Performance of carbon brushes at higher temperature
|
|
- Mae Washington
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Performance of carbon brushes at higher temperature Modern electrical drives are design according to insulation call H. Amongst others this means for he carbon brush sliding contact, that commutator- and slip ring temperature will ihave a distinct increase. Therefore there will also be a distinctive influence on the total brush performance. As an overview about the performance of the three materials electro graphite, metal graphite and resin bonded graphite you find below some graphs. The main elements of the surface film the so called patina - on a copper commutator are: copper oxides CuO und Cu 2 O, carbon of the carbon brush, impurities from the environment, a thin water layer. The copper oxides give the patina semiconductor like properties. Compared with the ideal collector temperature of 60 to 90 C ( F) the electric resistance of the patina will be decreased at higher temperature. But water molecules, an important part of satisfactory carbon brush performance, will desorb from the surface. The friction between carbon brush and counter material will increase and an increase of the brush wear can be observed (Fig. 1-3 ). This effect is enforced by an intensified oxidation of the surface and a thereby increased surface roughness. Index: 1 Seite: 1 von: 5
2 Metal Graphite 1 9,00 8,00 C Fig1: Brush wear as a function of temperature metal graphite brush grade Electro Graphite C Fig 2. Brush wear as a function of temperature electro graphite brush grade Index: 1 Seite: 2 von: 5
3 Resin bonded graphite C Fig 3. Brush wear as a function of temperature resin bonded graphite brush grade Concerning the friction coefficient there is no uniform trend for the three materials. Dependent ob the carbon brush grade a temperature rise can cause a decrease or an increase of the friction coefficient as well. This is shown in fig 4. Metallgrafit graphite 0,45 0,4 0,35 0,3 Reibwert 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 0, Temperatur C Fig 4: Friction coefficient as a function of temperature Index: 1 Seite: 3 von: 5
4 The behaviour of electro graphite grades on steel as counter material is specific. In this case the friction coefficient rises with the temperature. This may cause heavy brush vibrations, e.g. on rings of turbo generators. Hence the upper limit of 90 C surface temperature should be kept if electro graphite grades are used on steel slip rings. In conjunction with the voltage drop there is a universal trend for all three materials that an increase of the surface temperature is associated with a decrease of the voltage drop (Fig 5). Voltage drop 4,5 4 3,5 Voltage drop V 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 0 C resin bonded graphte electro grahite metal graphite Fig 5 Voltage drop a as function of temperature This is mainly determined by the fact that the electrical resistance of the patina decreases with rising temperarture. Index: 1 Seite: 4 von: 5
5 It s easy to be recognised that a temperature rise causes a distinct change of the parameters of a brush sliding contact. The change of the contact behaviour influences also the commutation performance. Brush grades used at standard temperature might not be optimal anymore at high temperature, but other grades can show better performance. The performance can be adjusted with special after treatments. It s always advisable to find the optimal brush grade by means of brush trials in the lab. Compact The optimal surface temperature for brush sliding contacts is C ( F) Higher temperature cause higher brush wear No uniform temperature effect on friction coefficient Voltage drop declines with temperature Adaption of carbon brushes to the operational conditions with after treatments Index: 1 Seite: 5 von: 5
Surface roughness. Picture 1: Friction coefficient as a function of surface roughness Curve 1: Roughness R z 0,5µm Curve 2: Roughness R z 5 µ
Surface roughness It is often erroneously thought that the surface of commutators or slip rings should be brilliant and polished to ensure an optimal performance of carbon brushes. Quite the reverse! Apart
More informationShaft grounding. Carbon brushes for shaft grounding are used in turbo-generators, in distinct AC- and DC motors and as a special application in Ships.
"Modern AC-Motors don't need carbon brushes and are maintenance free " Until some years ago this thrilling statement could be heard from motor OEM's. Nowadays SCHUNK supplies carbon brushes and brush holders
More informationThe Effect. Spring Pressure. Carbon Brush Wear Rate
The Effect of Spring Pressure on Carbon Brush Wear Rate Jeff D. Koenitzer, P.E. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Preface 2008 For decades there was extensive testing of countless different carbon brush contact
More informationBRUSHHOLDERS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF CARBON BRUSHES
Tech Note No. 22 TECH NOTE NO. 22 Brushholders and the Performance of Carbon Brushes Reliable Solutions Today! EA SA ELECTRICAL SERVICE APPARATUS ASSOCIATION BRUSHHOLDERS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF CARBON
More informationCARBON SLIDING CONTACTS for main line, suburban and urban transit systems
ISO 9001 CARBON SLIDING CONTACTS for main line, suburban and urban transit systems As a pantograph strip, a collecting shoe or an insert, carbon materials are always an economic and high performance answer
More informationDIRECT CURRENT GENERATORS
DIRECT CURRENT GENERATORS Revision 12:50 14 Nov 05 INTRODUCTION A generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by using the principle of magnetic induction. This principle
More information.OR.AT.ATTORNEY.AUCTION.BARGAINS.BAYERN.BERLIN.BLACKFRIDAY.BOUTIQUE.BRUSSELS.BUILDERS
.AC.BIO.RESTAURANT.APARTMENTS.CASINO.SCHOOL.KIM.ACADEMY.ACCOUNTANTS.ACTOR.ADULT.AE.AERO.AG.AGENCY.AIRFORCE.ARCHI.ARMY.ASIA.ASSOCIATES.AT.CO.AT.OR.AT.ATTORNEY.AUCTION.AUDIO.BAND.BANK.BAR.BARGAINS.BAYERN.BE.BEER.BERLIN.BID.BIKE.BINGO.BIZ.BLACK.BLACKFRIDAY.BLUE.BOUTIQUE.BRUSSELS.BUILDERS.BUSINESS.BZ.CO.BZ.COM.BZ.ORG.BZ.CAB.CAFE.CAMERA.CAMP.CAPITAL.CARDS.CARE.CAREERS.CASA.CASH.CATERING.CC.CENTER.CH.CHAT.CHEAP.CHRISTMAS
More informationDC MOTOR ANALYSIS & TROUBLESHOOTING
DC MOTOR ANALYSIS & TROUBLESHOOTING By Don Shaw Condition assessment of DC motors requires a basic understanding of the design and operating characteristics of the various types available: the series motor,
More informationNumerical Analysis of Independent Wire Strand Core (IWSC) Wire Rope
Numerical Analysis of Independent Wire Strand Core (IWSC) Wire Rope Rakesh Sidharthan 1 Gnanavel B K 2 Assistant professor Mechanical, Department Professor, Mechanical Department, Gojan engineering college,
More informationENERGY CONVENTIONAL THERMAL POWER ELECTRICAL, MECHANICAL & SEALING SOLUTIONS
ENERGY CONVENTIONAL THERMAL POWER ELECTRICAL, MECHANICAL & SEALING SOLUTIONS MERSEN A world leader committed to Energy A world leading supplier of mechanical, sealing, power and signal transfer solutions,
More informationThe DC Motor/Generator Commutation Mystery. Commutation and Brushes. DC Machine Basics
The DC Motor/Generator Commutation Mystery One small, yet vital piece of the DC electric motor puzzle is the carbon brush. Using the correct carbon brush is a key component for outstanding motor life,
More informationENERGY HYDRO POWER SOLUTIONS FOR ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFER ELECTRICAL PROTECTION SEALING
ENERGY HYDRO POWER SOLUTIONS FOR ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFER ELECTRICAL PROTECTION SEALING MERSEN A world leader committed to Renewable Energies A world leading supplier of electrical protection, sealing,
More informationBasic Properties and Application Examples of PGS Graphite Sheet
Basic Properties and Application Examples of 1. Basic properties of Graphite sheet 2. Functions of Graphite sheet 3. Application Examples Presentation [Sales Liaison] Panasonic Electronic Devices Co.,
More informationTECHNICAL DATA SHEET DURO HARD CHROME PLATING PROCESS
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET Duro hard chrome plating process is a high-speed bath which employs a special mixed soluble catalyst and has been developed to meet the modern hard chrome plating requirements. Its
More informationDC GENERATOR THEORY. LIST the three conditions necessary to induce a voltage into a conductor.
DC Generators DC generators are widely used to produce a DC voltage. The amount of voltage produced depends on a variety of factors. EO 1.5 LIST the three conditions necessary to induce a voltage into
More informationManufacturing Process and Material Properties of Carbon and Graphite Materials. Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik
Manufacturing Process and Material Properties of Carbon and Graphite Materials Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Carbon and graphite materials are manufactured according to processes based on conventional ceramic
More informationAdvanced materials & solutions for high h temperatures
2010 Advanced materials & solutions for high h temperatures t Mission To engineer innovative solutions for our customers High temperature Corrosion Mechanical wear 2010 From material to engineering solutions
More informationPTFE Slide Bearings 04/10 149
04/10 149 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION In a wide range of applications, PTFE Slide bearings are superior to conventional expansion plates, rollers and rocker arm type supports. They support petrochemical plant,
More informationLapping and Polishing Basics
Lapping and Polishing Basics Applications Laboratory Report 54 Lapping and Polishing 1.0: Introduction Lapping and polishing is a process by which material is precisely removed from a workpiece (or specimen)
More informationEngine Bearing Materials
Engine Bearing Materials Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich (Research & Development Manager) The durable operation of an engine bearing is achieved if its materials combine high strength (load capacity, wear resistance,
More informationCHAPTER 6 WEAR TESTING MEASUREMENT
84 CHAPTER 6 WEAR TESTING MEASUREMENT Wear is a process of removal of material from one or both of two solid surfaces in solid state contact. As the wear is a surface removal phenomenon and occurs mostly
More informationSupercapacitors. Advantages Power density Recycle ability Environmentally friendly Safe Light weight
Supercapacitors Supercapacitors also called ultracapacitors and electric double layer capacitors (EDLC) are capacitors with capacitance values greater than any other capacitor type available today. Capacitance
More informationPower Resistor Thick Film Technology
Power Resistor Thick Film Technology LTO series are the extension of RTO types. We used the direct ceramic mounting design (no metal tab) of our RCH power resistors applied to semiconductor packages. FEATURES
More informationJournal bearings/sliding bearings
Journal bearings/sliding bearings Operating conditions: Advantages: - Vibration damping, impact damping, noise damping - not sensitive for vibrations, low operating noise level - dust tight (if lubricated
More informationDevelopment of High-Speed High-Precision Cooling Plate
Hironori Akiba Satoshi Fukuhara Ken-ichi Bandou Hidetoshi Fukuda As the thinning of semiconductor device progresses more remarkably than before, uniformity within silicon wafer comes to be strongly required
More informationCOATED CARBIDE. TiN. Al 2 O 3
COATED CARBIDE GENERAL INFORMATION CVD = Chemical Vapour Deposition coated grades GC2015, GC2025, GC2135, GC235, GC3005, GC3015, GC3020, GC3025, GC3115, GC4015, GC4025, GC4035, S05F, and CD1810. PVD =
More informationCurrent, Resistance and Electromotive Force. Young and Freedman Chapter 25
Current, Resistance and Electromotive Force Young and Freedman Chapter 25 Electric Current: Analogy, water flowing in a pipe H 2 0 gallons/minute Flow Rate is the NET amount of water passing through a
More informationWW12X, WW08X, WW06X, WW04X ±1%, ±5% Thick Film Low ohm chip resistors
WW12X, WW08X, WW06X, WW04X ±1%, ±5% Thick Film Low ohm chip resistors Size 1206, 0805, 0603, 0402 *Contents in this sheet are subject to change without prior notice. Page 1 of 8 ASC_WWxxX_V12 Nov.- 2011
More informationFriction Analysis for Piston Ring of Seal Device in the Stirling Engine
Friction Analysis for Piston Ring of Seal Device in the Stirling Engine Hou Shunqiang 1, a, Zhang Lili 2,b and Zhang Xiaoyan 3,c 1 Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao China 2 Shandong University of Science
More informationChapter 22: Electric motors and electromagnetic induction
Chapter 22: Electric motors and electromagnetic induction The motor effect movement from electricity When a current is passed through a wire placed in a magnetic field a force is produced which acts on
More informationFretting Corrosion (Transit Abrasion) on Galvanized Sheet
3. Corrosion Mechanisms, Prevention, and Testing GalvInfoNote 3.5 Introduction Fretting Corrosion (Transit Abrasion) on Galvanized Sheet Galvanized sheet surfaces sometimes exhibit a surface imperfection
More informationTHE ELEMENT C. Introduction graphite and carbon Lattice Classification of grain size. Properties of graphite and carbon
THE ELEMENT C Introduction graphite and carbon Lattice Classification of grain size Fine-grained graphite Coarse-grained graphite Properties of graphite and carbon High temperature properties Introduction
More informationWound Rotor Induction Motors 4-12 poles, up to 8000 kw, 11500 HP
Wound Rotor Induction Motors 4-12 poles, up to 8000 kw, 11500 HP ABB The Preferred Partner Egypt Cement Corporation, a major cement manufacturer, has chosen ABB wound rotor motors for all key applications
More informationSOLAR CELLS From light to electricity
SOLAR CELLS From light to electricity Solar Impulse uses nothing but light to power its motors. The effect of light on the material in solar panels allows them to produce the electricity that is needed
More informationUnit 6: EXTRUSION. Difficult to form metals like stainless steels, nickel based alloys and high temperature metals can also be extruded.
1 Unit 6: EXTRUSION Introduction: Extrusion is a metal working process in which cross section of metal is reduced by forcing the metal through a die orifice under high pressure. It is used to produce cylindrical
More informationScreen Melts. Introduction. Selecting Screen Material. Prefire Before Using. Spalling. Kiln Shelf
Introduction There are two terrific reasons for melting glass through screens. First because screen melts produce uniquely intricate patterns not possible any other way and second because it does it using
More informationTechnical presentation
Technical presentation Carbotech Provides Full Range of Carbon Product Technologies Electro graphite (EG) Resin Bonded (IM,GB) Typical Applications: Corded AC -Professional, Industrial Demand These grades
More informationNauki ścisłe priorytetem społeczeństwa opartego na wiedzy Artykuły na platformę CMS
S t r o n a 1 Author: Marta Miedźwiedziew METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION Introduction The article is intended for high school students having courses in chemistry at both the basic and
More information50 W Power Resistor, Thick Film Technology, TO-220
50 W Power Resistor, Thick Film Technology, TO-220 FEATURES 50 W at 25 C heatsink mounted Adjusted by sand trimming Leaded or surface mount versions High power to size ratio Non inductive element Material
More informationTHE FACTS ABOUT MOLY AND ITS USE IN LUBRICANTS
THE FACTS ABOUT MOLY AND ITS USE IN LUBRICANTS WHAT IS MOLY Moly is the common name used to describe various chemical compounds that contain the element Molybdenum (Mo). Molybdenum is a metallic element
More informationLonger lifetime for hydraulic oil
Longer lifetime for hydraulic oil In many applications hydraulic oils and lubricating oils are exchanged with new oil after only some thousand hours of operation. Changing the oil causes high costs and
More informationTC50 High Precision Power Thin Film chip resistors (RoHS compliant Halogen Free) Size 1206, 0805, 0603
WF2Q, WF08Q, WF06Q ±%, ±0.5%, ±0.25%, ±0.%, ±0.05% TC50 High Precision Power Thin Film chip resistors (RoHS compliant Halogen Free) Size 206, 0805, 0603 *Contents in this sheet are subject to change without
More informationChemical Surface Treatment of Stainless Steel
www.damstahl.dk Damstahl - a member of the NEUMO Ehrenberg-Group Any manufacturing or handling of stainless steel implies the potential risk of weakening the corrosion resistance. Should this weakening
More informationPolymer Termination. Mechanical Cracking 2. The reason for polymer termination. What is Polymer Termination? 3
Polymer Termination An alternative termination material specifically designed to absorb greater levels of mechanical stress thereby reducing capacitor failures associated with mechanical cracking Mechanical
More informationHPPMS/DC-MSIP (Cr,Al,V)N and (Cr,Al,W)N Thin Films for High Temperature Application
HPPMS/DC-MSIP (Cr,Al,V)N and (Cr,Al,W)N Thin Films for High Temperature Application Sebastian Theiß K. Bobzin, N. Bagcivan, M. Ewering, R. H. Brugnara April 23, 21 HPPMS/HiPIMS/MPP Workshop, Golden Outline
More informationSpecification Guide. for RVAC. Direct Replacement. AC Medium Voltage. Circuit Breakers
Specification Guide for RVAC Direct Replacement AC Medium Voltage Circuit Breakers Table of Contents 1.0 General Work Scope...3 2.0 Standards...3 3.0 Supplier Qualifications...4 4.0 Circuit Breaker Element
More information2. A conductor of length 2m moves at 4m/s at 30 to a uniform magnetic field of 0.1T. Which one of the following gives the e.m.f. generated?
Extra Questions - 2 1. A straight length of wire moves through a uniform magnetic field. The e.m.f. produced across the ends of the wire will be maximum if it moves: a) along the lines of magnetic flux
More informationWear-resistant steel grades. Hot-rolled steel strip and heavy plate. voestalpine Steel Division www.voestalpine.com/steel
Wear-resistant steel grades Hot-rolled steel strip and heavy plate Josef Elmer, Key Account Manager voestalpine Steel Division www.voestalpine.com/steel For the highest stress Highest resistance to wear
More informationContents BUSHING S ELECTION P RODUCT S PECIFIC I NFORMATION TECHNICAL DATA A SSORTMENT. World s Widest Bushing Stock Assortment 2
Contents BUSHING S ELECTION World s Widest Bushing Stock Assortment 2 SKF Bushings Product Selection Guide 4 SKF Bushings Technical Data 6 Bushing Selection Overview of Technical Data Temperature range
More informationFRETTING FATIGUE OF STEELS WITH IFFERENT STRENGTH
FRETTING FATIGUE OF STEELS WITH IFFERENT STRENGTH Václav LINHART, Martin ČIPERA, Dagmar MIKULOVÁ SVÚM, a.s., Podnikatelská 565, 190 11 Praha 9- Běchovice,Czech Republic Abstract The investigation of fretting
More informationLead & Magnet Wire Connection Methods Using the Tin Fusing Method Joyal A Division of AWE, Inc.
Lead & Magnet Wire Connection Methods Using the Tin Fusing Method Joyal A Division of AWE, Inc. Abstract The technology for connecting lead and magnet wires for electric motors and electro mechanical devices
More informationCOPPER BARS FOR THE HALL-HÉROULT PROCESS
COPPER BARS FOR THE HALL-HÉROULT PROCESS René von Kaenel, Louis Bugnion, Jacques Antille, Laure von Kaenel KAN-NAK Ltd., Route de Sion 35, 3960 Sierre, Switzerland Keywords: Copper, Collector bars, Productivity
More informationCrystalline solids. A solid crystal consists of different atoms arranged in a periodic structure.
Crystalline solids A solid crystal consists of different atoms arranged in a periodic structure. Crystals can be formed via various bonding mechanisms: Ionic bonding Covalent bonding Metallic bonding Van
More informationCHAPTER 6 THERMAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS. page. Introduction 6-2. Thermal resistance 6-2. Junction temperature 6-2. Factors affecting R th(j-a) 6-2
CHAPTER 6 THERMAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS page Introduction 6-2 Thermal resistance 6-2 Junction temperature 6-2 Factors affecting 6-2 Thermal resistance test methods 6-3 Test procedure 6-3 Forced air factors
More informationATOMIC ABSORTION SPECTROSCOPY: rev. 4/2011 ANALYSIS OF COPPER IN FOOD AND VITAMINS
1 ATOMIC ABSORTION SPECTROSCOPY: rev. 4/2011 ANALYSIS OF COPPER IN FOOD AND VITAMINS Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Model 200 Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) has for many years
More informationRight Angle Grinder USA MADE FLAP DISCS
USA MADE FLAP DISC Right Angle Grinder CGW Offers the Most Extensive Line of Flap Discs in the Marketplace CGW flap discs blend and finish in one operation which replaces the traditional twostep grinding
More informationSF 6 Gas Insulated Switchgear Type SDF for 170 kv
Three Phase Encapsulated Type SF 6 Gas Insulated Switchgear Type SDF for 170 kv 06B1-E-0001 With Trustworthy Technology, Structure Fuji Electric as a manufacturer of comprehensive substation equipment
More informationCurrent Limiting Power Resistors for High-Power LED Module Lighting Applications
Current Limiting Power Resistors for High-Power LED Module Lighting Applications PWR263 An ongoing trend toward miniaturization of virtually all electronics is accompanied by the demand for a reduction
More informationContents BUSHING S ELECTION P RODUCT S PECIFIC I NFORMATION TECHNICAL DATA A SSORTMENT. World s Widest Bushing Stock Assortment 2
SKF bushings Contents BUSHING S ELECTION World s Widest Bushing Stock Assortment 2 SKF Bushings Product Guide 4 SKF Bushings Technical Data 6 Bushing Selection Overview of Technical Data Temperature range
More informationRolling Bearing for Environments of Ultrahigh Temperatures
[ New Product ] Rolling Bearing for Environments of Ultrahigh s Miki ARIHANA* Takayuki KAWAMURA** In recent years the demand of bearings which are used at 4 degree C for tenter clips, glassmaking facility
More informationAutomotive Base Oil Presentation
Automotive Base Oil Presentation What is a Base Oil? The refined petroleum mineral or synthetic material that is produced by a refinery to a required set of specifications. A lubricant s quality can depend
More informationMetal Rescue Rust Remover Technical Data
Technical Data Product Description Metal Rescue TM is an innovative new technology that efficiently removes rust without harming surrounding materials. It is a water-based, non-toxic solution that is biodegradable
More informationSKF composite plain bearings. Compact and maintenance-free
SKF composite plain bearings Compact and maintenance-free Contents The SKF brand now stands for more than ever before, and means more to you as a valued customer. While SKF maintains its leadership as
More informationObjectives 200 CHAPTER 4 RESISTANCE
Objectives Explain the differences among conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. Define electrical resistance. Solve problems using resistance, voltage, and current. Describe a material that obeys
More informationSurface Tension: Liquids Stick Together Teacher Version
Surface Tension: Liquids Stick Together Teacher Version In this lab you will learn about properties of liquids, specifically cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension. These principles will be demonstrated
More informationPermanent Magnetic Couplings and Brakes for Drive Technology
Tridelta Magnetsysteme A Tridelta Group Company Permanent Magnetic Couplings and Brakes for Drive Technology Raw Materials Magnets Systems and Components Magnet N1 Soft iron N2 Resin Introduction and principals
More informationCorrugated Tubular Heat Exchangers
Corrugated Tubular Heat Exchangers HEAT EXCHANGERS for the 21st CENTURY Corrugated Tubular Heat Exchangers (CTHE) Corrugated Tube Heat Exchangers are shell and tube heat exchangers which use corrugated
More informationFundamentals of Friction and Wear of Automobile Brake Materials
Fundamentals of Friction and Wear of Automobile Brake Materials Shyam Bahadur, PhD., Fellow ASME, Fellow ASTM University Professor and Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames,
More information3.3 kv IGBT Modules. Takeharu Koga Yasuhiko Arita Takatoshi Kobayashi. 1. Introduction. 2. Specifications of 3.3 kv IGBT Module
3.3 kv IGBT Modules Takeharu Koga Yasuhiko Arita Takatoshi Kobayashi A B S T R A C T Fuji Electric has developed a 3.3 kv-1.2 ka IGBT module in response to market needs for inverters suitable for industrial
More informationOrigin of low-friction behavior in graphite investigated by. surface x-ray diffraction
SLAC-PUB-10429 May 2004 Origin of low-friction behavior in graphite investigated by surface x-ray diffraction Bing K. Yen ab and Birgit E. Schwickert IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose,
More informationMultiple Choice For questions 1-10, circle only one answer.
Test Bank - Chapter 1 The questions in the test bank cover the concepts from the lessons in Chapter 1. Select questions from any of the categories that match the content you covered with students. The
More informationIncreasing the Durability of Ultrasonic Welding Tooling
Increasing the Durability of Ultrasonic Welding Tooling by Daniel W. Smith Page 1 Clarkson University Increasing the Durability of Ultrasonic Welding Tooling A Thesis Proposal by Daniel W. Smith Department
More informationChapter Three: STOICHIOMETRY
p70 Chapter Three: STOICHIOMETRY Contents p76 Stoichiometry - The study of quantities of materials consumed and produced in chemical reactions. p70 3-1 Counting by Weighing 3-2 Atomic Masses p78 Mass Mass
More informationTurbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer (THMT 09) Poiseuille flow of liquid methane in nanoscopic graphite channels by molecular dynamics simulation
Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer (THMT 09) Poiseuille flow of liquid methane in nanoscopic graphite channels by molecular dynamics simulation Sapienza Università di Roma, September 14, 2009 M. T. HORSCH,
More informationThere are four types of friction, they are 1).Static friction 2) Dynamic friction 3) Sliding friction 4) Rolling friction
2.3 RICTION The property by virtue of which a resisting force is created between two rough bodies that resists the sliding of one body over the other is known as friction. The force that always opposes
More informationPrecision Leaded Resistors
FEATURES Approved according to CECC 40101-806 Advanced thin film technology Low TC: ± 15 to Precision tolerance of value: ± 0.1 % and ± 0.25 % Superior overall : class 0.05 Wide precision range: 10 Ω to
More informationMetals and Non-metals. Comparison of physical properties of metals and non metals
Metals and Non-metals Comparison of physical properties of metals and non metals PHYSICAL PROPERTY METALS NON-METALS Physical State Metallic lustre (having a shining surface) Mostly solids (Liquid -mercury)
More informationMETHOD STATEMENT INSTALLATION OF INSULATING FLANGE KITS
METHOD STATEMENT INSTALLATION OF INSULATING FLANGE KITS Revision Date Prepared By Approved By Method Statement IF Kits BAC Corrosion Control Limited Stafford Park 11 Telford TF3 3AY Tel: 01952 290321 Fax:
More informationUniversity of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL. March - Monthly Report for HASP2010. UND-UNF Payload. Dr. Nirmal Patel
University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL Dr. Nirmal Patel Students: Nathan Walker, Bernadette, and Jason March - Monthly Report for HASP2010 UND-UNF Payload (1) UNF Preliminary design review (PDR)
More informationPower chip resistor size 2512 PRC221 5%; 2% FEATURES Reduced size of final equipment Low assembly costs Higher component and equipment reliability.
FEATURES Reduced size of final equipment Low assembly costs Higher component and equipment reliability. APPLICATIONS Power supplies Printers Computers Battery chargers Automotive Converters CD-ROM. QUICK
More informationResistance, Ohm s Law, and the Temperature of a Light Bulb Filament
Resistance, Ohm s Law, and the Temperature of a Light Bulb Filament Name Partner Date Introduction Carbon resistors are the kind typically used in wiring circuits. They are made from a small cylinder of
More informationHIGH FREQUENCY TRANSFORMER WITH TRANSFORMER SWITCHOVER
OPTIMUM EFFICIENCY AND FLEXIBLE USE HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSFORMER WITH TRANSFORMER SWITCHOVER One of the many requirements of the modern inverter is a broad, coordinated input and MPP voltage range with a
More informationCATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN
CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN Presented By DENIS L ROSSI P.E. CORROSION ENGINEER New England C P Inc. Corrosion Fundamentals What is corrosion? It is defined as the degradation or deterioration of
More informationProduct Specification
Product Specification Model No.: DC-240-L01-00-TR Description: H=3.00mm Horizontal SMD DC Power Jacks Pin Shaft Diameter: 0.65mm Packing Method: Tape & Reel (600pcs./R) 1. General 1a. Scope The jacks should
More informationLecture 9. Surface Treatment, Coating, Cleaning
1 Lecture 9. Surface Treatment, Coating, Cleaning These processes are sometimes referred to as post-processing. They play a very important role in the appearance, function and life of the product. Broadly,
More informationManufacturing Tooling Cutting Tool Design. Elements of Machining. Chip Formation. Nageswara Rao Posinasetti
Manufacturing Tooling Cutting Tool Design Nageswara Rao Posinasetti Elements of Machining Cutting tool Tool holding Guiding device Work piece Machine tool January 29, 2008 Nageswara Rao Posinasetti 2 Chip
More informationThe Fundamentals of Thermoelectrics
The Fundamentals of Thermoelectrics A bachelor s laboratory practical Contents 1 An introduction to thermoelectrics 1 2 The thermocouple 4 3 The Peltier device 5 3.1 n- and p-type Peltier elements..................
More informationACL 395 Resistivity Meter
ACL 395 Resistivity Meter OPERATION MANUAL Meter is warranted for one year from the date of purchase on parts and labor. Calibration is recommended every 12 months. 840 W. 49 th Place Page 1 of 13 info@aclstaticide.com
More informationNon- Carbon Fiber Electrical Heating Textile Introduction:
Non- Carbon Fiber Electrical Heating Introduction: This Heating is a new generation electrical heating system which is specially designed for mobile heating, energy saving and safety orientated requirements
More information4 SENSORS. Example. A force of 1 N is exerted on a PZT5A disc of diameter 10 mm and thickness 1 mm. The resulting mechanical stress is:
4 SENSORS The modern technical world demands the availability of sensors to measure and convert a variety of physical quantities into electrical signals. These signals can then be fed into data processing
More informationBrush DC Motor Basics. by Simon Pata Business Unit Manager, Brushless DC
thinkmotion Brush DC Motor Basics by Simon Pata Business Unit Manager, Brushless DC Ironless DC Motor Basics Technical Note Brushed DC ironless motors are found in a large variety of products and applications
More informationSimulation of Residual Stresses in an Induction Hardened Roll
2.6.4 Simulation of Residual Stresses in an Induction Hardened Roll Ludwig Hellenthal, Clemens Groth Walzen Irle GmbH, Netphen-Deuz, Germany CADFEM GmbH, Burgdorf/Hannover, Germany Summary A heat treatment
More informationB Dinesh Prabhu, Asst. Professor, P E S College Engg., Mandya, KARNATAKA 1
Firing Order Every engine cylinder must fire once in every cycle. This requires that for a four-stroke fourcylinder engine the ignition system must fire for every 180 degrees of crank rotation. For a sixcylinder
More informationBUMAX. REYHER your partner for the BUMAX range
BUMAX high-tensile stainless steel fasteners REYHER your partner for the BUMAX range Strongest stainless steel fasteners in the world BUMAX 88 and BUMAX ready for delivery from stock Wide range of BUMAX
More informationDesign elements based on Elring PTFE Outstanding properties for many applications
Design elements based on Elring Outstanding properties for many applications Design elements based on Elring Elring's mastery is unrivalled when it comes to making the most out of plastics. We offer a
More informationGroup. The precision company SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL. Hard chrome. Surface solutions by STI Group. English
Group SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL The precision company Hard chrome English Surface solutions by STI Group Trust the Market Leader Thanks to its technological competence, its modern infrastructure,
More informationThe Electrical Properties of Materials: Resistivity
The Electrical Properties of Materials: Resistivity 1 Objectives 1. To understand the properties of resistance and resistivity in conductors, 2. To measure the resistivity and temperature coefficient of
More informationINTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY INSTRUMENTATION UNIT SMD (SURFACE MOUNTED DEVICES) REPAIR S. WIERZBINSKI FEBRUARY 1999
(SURFACE MOUNTED DEVICES) REPAIR S. WIERZBINSKI FEBRUARY 1999 (SURFACE MOUNTED DEVICES) REPAIR 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. ADVANTAGES 4 3. LIMITATIONS 4 4. DIALECT 5 5. SIZES AND DIMENSIONS
More informationPrinted Circuit Board Recycling Methods
Printed Circuit Board Recycling Methods 1. Introduction to Printed Circuit Boards The Printed Circuit Board (PCB 1 ) manufacturing process is very complicated, involving many special chemicals and valuable
More informationCLASSIFICATIONS OF INJECTION MOLDS
CLASSIFICATIONS OF INJECTION MOLDS General Notes The following classifications are guidelines to be used in obtaining quotations and placing orders for uniform types of molds. It is our desire, through
More information