HUMAN COMMUNTCATTqiJi

Transcription

1 seventh edition HUMAN COMMUNTCATTqiJi e basic course Joseph a. devito Hunter College of the City University of New York ЕЭ LONGMAN _ An Imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. New York'Reading, Massachusetts*Menlo Park, California«] Iarlow, hngland Don Mills, Ontario'Sydney'Mexico City*Madrid*Amsterdam

2 contents in detail specialized table of contents x preface xi P3rt 1 Foundations of Human Communication 1 unit 1 Preliminaries to Human Communication 2 The Areas of Human Communication 3 Culture and Human Communication 5 The Components of Human Communication 7 The Purposes of Human Communication 15 Summary 18 Thinking Critically About the Preliminaries to Human Communication 19 unit 2 Principles of Communication 20 Communication Is a Package of Signals 21 Communication Is a Process of Adjustment 22 Communication Involves Content and Relationship Dimensions 24 Communication Sequences Are Punctuated 25 Communication Involves Symmetrical and Complementary Transactions 25 Communication Is Transactional 28 Communication Is Inevitable, Irreversible, and Unrepeatable 29 Summary 32 Thinking Critically About the Principles of Communication 32 Unit 3 Perception 34 The Perception Process 35 Processes Influencing Perception 36 Critical Perception: Making Perceptions More Accurate 47 Summary 50 Thinking Critically About Perception 50 unit 4 Listening 52 The Process of Listening 53 Listening and Culture 58 Listening Effectively 59 Summary 66 Thinking Critically About Listening 66 v

3 Vi I CONTENTS IN DETAIL unit 5 The Self in Communication 68 Self-Concept 69 Self-Awareness 70 Self-Esteem 73 Self-Disclosure 75 Summary 82 Thinking Critically About the Self in Communication 82 unit 6 Tbc Culture in Communication 84 How Cultures Differ 87 Theories of Culture and Communication 90 Intercultural Communication 94 Summary 100 Thinking Critically About Culture and Communication 100 part 2 Messages: Verbal and Nonverbal 104 unit 7 Preliminaries to Verbal and Nonverbal Messages 106 The Interaction of Verbal and Nonverbal Messages 107 Meanings and Messages 108 Message Characteristics 110 Summary 120 Thinking Critically About Verbal and Nonverbal Messages 120 Unit 8 Verbal Message Principles 122 Excluding and Inclusive Talk 123 Downward and Equality Talk 124 Criticism, Praise, and Honest Appraisal 126 Lying and Honesty 127 Gossip and Confidentiality 128 Disconfirmation and Confirmation 130 Summary 138 Thinking Critically About Verbal Message Principles 138 Unit 9 Verbal Message Barriers 140 Polarization 141 Intensional Orientation 142 Fact-Inference Confusion 145 Bypassing 146 Allness 149 Static Evaluation 150 Indiscrimination 150 Summary 152 Thinking Critically About Verbal Message Barriers 152

4 CONTENTS IN DETAIL vii Unit 10 Nonverbal Messages of Body, Sound, and Time 154 Body Movements 155 Facial Movements 156 Eye Movements 159 Paralanguage 161 Silence 163 Temporal Communication 164 Summary 170 Thinking Critically About Nonverbal Messages of Body, Sound, and Time 170 Unit 11 Nonverbal Messages of Space,Touch,Smell,and Artifact 172 Proxemics 173 Territoriality 177 Touch Communication 179 Smell Communication 182 Artifactual Communication 182 Summary 186 Thinking Critically About Nonverbal Messages of Space, Touch, Smell, and Artifact 186 pa rt 3 Interpersonal Communication and Relationships 188 unit 12 Preliminaries to Interpersonal Communication and Relationships 190 Interpersonal Communication 191 The Stages of Interpersonal Relationships 193 Theories of Interpersonal Relationships 198 Summary 206 Thinking Critically About Interpersonal Communication and Relationships 206 unit 13 Interpersonal Communication: Conversation 208 The Process of Conversation 208 The Management of Conversation 216 Problems in Conversation: Prevention and Repair 226 Summary 230 Thinking Critically About Conversation 230 Unit 14 Relationship Development, Deterioration, Maintenance, and Repair 232 Relationship Development 234 Relationship Deterioration 237 Relationship Maintenance 240 Relationship Repair 244 Self-Repair 247 Summary 248 Thinking Critically About Relationship Development, Deterioration, Maintenance, and Repair 249

5 VÜi CONTENTS IN DETAIL Unit 15 Friendship, Love, and Family Communication 250 Friendship Communication 251 Love Communication 255 Family Communication 261 Improving Communication in Friendship, Love, and Family Relationships 270 Summary 272 Thinking Critically About Friendship, Love, and Family Communication 272 unit 16 Interpersonal Conflict 274 The Nature of Interpersonal Conflict 275 Conflict Management 280 Before and After the Conflict 290 Summary 292 Thinking Critically About Interpersonal Conflict 292 part 4 Group and Public Communication 294 unit 17 Preliminaries to Small Group Communication 296 The Small Group 297 Idea-Generation Groups 302 Personal Growth Groups 303 Information-Sharing Groups 305 Problem-Solving Groups 306 Small Group Formats 311 Summary 312 Thinking Critically About Small Group Communication 312 unit 18 Members and Leaders in Small Group Communication 314 Members in Small Group Communication 315 Leaders in Small Group Communication 319 Membership and Leadership in Cultural Perspective 329 Summary 332 Thinking Critically About Members and Leaders in Small Group Communication 332 unit 19 Organizational Communication 334 Organizations and Organizational Communication 335 Approaches to Organizations 337 Communication Networks 340 Communication Flow in Organizations 342 Summary 352 Thinking Critically About Organizational Communication 352

6 CONTENTS IN DETAIL ix Unit 20 Interviewing 354 Interviewing Defined 355 Questions and Answers 357 The Information Interview 358 The Employment Interview 360 The Lawfulness of Questions 368 Summary 370 Thinking Critically About Interviewing 370 unit 21 Preliminaries to Public Communication 372 The Nature of Public Communication 373 Apprehension in Public Communication 378 The Audience in Public Communication 384 Summary 388 Thinking Critically About the Preliminaries to Public Communication 388 unit 22 Principles of Public Communication 390 Principles of Informative Communication 391 Principles of Persuasive Communication 392 The Three Proofs 395 Criticism in Public Communication 399 Summary 404 Thinking Critically About the Principles of Public Communication 404 Unit 23 Preparing- and Presenting- the Public Speech 406 Step 1. Select Your Topic and Purpose 407 Step 2. Analyze Your Audience 409 Step 3. Research Your Topic 410 Step 4. Formulate Your Thesis and Major Propositions 410 Step 5. Support Your Major Propositions 411 Step 6. Organize Your Speech Materials 411 Step 7. Word Your Speech 413 Step 8. Construct Your Conclusion, Introduction, and Transitions 414 Step 9. Rehearse Your Speech 415 Step 10. Present Your Speech 415 Summary 426 Thinking Critically About Preparing and Presenting the Public Speech 426 glossary 429 bibliography 446 index 468