: Captures lower flows. As water flow slows down, the voltage signal is reduced and could be lost in the electronic noise. Remanent meters periodically reverse or flip the magnetic field, thereby cancelling out the noise, to record very low flows that other magnetic meters cannot measure. Measures intermittent flow:. Because the magnetic field is held constant, there are no gaps in measurement. This is a significant advantage for residential settings, where water flow can be intermittent. REDEFINING THE ECONOMICS OF WATER METERING New metering technologies offer tangible and immediate business benefits to utilities. With meters using floating ball technology and/or remanent field technology, utilities can now: Capture more revenue by accurately measuring a wider range of high and low flows Reduce the cost of owning and operating the meters Reduce energy consumption over the life cycle of the meter Reduce water loss, wasted energy and repair costs through superior leak detection and by getting early notification of trouble conditions, when connected to an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) communications network. Capture more revenue by accurately measuring a wider range of high and low flows Preventing nonrevenue water loss caused by meter inaccuracy can deliver meaningful new revenue and more equitable customer billing. In light of these benefits, utilities may want to make low-flow and high-flow accuracy a key consideration in selecting meters for initial installation or replacement. Accuracy in Sensus OMNI meters. Because even the slightest amount of water will cause the lightweight impeller to move, 3
4 floating ball technology meters can measure flows 50 percent lower than the lowest flow captured by traditional turbine meters. For example, a 2 OMNI T2 meter can easily measure flows as low as 1.5 gallons per minute. Floating ball technology also enables the OMNI meter to register reads at higher flow rates than any other turbo meter currently available. The OMNI s enhanced flow range also means that the meter can be installed in areas where compound meters were previously the norm. Figure 5. Accuracy curves for representative OMNI meters Accuracy in Sensus iperl systems. Because meters utilizing remanent field technology measures intermittent flow, they are far more accurate than traditional mag meters, which are typically configured to sample at intervals and average the results (continuous sampling in mag meters is possible but requires undue amounts of power). Compared to traditional PD meters, iperl systems can measure to a 20 percent lower flow rate. They are also built to withstand high flows while maintaining measurement accuracy, enabling the capture of 100 percent of water flow. Unlike PD meters, iperl systems have no mechanical parts to wear out and degrade accuracy over time. In addition, the design and smooth bore of the flow tube inhibit the formation of scale that may also affect accuracy. Figure 6. Accuracy curves for representative iperl systems Reduce the cost of owning and operating the meters. New Sensus metering technologies are designed not only for high metering accuracy but also for lower total cost of ownership than traditional meters less costly to install, operate and maintain. Easy installation. Sensus OMNI meters and iperl systems are built to standard laying lengths, making them easy to retrofit into existing water distribution systems. Long battery life. The lower power consumption of iperl systems reduces costs and significantly extends battery life. OMNI register batteries are warranted for 10 years, iperl register batteries for 20 years. Simple maintenance. There is only one moving part in the measuring chamber of an OMNI meter, none inside an iperl system. Design simplicity means fewer individual components to maintain. Long meter service life with lifetime accuracy. In many traditional meter designs, such as the PD meters that are used in most residential and small commercial settings, friction and wear on mechanical parts affects accuracy over time and shortens useful service life. New Sensus technologies operate with virtually no friction and wear. The impeller in an OMNI meter floats in the water. The flow tube in an iperl system has no mechanical parts to degrade or jam. No repair is required. Wider range of accurate measurement. iperl and OMNI products allow utilities to capture a wider range of water, from low flow to high flow, while meeting AWWA accuracy requirements at all flow rates to ensure all water usage is measured and accounted for. Reduced labor cost. Besides reduced service/maintenance, Sensus OMNI meters and iperl systems are compatible with industry-standard AMI systems, such as the Sensus FlexNet communications network. Utilities that choose to use these meters in AMI arrangements can eliminate the labor and fleet costs associated with walk-by or drive-by meter reading. Reduce energy consumption over the life cycle of the meter. The Sensus iperl systems and OMNI meters offer a number of benefits that reduce energy consumption over their total lifecycle. iperl systems feature a lead-free construction, comprised solely of composite materials. These materials are much lighter than their bronze counterparts and require less energy to manufacture and ship. Historically, water utilities sent meter readers to customer sites to visit the meter and record how much water was consumed. Automatic meter reading (AMR) streamlined that task by enabling meters to be electronically read from nearby, such as from a vehicle driving by the customer location. These approaches are simple but resource-intensive; meter readers still have to drive vehicles around the served area. Fixed wireless communications the hallmark of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) enables meters to be read and even monitored and managed from a remote, central location. 4
5 This capability eliminates the need to send a fleet of vehicles out into the service area which in turn reduces fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Remote wireless communications also enable the water meter to deliver near-real-time information about peak flow, total volume and other conditions to support proactive planning and better business decisions. Sensus OMNI and iperl technologies are compatible with industry-standard AMI systems, including the Sensus FlexNet network. Utilities can link these products to an AMR /AMI system, supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) system (OMNI meters only) or other types of distribution monitoring systems. A key advantage of OMNI and iperl technologies is that they have little effect on water pressure, because there is little resistance in the flow tube. For example: At 1000 gallons per minute (gpm), the head loss for a traditional turbine commercial/industrial water meter can range from 12 to 17 psi, compared to 6.4 psi for a 4 OMNI F2 meter. For a 4 OMNI T2 meter, even with a strainer in place, pressure loss is negligible for flows up to 1000 gpm, then only 4 psi at 1500 gpm and approximately 8 psi at 2000 gpm. For residential metering at 20 gpm, the head loss for a traditional PD meter is just over 5 psi; it is less than 3 psi for an iperl system. By reducing pressure loss 40 to 50 percent relative to traditional meters, utilities spend less to achieve acceptable water pressure at customer premises. For systems with elevated storage tanks/towers, reduced pressure loss at the meter makes it possible to sustain customers water pressure with far less water in storage. For pumped systems, less resistance at the meter level simply means less energy required to push water through the system. Reduce water loss, wasted energy and repair costs through superior leak detection and by getting early notification of trouble conditions. Intelligence in the meter enables utilities to be proactive instead of reactive. With remote notification of leaks, tampering, out-ofthreshold operating conditions, low battery and more, utilities can: Alert customers to an issue before the customer is aware of it or before any damage occurs. Quickly identify, troubleshoot and resolve field issues. Globally, water is a precious commodity, to be used and conserved wisely. Leaks in the water distribution system or at customer sites represent not only lost water, but wasted energy to pump it for no purpose. Traditional turbine and PD meters the most common meter types in commercial and residential applications, respectively do not do a very good job detecting and measuring ultra-low flows. Even if they are equipped for ongoing AMI communications, they could miss the very low flow levels that signal an insidious leak. In contrast, new Sensus meters are extra sensitive to low flows and are therefore more reliable for detecting and reporting leaks. Leak detection with Sensus OMNI meters. Because even the slightest amount of water will cause the lightweight impeller to move, Floating Ball Technology meters can measure flows significantly lower than the lowest flow captured by traditional turbine meters. For example, a 2 OMNI T2 commercial/ industrial meter can easily measure flows as low as 1.5 gallons per minute. Leak detection in Sensus iperl systems. Compared to traditional PD meters, Sensus iperl can measure accurately to a 20 percent lower flow rate, as little as 0.03 gpm. If the flow doesn t stop over a configurable time period, the system assumes it to be a leak and reports it as such. The OMNI features an all-electric register that enables a utility to program detailed settings for recording data that can be used for more intelligent planning. In addition to low-battery alarms, the OMNI can record 31 days of flow history. The iperl offers a sophisticated suite of 14 alarms, some of which are unique to iperls that are communicating via Sensus FlexNet AMI system. Application alarms can detect reverse flow, tampering, empty pipes and leaks, battery life and AMI connectivity allows utilities to be informed of these events in real time for faster resolution and improved customer service. Additional condition monitoring alarms gather data that can be analyzed to detect premature failures and if there is an incident likely to impact the meter s accuracy, preserving revenue. Figure 7. Pressure loss in representative OMNI meters and iperl systems 5
6 SUMMARY OF BUSINESS BENEFITS Water meters, largely unchanged for decades, have historically been viewed as just a utilitarian component in the water delivery system. Now, new flow measurement technologies offered the opportunity for meters to deliver real business benefits cost savings and new revenues as well as competitive differentiation. For water utilities, Floating Ball Technology and Remanent Field Technology: Drive additional revenue by measuring at flow rates percent lower than current products on the market can measure Sustain high accuracy over their operating ranges and throughout the life of the meter, due to designs that reduce or eliminate friction and wear Reduce the energy costs associated with pumping, due to reduced pressure loss at the meter Streamline and reduce the costs of installation, operation and maintenance For utility customers, these new meter and AMI technologies: Improve water system performance and reliability, thanks to early notification to the utility of trouble conditions such as leaks, often before the customer has even realized a problem exists Enable more equitable and flexible billing options, due to higher meter accuracy, continuous measurement and compatibility with AMR/AMI systems for on-demand data ABOUT SENSUS Sensus is a leading utility infrastructure company offering smart meters, communication systems, software and services for the electric, gas, and water industries. Sensus technology helps utilities drive operational efficiency and customer engagement with applications that include advanced meter reading, data acquisition, demand response, distribution automation, home area networking and outdoor lighting control. Customers worldwide trust the innovation, quality and reliability of Sensus solutions for the intelligent use and conservation of energy and water. Learn more at To follow Twitter updates from Sensus, please visit For more information, visit us at sensus.com Six Forks Road, Suite 700 Raleigh, NC
WATER METER CALIBRATION, REPAIR, AND REPLACEMENT PROGRAM
WATER METER CALIBRATION, REPAIR, AND REPLACEMENT PROGRAM EPD Guidance Document AUGUST 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1: OVERVIEW OF WATER METERING 3 SUMMARY 3 NECESSITY OF METERS 3 TYPES OF WATER METERS 4
More informationLiquid Flowmeters A Guide for Selecting a Flowmeter for Pressurized Systems
Liquid Flowmeters A Guide for Selecting a Flowmeter for Pressurized Systems Selecting a meter requires a first-rate technical assessment of the pressurized system and a thorough evaluation of the capabilities
More informationRemote Pressure Monitoring System* Reduce water main breaks and customer complaints
Remote Pressure Monitoring System* Reduce water main breaks and customer complaints *Patent pending Remote Pressure Monitoring System Intelligent Water Technology About The System Several years ago, Mueller
More informationNetwork Communications System. Redefining Intelligent Utility Communications
Network Communications System Redefining Intelligent Utility Communications Technology that takes you from today to tomorrow. FlexNet Technology you can trust FlexNet is a robust, high-powered solution
More informationOther Innovative Mueller Products
Our Products Mueller has built its reputation on producing innovative water distribution products of superior quality a reputation that is literally on the line every day throughout the world. Mueller
More informationAMI and DA Convergence: Enabling Energy Savings through Voltage Conservation
AMI and DA Convergence: Enabling Energy Savings through Voltage Conservation September 2010 Prepared for: By Sierra Energy Group The Research & Analysis Division of Energy Central Table of Contents Executive
More informationInnovative Solutions in the Water Industry: Leak Detection
Maureen Duffy 856-309-4546 maureen.duffy@amwater.com Innovative Solutions in the Water Industry: Leak Detection Introduction Meeting current water demand and supplying water for future generations is a
More informationORANGE WATER AND SEWER AUTHORITY
ORANGE WATER AND SEWER AUTHORITY A public, non-profit agency providing water, sewer and reclaimed water services to the Carrboro-Chapel Hill community. MEMORANDUM TO: THROUGH: FROM: Natural Resources and
More informationChoosing Between Electromechanical and Fluid Power Linear Actuators in Industrial Systems Design
Choosing Between Electromechanical and Fluid Power Linear Actuators in Industrial Systems Design James Marek, Business Unit Director, Thomson Systems Thomson Industries, Inc. 540-633-3549 www.thomsonlinear.com
More information1 WATERFLUX - Comparisonon COO 2010-08-17. Rectangular Magmeter in water applications
1 WATERFLUX - Comparisonon COO 2010-08-17 Rectangular Magmeter in water applications Jef Neven KROHNE WATERMETERS $3000 EMF Price C&I (mechanical) water meters Residential water meters $30 Water Metering
More information& benefits. Indian context +919799394943
Smart Metering Concern, Challenges, & benefits. Indian context Vivek Pathak Pthk +919799394943 Indian Context Utility Concern Growing Normal energy demand The demand is likely to grow at a pace more than
More informationThe Versatile Differential Pressure Transmitter. By David Gunn Honeywell Process Solutions
The Versatile Differential Pressure Transmitter By David Gunn Honeywell Process Solutions The Versatile Differential Pressure Transmitter 2 Table of Contents Abstract... 3 Pressure Fundamentals... 3 Applications...
More informationAKRON EDUCTORS TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE OPERATION & THEORY OF EDUCTORS GENERAL OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
AKRON EDUCTORS TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE OPERATION & THEORY OF EDUCTORS GENERAL OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Products Include: 60 gpm eductors Style 3060, 3061, 3062 & 3070 95 gpm eductors Style
More informationFlow Measurement Options for Pipeline and Open Channel Flow
Flow Measurement Options for Pipeline and Open Channel Flow October 2013 Presented by Molly Skorpik - 2013 Montana Association of Dam and Canal Systems Conference Irrigation Training and Research Center
More informationUltrasound Condition Monitoring
Ultrasound Condition Monitoring Whitepaper Alan Bandes UE Systems, Inc. Abstract: Instruments based on airborne/structure borne ultrasound technology offer many opportunities for reducing energy waste
More informationImprove Your Energy Data Infrastructure:
Electric Gas Water Information collection, analysis, and application 2818 North Sullivan Road, Spokane, WA 99216 509.924.9900 Tel 509.891.3355 Fax www.itron.com Improve Your Energy Data Infrastructure:
More informationLaminar and Turbulent flow. Flow Sensors. Reynolds Number. Thermal flow Sensor. Flow and Flow rate. R = Mass Flow controllers
Flow and Flow rate. Laminar and Turbulent flow Laminar flow: smooth, orderly and regular Mechanical sensors have inertia, which can integrate out small variations due to turbulence Turbulent flow: chaotic
More informationPump Maintenance - Repair
Pump Maintenance - Repair Brian Trombly Mo Droppers Cummins Bridgeway, Gaylord, Mi The basic centrifugal pump consists of two main elements: 1. The rotating element which includes an impeller and a shaft.
More informationMETERS Data Collection CONTROL. Dialog3G. AMR/AMI Solutions
METERS Data Collection CONTROL Dialog3G AMR/AMI Solutions The Arad Group of affiliated companies and independent distributors around the world offers its customers a fully integrated source for a complete
More informationWhy Smart Water Networks Boost Efficiency
Why Smart Water Networks Boost Efficiency by Jeff M. Miller and Mark Leinmiller Executive summary The Smart Water Network (SWAN) is the water utility industry s equivalent to the energy industry s Smart
More informationMaterial taken from Fluid Power Circuits and Controls, John S. Cundiff, 2001
Pressure Control Chapter 3 Material taken from Fluid Power Circuits and Controls, John S. Cundiff, 2001 Introduction Pressure control is a key element in the design of any circuit. Used correctly, it can
More informationEnergy, Oil and Gas WHAT COULD YOU DO WITH WIRELESS? Fleet Productivity and Management
BUSINESS S FOR Energy, Oil and Gas 4G LTE: THE NEXT- GENERATION VERIZON WIRELESS NETWORK FOR ENERGY, OIL AND GAS A wireless revolution is underway that promises to transform how your business operates.
More informationFIXED DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC VANE PUMPS BQ SERIES
BQ FIXED DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC VANE PUMPS BQ SERIES Versatility, power, compactness and low running costs are the main characteristics of B&C vane pumps. All the components subject to wear are contained
More informationFIXED DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC VANE PUMPS BQ SERIES
BQ FIXED DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC VANE PUMPS BQ SERIES Versatility, power, compactness and low running costs are the main characteristics of B&C vane pumps. All the components subject to wear are contained
More informationMOBILE FIRE - RESCUE DEPARTMENT FIRE CODE ADMINISTRATION
MOBILE FIRE - RESCUE DEPARTMENT FIRE CODE ADMINISTRATION Fire Pump Plan Review 2009 International Fire Code and NFPA 20 Date of Review / / BLD201 - Project Address: Project Name: Contractor s Business
More informationFIXED DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC VANE PUMPS BQ SERIES
BQ FIXED DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC VANE PUMPS BQ SERIES Versatility, power, compactness and low running costs are the main characteristics of B&C vane pumps. All the components subject to wear are contained
More informationThe Do s and Don ts of Pressure Transducers
The Do s and Don ts of Pressure Transducers ABSTRACT When specifying a pressure transducer for a process measurement, a number of items have to be considered. Some of the more important ones are discussed
More informationENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND THEIR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND THEIR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Many mechanical energy systems are devoted to transfer of energy between two points: the source or prime mover (input) and the load (output). For chemical
More informationA descriptive definition of valve actuators
A descriptive definition of valve actuators Abstract A valve actuator is any device that utilizes a source of power to operate a valve. This source of power can be a human being working a manual gearbox
More informationPIPELINE INSPECTION UTILIZING ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGY: ON THE ISSUE OF RESOLUTION By, M. Beller, NDT Systems & Services AG, Stutensee, Germany
ABSTRACT: PIPELINE INSPECTION UTILIZING ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGY: ON THE ISSUE OF RESOLUTION By, M. Beller, NDT Systems & Services AG, Stutensee, Germany Today, in-line inspection tools are used routinely
More informationLead & Magnet Wire Connection Methods Using the Tin Fusing Method Joyal A Division of AWE, Inc.
Lead & Magnet Wire Connection Methods Using the Tin Fusing Method Joyal A Division of AWE, Inc. Abstract The technology for connecting lead and magnet wires for electric motors and electro mechanical devices
More informationEnergy and Flow Measurement for Hydronic Systems
Energy and Flow Measurement for Hydronic Systems Presented By: George Szyszko Applications Consultant MCR for ONICON Incorporated Why Measure Thermal Energy? To control something, you must first measure
More informationInductance. Motors. Generators
Inductance Motors Generators Self-inductance Self-inductance occurs when the changing flux through a circuit arises from the circuit itself. As the current increases, the magnetic flux through a loop due
More informationFundamental Principles of Rotary Displacement Meters
Meters Frederick C. Schwarz Badger / Instromet, LLC. 3731 Briar Park Suite. 100 Houston, TX 77042 Introduction All rotary piston meters, commonly known as rotary meters, utilize the fundamental 1846 lobed
More informationVEHICLE SERVICE DISPENSING SYSTEMS
VEHICLE SERVICE DISPENSING SYSTEMS Lincoln s LFC Family of Fluid Inventory Control and Management Systems Finally a complete offering of systems to meet the varying needs of vehicle service centers! Each
More informationUNIT II Robots Drive Systems and End Effectors Part-A Questions
UNIT II Robots Drive Systems and End Effectors Part-A Questions 1. Define End effector. End effector is a device that is attached to the end of the wrist arm to perform specific task. 2. Give some examples
More informationFAIRBANKS NIJHUIS FIRE PUMPS. www.fairbanksnijhuis.com
FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS FIRE PUMPS www.fairbanksnijhuis.com FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS Long established as a leading fire pump manufacturer, Fairbanks Nijhuis offers a broad range of horizontal and vertical split case,
More informationIntroduction. The following is an outline of the contents of this paper: Definition of Artificial Lift Page 2. How an Oil Well is Produced Page 2
Introduction Canadian Oilwell Systems Company and it s subsidiaries are suppliers of oil well Electric Submersible Pumping systems (ESPs). Such pumps are used to lift oil from oil wells so that the oil
More informationEC 350 Simplifies Billing Data Integration in PowerSpring Software
White Paper EC 350 Simplifies Billing Data Integration in PowerSpring Software Executive Summary In the current energy environment, gas-metering data must be collected more frequently and in smaller increments
More informationHydraulic Hybrids from Rexroth: Hydrostatic Regenerative Braking System HRB
Electric Drives and Controls Hydraulics Linear Motion and Assembly Technologies Pneumatics Service Hydraulic Hybrids from Rexroth: Hydrostatic Regenerative Braking System HRB Recover Energy Reduce Emissions
More informationFire Pump Plan Review March 2010
Fire Pump Plan Review March 2010 Date of Review: / / Permit Number: Business/Building Name: Address of Project: Designer Name: Designer s Phone: Contractor: Contractor s Phone: Occupancy Classification:
More informationDomestic Hot Water Systems and Plumbing Products
Domestic Hot Systems and Plumbing Products Taco Catalog #100-117 Effective Date: 09/02/15 Supersedes: 06/22/15 Printed in USA Domestic Hot Recirculation Taco Domestic Hot Plumbing Products Since 1920 Taco
More informationOptimizing Sortation Throughput in High Volume Distribution Centers
Optimizing Sortation Throughput in High Volume Distribution Centers From the pre merge through sortation, the FlexSort integrated sortation sub systemrecently released by Dematic is redefining efficiency
More informationLab 8: DC generators: shunt, series, and compounded.
Lab 8: DC generators: shunt, series, and compounded. Objective: to study the properties of DC generators under no-load and full-load conditions; to learn how to connect these generators; to obtain their
More informationEnergy Savings through Electric-assist Turbocharger for Marine Diesel Engines
36 Energy Savings through Electric-assist Turbocharger for Marine Diesel Engines KEIICHI SHIRAISHI *1 YOSHIHISA ONO *2 YUKIO YAMASHITA *3 MUSASHI SAKAMOTO *3 The extremely slow steaming of ships has become
More informationSchneider Electric s Advanced Water Leakage Detection
Schneider Electric s Advanced Water Leakage Detection February 2010 / White paper by Ivan Nazzaretto, Schneider Electric solutions manager - water utilities Make the most of your energy SM Summary Executive
More informationAir Eliminators and Combination Air Eliminators Strainers
Description Air Eliminators and Combination Air Eliminator Strainers are designed to provide separation, elimination and prevention of air in piping systems for a variety of installations and conditions.
More informationElectric Coolant Pumps. Always at the Correct Temperature
Electric Coolant Pumps Always at the Correct Temperature Electric coolant pumps Conventional pumps for engine cooling are driven by toothed belts and hence their output is coupled to engine RPM. Coolant
More informationPneumatic Proportional Valve Selection Made Simple
Pneumatic Proportional Valve Selection Made Simple by Tom Voth Product Marketing Manager for Proportional Products A White Paper From Numatics, Inc. Introduction Proportional valves which change outputs
More informationNaperville Smart Grid Initiative
Naperville Smart Grid Initiative Business Case Fundamentals Updated on 9/7/2010 Summary The NGSI program delivers an excellent ROI by increasing network reliability, operational efficiencies, reducing
More informationFrequently Asked Questions for TFT Remote Controlled Monitors. First Rev 4/6/2005 SGMc Second Rev 5/7/2005 Third Rev 11/15/2005
Frequently Asked Questions for TFT Remote Controlled Monitors. First Rev 4/6/2005 SGMc Second Rev 5/7/2005 Third Rev 11/15/2005 1. What was the primary spark that started the fire under TFT to make remote
More informationELECTRIC/DIESEL FIRE PUMP CHECK LIST
BUILDING NAME: DESIGNER: SCO REPRESENTATIVE: PUMP MANUF.: LOCATION: INSTALLER: DATE: OWNER NAME: INSTALLATION Certificate for flushing and hydrostatic test furnished Piping been hydrostatically tested
More informationHVAC System Optimization
UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CARRIER CORPORATION HVAC System Optimization MAXIMIZING PERFORMANCE, ENERGY SAVINGS & COMFORT Revitalize Your Building s System Sometime between the initial purchase and the need to
More informationApplying Pressure Independent Control Valves in H.V.A.C. Systems. A Presentation to: Orange Empire ASHRAE Santa Ana Nov. 17, 2009
Applying Pressure Independent Control Valves in H.V.A.C. Systems A Presentation to: Orange Empire ASHRAE Santa Ana Nov. 17, 2009 1 Introduction I know, as building design consultants, so much of your effort
More informationSITRANS F M MAG 8000 Precise Metering with battery powered water meters. sitrans f
SITRANS F M MAG 8000 Precise Metering with battery powered water meters sitrans f s Compact and remote installation made simple Easy to install Simply bolt into place before operation Minimized inlet and
More informationApplication and Design of the ebooster from BorgWarner
Application and Design of the ebooster from BorgWarner Knowledge Library Knowledge Library Application and Design of the ebooster from BorgWarner With an electrically assisted compressor, the ebooster,
More informationUltrasonic Gas Meters for Industrial and Commercial Applications. Ohio Gas Association Technical Seminar March 27-28,2014
Ultrasonic Gas Meters for Industrial and Commercial Applications Ohio Gas Association Technical Seminar March 27-28,2014 Objectives Technology Operation Benefits Applications Approvals and Standards Products
More informationFrequently Asked Questions about AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) Meters
Frequently Asked Questions about AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) Meters Nueces Electric Cooperative is investing in new AMI metering systems to improve the efficiency and reliability of our electric
More informationIFC 070 Technical Datasheet
IFC 070 Technical Datasheet Electromagnetic signal converter Battery driven with low energy consumption Quick and easy to install and operate External data logger and GSM module for remote data transfer
More informationIT SERVICE MANAGEMENT: HOW THE SAAS APPROACH DELIVERS MORE VALUE
1 IT Service Management: How the SaaS Approach Delivers More Value IT SERVICE MANAGEMENT: HOW THE SAAS APPROACH DELIVERS MORE VALUE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Today s companies are very reliant on their technology
More informationENZO UNIFIED SOLVES THE CHALLENGES OF REAL-TIME DATA INTEGRATION
ENZO UNIFIED SOLVES THE CHALLENGES OF REAL-TIME DATA INTEGRATION Enzo Unified Solves Real-Time Data Integration Challenges that Increase Business Agility and Reduce Operational Complexities CHALLENGES
More informationF ox W hi t e Paper. Reduce Energy Costs and Enhance Emissions Monitoring Systems
F ox W hi t e Paper Reduce Energy Costs and Enhance Emissions Monitoring Systems A Technical White Paper from Fox Thermal Instruments Rich Cada, VP Sales & Marketing, Fox Thermal Instruments, Inc. 399
More informationTOPIC: 191004 KNOWLEDGE: K1.01 [3.3/3.5] Which one of the following contains indications of cavitation in an operating centrifugal pump?
KNOWLEDGE: K1.01 [3.3/3.5] P21 Which one of the following contains indications of cavitation in an operating centrifugal pump? A. Low flow rate with low discharge pressure. B. Low flow rate with high discharge
More informationExample. Fluid Power. Circuits
Example Fluid Power Circuits To Enhance Symbol Reading Skills To Work On Circuit Reading Skills With Answers HI LO Pump Circuit 18 A1 B1 17 16 15 13 Set 14 2,000 PSI PG2 Set 500 PSI 12 11 7 8 10 PG1 9
More informationLECTURE 28 to 29 ACCUMULATORS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
LECTURE 28 to 29 ACCUMULATORS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1. Define an accumulator and explain its function A hydraulic accumulator is a device that stores the potential energy of an incompressible fluid
More informationBasics electronic speed Governor
Basics electronic speed Governor 1 MAN B&W Diesel Aktiengesellschaft, Augsburg Why do we need Governors? Power sources must be controlled to be converted to useful work. Uncontrolled prime movers, not
More informationBringing it all together
Bringing it all together IMO ab Bringing it all together 1 IMO AB, a Colfax Business Unit, is the leading manufacturer of rotary positive displacement three-screw pumps. Headquartered in Stockholm, and
More informationAn Oracle White Paper May 2009. Smart Grid Basics. Turning Information into Power
An Oracle White Paper May 2009 Smart Grid Basics Turning Information into Power Introduction The Smart Grid is a vision of a better electricity delivery infrastructure. Smart Grid implementations dramatically
More informationOperations & Maintenance 101 Maintenance Strategies and Work Practices to Reduce Costs
2003 Emerson Process Management. All rights reserved. View this and other courses online at www.plantwebuniversity.com. Operations & Maintenance 101 Maintenance Strategies and Work Practices to Reduce
More informationSensors Collecting Manufacturing Process Data
Sensors & Actuators Sensors Collecting Manufacturing Process Data Data must be collected from the manufacturing process Data (commands and instructions) must be communicated to the process Data are of
More informationMichael Montgomery Marketing Product Manager Rosemount Inc. Russ Evans Manager of Engineering and Design Rosemount Inc.
ASGMT / Averaging Pitot Tube Flow Measurement Michael Montgomery Marketing Product Manager Rosemount Inc. Russ Evans Manager of Engineering and Design Rosemount Inc. Averaging Pitot Tube Meters Introduction
More informationVarious Technics of Liquids and Solids Level Measurements. (Part 3)
(Part 3) In part one of this series of articles, level measurement using a floating system was discusses and the instruments were recommended for each application. In the second part of these articles,
More informationOptimising your water management
Optimising your water management A single radio architecture for your network providing a multitude of solutions and services The solutions provided by Homerider Systems rely on its fixed wireless network
More informationJunifer Utility CIS. Flexibility. Scalability. Cost Effectiveness
Junifer Utility CIS The volumes associated with Smart Meter rollout can be overwhelming. For instance in just the first two hours of operation, a Smart Meter implementation will generate the same amount
More informationItron White Paper. Itron Enterprise Edition. Meter Data Management. Connects AMI to the Enterprise: Bridging the Gap Between AMI and CIS
Itron White Paper Meter Data Management Itron Enterprise Edition Meter Data Management Connects AMI to the Enterprise: Bridging the Gap Between AMI and CIS Wendy Lohkamp Director, Meter Data Management
More informationOracle Utilities Customer Care and Billing
Customer Care and Billing Utilities are faced with a rapidly changing industry and increasing expectations from their customers. Adapting to these factors with existing customer information systems likely
More informationAre these noise cancelling devices needed to make your chiller quiet??
Are these noise cancelling devices needed to make your chiller quiet?? Not on this chiller! Some sound barriers should never be broken. Government authorities recommend that exposure to loud noise over
More informationNew BGP Performa Service for Advanced Software
2014 Honeywell Users Group Americas New BGP Performa Service for Advanced Software Gary Jubien: Americas AS Aftermarket Services Leader 1 Advanced Software Solutions Portfolio 2 Document Software control
More informationSIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM
SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM SECTION E101 GENERAL E101.1 Scope. E101.1.1 This appendix outlines two procedures for sizing a water piping system (see Sections E103.3 and E201.1). The design procedures
More informationan EnPro Industries company
QGV an EnPro Industries company QUINCY QGV SERIES ROTARY SCREW AIR COMPRESSORS 50 200 HP QUINCY QGV 50-200 Model QGV-50 QGV-75 QGV-100 QGV-150 QGV-200 Motor (hp) 50 75 100 150 200 Air Delivery (acfm) 100
More informationA Practical Overview of Level Measurement Technologies
A Practical Overview of Level Measurement Technologies Martin Bahner Director of Marketing Drexelbrook Engineering Co. 205 Keith Valley Rd. Horsham, PA 19044 Abstract: There are multiple technologies available
More informationAutomated IT Asset Management Maximize organizational value using BMC Track-It! WHITE PAPER
Automated IT Asset Management Maximize organizational value using BMC Track-It! WHITE PAPER CONTENTS ADAPTING TO THE CONSTANTLY CHANGING ENVIRONMENT....................... 1 THE FOUR KEY BENEFITS OF AUTOMATION..................................
More informationSCADA Systems Automate Electrical Distribution
SCADA Systems Automate Electrical Distribution PC-based supervisory control and data acquisition systems increase uptime, cut costs and improve utilization. A White Paper from InduSoft Fabio Terezinho
More informationCHAPTER 5 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM DESIGN
CHAPTER 5 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM DESIGN 5.1 Introduction So far in the development of this research, the focus has been to estimate the available insolation at a particular location on the earth s surface
More informationApproval Standard for Water Motor Gong
Approval Standard for Water Motor Gong Class Number 1055 July 1970 2002 FM Approvals LLC. All rights reserved. Foreword The FM Approvals certification mark is intended to verify that the products and services
More informationCOUNTERBALANCE VALVES
COUNTERBALANCE VALVES Introduction They are modulating valves which allow free flow into the actuator and then block the reverse flow until they feel a pilot pressure inversely proportional to the load
More informationcase study Metro St. Louis Predictive Monitoring Summary Introductory Overview ORGANIZATION: PROJECT NAME:
The Computerworld Honors Program St. Louis, Missouri, United States Summary is pioneering public transit fleet maintenance through the use of Predictive Monitoring, a system of sensors, statistical analysis
More informationEmpowering intelligent utility networks with visibility and control
IBM Software Energy and Utilities Thought Leadership White Paper Empowering intelligent utility networks with visibility and control IBM Intelligent Metering Network Management software solution 2 Empowering
More informationPump ED 101. Positive Displacement Pumps. Part I Reciprocating Pumps
Pump ED 101 Positive Displacement Pumps Part I Reciprocating Pumps Joe Evans, Ph.D http://www.pumped101.com There are many pump designs that fall into the positive displacement category but, for the most
More informationMASTER CYLINDER. Section 2. Master Cylinder. Tandem Master Cylinder. Master Cylinder
MASTER CYLINDER Master Cylinder The master cylinder converts the motion of the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure. It consists of the reservoir tank, which contains the brake fluid; and the piston and
More informationPATTERN MATCHING OF LIVE DATA TO IMPLEMENT PROACTIVE NETWORK MANAGEMENT
PATTERN MATCHING OF LIVE DATA TO IMPLEMENT PROACTIVE NETWORK MANAGEMENT Eur Ing Steve Mustard, Product Manager, LogicaCMG Dr Mark Thornton, Solutions Director, Helveta Abstract Supervisory Control And
More informationWATER VALVE OWNER S MANUAL 004-027-8742-00 REV051811
WATER VALVE OWNER S MANUAL 004-027-8742-00 REV051811 295 East Corporate Place Suite 100 Chandler, AZ 85225 Toll Free: 1.800.621.5886 Phone: 480.893.7607 Fax: 480.753.3397 Paramount@1Paramount.com www.1paramount.com
More informationFlow Measurement. Larry Schwankl. Irriga0on Specialist, UC Coopera0ve Extension 559-646- 6569 schwankl@uckac.edu hep://ucanr.
Flow Measurement Larry Schwankl Irriga0on Specialist, UC Coopera0ve Extension 559-646- 6569 schwankl@uckac.edu hep://ucanr.org/schwankl Flow Measurement - Background Flow in a pipe: Flow Measurement -
More informationBRASH Air-Steam Hybrid Technology for Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
H C E R BRASH Air-Steam Hybrid Technology for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) A Solution for Home Heating and Electrical Generation BACKGROUND: Only one third of the energy consumed for electrical power
More informationNovel AMR technologies and Remote Monitoring
Novel AMR technologies and Remote Monitoring Marios Milis, SignalGeneriX Ltd marios.milis@signalgenerix.com 1 AMR Overview AMR is the technology of automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic, and
More informationChapter 10. Flow Rate. Flow Rate. Flow Measurements. The velocity of the flow is described at any
Chapter 10 Flow Measurements Material from Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements; Figliola, Third Edition Flow Rate Flow rate can be expressed in terms of volume flow rate (volume/time) or mass
More informationFACOGAZ Association of European Gas Meter Manufacturers
Page 1 of 13 GAS SMART METERING SYSTEM DRAFT MARCOGAZ/FACOGAZ POSITION PAPER FINAL 1. Introduction Marcogaz Members representing more than 100 million installed domestic gas meter in Europe owned by Distribution
More informationBy Steven C. Severini, P.E., Member ASHRAE
The following article was published in ASHRAE Journal, July 2004. Copyright 2004 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers, Inc. It is presented for educational purposes
More informationCITY OF TORONTO WATER LOSS STUDY & PRESSURE MANAGEMENT PILOT
CITY OF TORONTO WATER LOSS STUDY & PRESSURE MANAGEMENT PILOT Alain M. Lalonde, P.Eng. Principal, Veritec Consulting Inc.* Candice Au, P.Eng. Engineer, Toronto Water, City of Toronto Paul Fanner, C.Eng.
More information