How to Secure Mainframe TCP/IP Newington Road Bethesda, MD (301)
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1 How to Secure Mainframe TCP/IP Stu Henderson 5702 Newington Road Bethesda, MD (301)
2 ABSTRACT 2 Most mainframe data centers now have at least one mainframe connected to TCP/IP, often with some connection to the Internet. While the z/os software gives a large number of tools to secure these connections, these tools often are not used. (If you think you don't use TCP/IP with your z/os systems, try issuing the TSO command NETSTAT.) In this session, Stu explains IP and TCP clearly, describes the security risks and the security tools you already have for free with z/os, and shows you how to go about implementing the tools. You will learn why z/os is considered the "most securable TCP/IP platform available". You will also learn how to make yours effectively secured.
3 AGENDA 3 1. Introduction 2. The Risks 3. The Protections 4. Summary: Call to Action
4 1. Introduction 4 TCP/IP is: How a program on one computer shares data with a program on a different computer Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
5 An IP Address Is 5 A number like: Contained within each TCP/IP message Used to route each message to its destination computer Often mapped to a DNS name like
6 IP Address Routes the Message to a Computer 6 IP ADDRESS
7 IP Address Routes the Message 7 IP ADDRESS
8 You Can t Control 8 The route your message takes as it is passed from computer to computer over the Internet. Anyone in charge of any of those computers is able to view your message as it gets passed on.
9 IP Message Layout IP Message Data From IP Address To IP Address Length of IP Message
10 The Port Number 10 Identifies an application like or FTP Is contained in the message itself Is used to route the message once it arrives at its destination computer
11 IP Message & TCP Packet Layout IP MESSAGE IP Message Data TCP PACKET TCP Data From Port # To Port #
12 IP Message Data Contains TCP Packet Data IP Message Data TCP Data From Port # To Port #
13 TCP Ports Port # Other 1 # Other FTP Port Remote Login Port
14 IP Message Arrives TCP PACKET TCP Data To Port FTP 23 Remote Login 25
15 IP Address and DNS Name 15 An IP Address is a number used to route an IP message to a given computer: Can often be mapped to a DNS name like
16 Port Number 16 Routes a message to the correct application (like or file transfer) For example, port 25 is often used for . Once an IP message arrives at the computer it is addressed to, TCP looks at the Port Number and hands the message to the program that handles that port number
17 Overall Flow 17 to FTP 23 Remote Login 25
18 How to Learn What s Up 18 The TSO command NETSTAT will tell you what TCP/IP connections are running Tells you: To and from IP addresses To and from Ports Program names (such as DB2, CICS, FTP, TN3270 MQ Series)
19 Are Mainframes at Risk? 19 Peter Hager notes a website with over 700 mainframes providing TN3270 access over the Internet. Every day more IP addresses are added More than half allow access without encryption
20 Is Your Mainframe Here? 20 Other mainframes listed on this website enable logons with clear text connection (Peter s website has more info on risks of BYOD, letting users connect to your mainframe from their smartphones over TCP/IP)
21 2. The Risks 21 Copying Sensitive Data Unauthorized Port Opening Port Scanning DOS (Denial of Service) Hijacking a Session
22 Copying Sensitive Data 22 Passwords, PII, PCI, HIPAA You can t control the route your message takes over the Internet Protection: Encryption
23 Unauthorized Port Opening 23 Unauthorized program opens a port, listens for invites The mainframe Internet hack in Europe Protection: Block the Ports and Packet Filtering
24 Port Scanning 24 Hacker maps your system by pinging every port to see what software is behind it Finds port backed by insecure software Protection: Intrusion Detection (Recognizes Patterns) and Software Quality
25 DOS (Denial of Service) 25 Two Types: Flood Attacks (Protection: Powerful Computer, Intrusion Detection) Buffer Overflow (Protection: Software Quality Assurance)
26 Hijacking a Session 26 You can t predict the route your message takes over the Internet You think you re talking to the other computer, but you re actually talking to the hacker s computer. Protection: Encryption and Digital Certificates
27 3. The Protections 27 Configuration Files SERVAUTH Encryption / Digital Certificates PAGENT (Policy Agent)
28 Configuration Files 28 For TCP/IP itself For FTP, Policy Agent, others Provide for: Blocking of ports SERVAUTH calls Encryption Client authentication Intrusion detection
29 SERVAUTH 29 Resource Class with RACF, ACF2, TopSecret Restricts access to: Ports and IP addresses FTP TCP/IP itself TN3270 Other Specified in configuration files
30 Encryption / Digital Certificates 30 SSL / TLS application transparent (Any application can invoke it based on configuration file) Protects Data, Also: Client Authentication, Non-Repudiation Digital Certificates should be in RACF, ACF2, TopSecret
31 PAGENT (Policy Agent) 31 A Firewall For the Mainframe Free with z/os
32 PAGENT Functions 32 IPSEC (Port Blocking and VPN) Encryption Intrusion Detection Packet Filtering
33 4. Summary: Call to Action 33 Use TSO NETSTAT to learn what is running Is PAGENT running? What else is running?
34 4. Summary: Call to Action 34 Review configuration files: DB2: DSNZPARM CICS: DFHSIT, TCPIPSERVICE TCP/IP: PROFILE, TCPDATA FTP: FTPDATA TN3270 same as TCP/IP Change control on configuration files (NewEra s Image Focus and The Control Editor)
35 4. Summary: Call to Action 35 Who decides what data to encrypt? How do they decide? What knowledge is relevant?
36 4. Summary: Call to Action 36 Review Policy Agent configuration file It points to other configuration files for specific functions Which functions do you want?
37 4. Summary: Call to Action 37 Review port control How do you block the ports? Who decides?
38 4. Summary: Call to Action 38 Watch red flags for auditors: No baseline documents DSO doesn t know how TCP/IP is secured No encryption over passwords No change control No risk assessment Not using PAGENT Digital certificates not in RACF, ACF2, TopSecret
39 4. Summary: Call to Action 39 Review the risks listed above Use the tools listed above to manage the risks Ensure change control Clarify who is responsible, who has authority
40 For More Information 40 ACF2, TopSecret Manuals from CA Technologies RACF and z/os Communications Server Manuals ( series/zos/bkserv/ ) Articles on FTP Security and SERVAUTH and Other Topics at
41 For More Information 41 Mainframe Audit News and RACF User News at rs-archive.html Website listing mainframes accessible over the Internet om/
42 For More Information 42 Peter Hager s website (BYOD and mainframe TCPIP) NewEra s website (change control tools for configuration files) Thanks for Your Kind Attention. Questions to Stu Henderson (301) stu@stuhenderson.com
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