Power Factor Correction

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1 ABB Power Quality Products All Energy Power Quality Presentation Power Factor Correction June 6, 2014 Slide 1

2 Our world is changing Our every day necessities Ever-growing population Energy consumption to double within 30 years Sustaining a powerhungry world Concern about climate change Ensuring a reliable grid Providing energy efficient products and solutions Rising Electricity energy costs More than ever, the need for energy efficient products and reliable grids continues to grow. ABB s power quality solutions support the vital electricity networks that keep our world running. June 6, 2014 Slide 2

and solutions Rising Electricity energy costs More than ever, the need for energy efficient products and reliable grids

3 Reactive Power Compensation for Renewables Stacom EMPAC 1-36 kv June 6, 2014 Slide 3

4 ABB s commitment to improving Power Quality ABB is the leading global manufacturer of power quality products. ABB is committed to the ongoing development of products that meet increasingly stringent demands for environmental and energy efficiency requirements ABB has developed a complete portfolio of power quality solutions to suit virtually any customer requirement or applications, including: Power Factor Correction (PFC) Active / Passive Harmonic Filters Dynacomp In this presentation we focus on Power Factor Correction equipment tailored to suit the specific needs of UK customers June 6, 2014 Slide 4

ABB has developed a complete portfolio of power quality solutions to suit virtually any customer requirement or applications, including: Power Factor

5 Presentation overview What is power factor? Why is power factor correction important? Typical Installations Savings - PFC solutions that pay for themselves practical examples Overview of the benefits of power factor correction. June 6, 2014 Slide 5

Typical Installations Savings - PFC solutions that pay for

6 What is Power Factor June 6, 2014 Slide 6

7 What is Power Factor? An electrical system s power is composed of different parts: Active (working) power which performs the useful work. Reactive (non-working) power which creates the magnetic fields for inductive devices. Apparent power (kva) = Active power (kw) + Reactive power (kvar) Reactive power Active power

8 Let s start by looking at reactive power Electrical power comes in two distinct parts just like a frothy latte The coffee body is active power that you can use to do work. The froth on top is reactive power. Some is useful, but too much is simply a waste the same as the foam you leave behind in your glass. A perfect body = Good power factor correction A frothy latte = Poor power factor correction Latte glass = Capacity = kva Coffee = Useful energy = kw Froth = Waste capacity June 6, 2014 Slide 8

Some is useful, but too much is simply a waste the same as the foam you leave behind in your glass.

9 Reactive Power In case of a transformer loaded to a considerable degree Reactive power (Q) Active power (P) Available Active power Generation Transformer Inductive Loads The system capacity is often limited to the Transformer capacity. Reactive Power demand for the loads is catered by the Generation June 6, 2014 Slide 9 June 6, 2014 Slide 9

Loads The system capacity is often limited to the Transformer capacity.

10 Reactive power compensation By power factor correction capacitors Reactive power Active power Available Active power Transformer Inductive loads Capacitors A capacitor consists of two electrically conducting plates, electrodes, isolated from each other by a medium, dielectric system. Capacitors are used to Store Energy (DC). Capacitors are used to Generate Reactive Power (AC). This property is used for Power Factor Correction. Power capacitors are normally rated by power (kvar). June 6, 2014 Slide 10 June 6, 2014 Slide 10

medium, dielectric system. Capacitors are used to Store Energy (DC). Capacitors are used to Generate Reactive Power (AC).

11 Poor power factor The causes Causes of poor PF include inductive loads equipment such as: AC motors Arc welders Furnaces Fluorescent lighting Air conditioning The more inductive loads there are on the network, then the greater possibility of a poor PF June 6, 2014 Slide 11

lighting Air conditioning The more inductive loads there are on the

12 Why is Power Factor Important? correction important? June 6, 2014 Slide 12

13 Typical Electricity Account If a network is 100% efficient its power factor (PF) is 1 or unity. A poor PF results in additional costs for the electricity supplier These costs are passed on to the customer as a reactive power charge or exceeded capacity charge All UK electricity suppliers impose a reactive penalty charge when the average PF falls below 0.95 in a month. Typical Electricity Account: June 6, 2014 Slide 13

customer as a reactive power charge or exceeded capacity charge All UK electricity suppliers impose a

14 Electricity Details Shown kw & kva maximum demand June 6, 2014 Slide 14

15 Electricity Details Shown Excess kvarh charges calculable from total kwh & kvarh units June 6, 2014 Slide 15

16 Electricity Details Shown Authoriised Capacity Charges (ASC) June 6, 2014 Slide 16

17 Electricity Details Shown Excess reactive charges in this case 641 per month June 6, 2014 Slide 17

18 Typical Installation June 6, 2014 Slide 18

19 Typical Installation 132 kv 11 kv M 415 volts 415 volts M M M M June 6, 2014 Slide 19

20 PFC Applications Mining Heavy industry Chemical Pulp & Paper Shipping Commercial Buildings Leisure Cement Plastics Petro-Chemical Printing Food industry Datacentre Supermarkets June 6, 2014 Slide 20

Leisure Cement Plastics Petro-Chemical Printing

21 Savings PFC solutions that pay for themselves Practical examples June 6, 2014 Slide 21

22 Typical PFC Installation & Payback Examples Ceramics Manufacturing Company Max demand 665 kw Capacitance required: 300 kvar Operating power factor: 0.78 lag Typical cost of PFC including installation: Potential savings in reactive charges & kva Authorised Supply Capacity (ASC): p pa. Payback: 1.6 years Food Manufacturing Company Max demand 637 kw Capacitance required: 200 kvar Operating power factor: 0.85 lag Typical cost of PFC including installation: Potential savings in reactive charges & reduction in kva Authorised Supply Capacity (ASC): p pa. Payback: 1.77 years June 6, 2014 Slide 22

23 CO 2 Reduction Based on BCMA data An average operating time of 6000 working hours pa CO 2 emissions of Tonne CO 2 per kvar pa could be realised Examples based on the above figures: a) With 350 kvar of capacitance an approx reduction of tonnes per annum could be realised b) With 200 kvar of capacitance an approx reduction of tonnes per annum could be realised June 6, 2014 Slide 23

24 Overview of the Benefits of Power Factor Correction Increased system efficiency Reduction in load Gives the possibility to installed more load or machines without the need to uprate the incoming supply, transformers, incoming network. Possibility of no increase in the existing Authorised Supply capacity (ASC) Energy saving resulting in reduced electricity charges Reduction of reactive charges Possible reduction of Authorised Supply Capacity (ASC) Reduction transformer losses contributing to reduced Climate Levy Charges Reduced carbon emission June 6, 2014 Slide 24

25 June 6, 2014 Slide 25

Understanding Power Factor and How it Affects Your Electric Bill. Presented by Scott Peele PE

Understanding Power Factor and How it Affects Your Electric Bill Presented by Scott Peele PE Understanding Power Factor Definitions kva, kvar, kw, Apparent Power vs. True Power Calculations Measurements