Cryptographic Primitives for Secure Communication
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1 Cryptograpi Primitives for Seure Communiation Dr. Craig A. Ri Computer Siene Department Cal Poly Pomona ~ ari/biograpy/primitives.pdf
2 Cryptograpi Primitives Random Number Generator (RNG) Has Funtion Compression Funtion Symmetri (Seret Key) Ciper Asymmetri (Private Key) Ciper Appliations of Cryptograpi Primitives Pretty Good Privay (PGP) Callenge-and-Response Autentiation Mirosoft Callenge-Handsake Autentiation Protool (MS-CHAPv2) 1. MS-CHAPv2 Callenge 2. MS-CHAPv2 Suppliant (Peer) Response 3. MS-CHAPv2 Autentiator Response Wi-Fi Proteted Aess (WPA)
3 Random Number Generator (RNG) sould produe uniformly random bits r e.g. r = ardware RNG, r = software pseudo-rng (PRNG) based on a seed
4 Has Funtion as funtion outputs sort fixed-lengt (e.g. 128-bit) ases assume enemy knows as and as funtion produing distint plaintexts mapping to one as sould be intratable e.g. = SHA1, MD4, MD5, RIPEMD160, SHA run in linear time
5 Compression Funtion z z -1 degree of ompression depends on redundany (lak of entropy) ompression inreases entropy e.g. z = ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2... run in linear time
6 Symmetri (Seret Key) Ciper -1 assume enemy knows ipertext and ipers, -1 produing plaintext or seret key sould be intratable serey requires long random seret key e.g. = AES, DES, IDEA, CAST5, Blowfis... run in linear time
7 Asymmetri (Publi Key) Ciper users generate teir own key pairs assume enemy knows ipertext and iper produing plaintext or eiter key sould be intratable produing one key from te oter key sould be intratable e.g. = RSA, ElGamal, DSA... run in superlinear time
8 Asymmetri (Publi Key) Ciper reipient s publi reipient s private autor s private autor s publi autor users publis a publi key, keep seret a private key enrypt using reipient s publi key, derypt using reipient s private key sign using autor s private key, verify using autor s publi key
9 Pretty Good Privay (PGP) Autor autor s private r reipient s publi autor z autor Reipient reipient s private autor s publi -1 autor z -1 autor =?
10 Callenge-and-Response Autentiation Suppliant Autentiator & Autentiation Server username r password password -1 =? Mirosoft Callenge-Handsake Autentiation Protool (MS-CHAPv2) Speified by RFC 2759, January 2000
11 1. MS-CHAPv2 Callenge Suppliant (Peer) Autentiator & Autentiation Server username r r username is 0 to 256 bytes r produes 16-byte autentiator & suppliant (peer) allenge = SHA1 produes 20 bytes, trunated to 8-byte allenge as
12 2. MS-CHAPv2 Suppliant (Peer) Response Suppliant (Peer) password Autentiator & Autentiation Server password -1 =? -1 =? -1 =? = MD4 produes 16-byte (NT) as, zero-padded to 21 bytes = DES enrypts 8-byte allenge as wit 3 separate 7-byte keys Suppliant (peer) response is 24 bytes Autentiator proeeds if allenge as mates
13 3. MS-CHAPv2 Autentiator Response Suppliant (Peer) password Autentiator & Autentiation Server password Magi server to lient signing onstant Magi server to lient signing onstant Pad to make it do more tan one iteration Pad to make it do more tan one iteration =?, = MD4 produes 16-byte as, = SHA1 produes 20 byte as
14 Wi-Fi Proteted Aess (WPA) WPA reated by Wi-Fi Alliane, implements part of IEEE i WPA2 reated by Wi-Fi Alliane, implements all of IEEE i IEEE i, June 2004, inludes 802.1X for autentiation Based on Extensible Autentiation Protool (EAP), RFC 3748, June 2004 Te two most popular enterprise EAP autentiation metods: EAP-TLS, RFC 2716, Otober 1999, uses lient and server SSL ertifiates PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 (PEAP), Otober 2002, uses only server SSL ertifiates Robust Seurity Network (RSN) for traking assoiations AES-based Counter Mode Ciper Blok Caining (CBC) Message Autentiation Code (MAC) Protool (CCMP) for privay and integrity
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