IP Networking Primer. Presented by: Michael Leary

Transcription

1 IP Networking Primer Presented by: Michael Leary

2 Purpose and Objective OSI Model IP Addressing Bandwidth Networks Network Devices Power over Ethernet Cabling

3 Internet Protocol IP is a key network layer protocol used for addressing, delivering, and routing data over networks. IP is a Layer 3 protocol. Flexible Dynamic Standard

4 OSI Model & Protocols Open Systems Interconnection Model Layer 7 Application User Interface Layer 6 Presentation Presentation/Encryption Layer 5 Session Connection Setup/Teardown Layer 4 Transport Mechanics Reliable/Unreliable Layer 3 Network Remote Path/Logical Address Layer 2 Data Link Local Path/Physical Address Layer 1 Physical Adapters/Cable/Connectors A protocol is a standard, convention, or set of rules that governs the format, structure, or transmission of data.

5 Binary & Bits Technology speaks the language of binary. Binary is a base-2 number system. Two possible binary values; 0/1 = off/on (state). Bit is a single binary digit. Examples: [ 1 0 ](2) [ ](5) [ ](15) Bits are quantified upwards using metric prefixes adding a power/exponent of three each time: bit: 1 bit (b) kilobit: 1,000 bits (kb) megabit: 1,000,000 bits (Mb) gigabit: 1,000,000,000 bits (Gb) terabit: 1,000,000,000,000 bits (Tb)

6 8 bits collectively form a byte. A byte s value ranges from 0 255: Bytes BYTE: [ ] = 255 (128)(64)(32)(16) (8) (4) (2) (1) (1) (2) (4) (8) (3) (7) (14) (15) (16) (32) (64) (128) Bytes are also quantified like bits: byte: 1 byte (B) kilobyte: 1,000 bytes (kb) megabyte: 1,000,000 bytes (MB) gigabyte: 1,000,000,000 bytes (GB) terabyte: 1,000,000,000,000 bytes (TB)

7 Network Addressing

8 IP Address IPv4 A logical address used to identify and locate a device on a TCP/IP network Four Octets totaling 32 bits Dotted Decimal Notation Over 4 billion addresses Class A Class B Class C Class D

9 Public & Private IP s Public IP Address Routable over the Internet Private IP Address Cannot be routed over the Internet Privately Addressed Networks 1 - Class A: Class B: Class C: Network Address Translation Outbound traffic Port Forwarding Inbound traffic

10 Static & Dynamic IP s Static IP Address Servers Network Appliances Network Video Recorders Digital Video Recorders IP Cameras Dynamic IP Address Clients

11 Subnet Masks A subnet is a logical division of the network address space. Subnet Mask Class A Class B Class C Network ID Useable Address Range Broadcast Address

12 Subnetting Examples Note: the more subnets you create, the more IP addresses you lose overall.

13 Default Gateway, DNS & DDNS Default Gateway Routers Firewalls Proxy Servers Domain Name System Resolves friendly names to IP Addresses Dynamic DNS Tracks dynamically addressed WAN connections

14 IP Address IPv6 IPv6 was developed to deal with the dwindling supply of IP addresses. 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370: bit address 8 Hexadecimal Strings Backwards compatible with IPv4 Implementation is on going IPv6 Trivia More than 340 undecillion IP s 340,282,366,920,938,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

15 Bandwidth & Latency Bandwidth is the capacity of a channel that carries data. Latency (delay) the time it takes to send a data packet and receive a response. Propagation Transmission Processing

16 Network Multiple technology-related devices connected via a commonly shared resource. Ethernet Most common LAN technology Based on the IEEE standard Physical Topology Media Logical Topology Control of traffic on the network

17 Local Area Network

18 Wide Area Network

19 Network Devices

20 Routers Layer3 A device that provides a boundary and connecting point between networks. Routers direct traffic based on logical addressing.

21 Switches Layer 2 A switch is a smart device that is used to connect network devices. Switches use physical addressing to direct traffic to the proper segment of a network. A MAC Address, also known as a physical address, is a unique identifier that is hard coded into every network adapter.

22 Switch Types Unmanaged Switches Plug and Play Suitable for small networks Web Smart and Managed Switches Allow for local and remote control of switch and network traffic Provide valuable information Suitable for small to large networks Industrial Switches Unmanaged and Managed Ruggedized Wide operating temperature range

23 Power over Ethernet PoE Standards 802.3af 15.4 watts (12.95w max. delivered) Class 0 Classification not implemented Class watts Class watts Class watts 802.3at (PoE+) 30 watts (25.5w max. delivered) Class watts High PoE Non-standardized, delivering more than 25.5 watts

24 Cat5e and Cat6 Layer 1 Cat5e & Cat6 100 meters or 328 feet Cat5e & Cat6 1Gbps wire speeds Cat5e & Cat6 10Gbps, 37m-55m Cat6a - 10Gbps wire speeds, 100 meters

25 T568A & T568B Termination Cable standards are set by TIA/EIA and pinouts are defined by IEEE 802.3u. WHITE & GREEN 1 GREEN 2 WHITE & ORANGE 3 BLUE 4 WHITE & BLUE 5 ORANGE 6 WHITE & BROWN 7 BROWN 8 TIA/EIA 568AWIRING WHITE &ORANGE1 ORANGE2 WHITE &GREEN3 BLUE 4 WHITE & BLUE 5 GREEN6 WHITE & BROWN 7 BROWN 8 TIA/EIA 568BWIRING

26 Parallel Networks We recommend the use of parallel networks whenever possible. We believe there are compelling reasons to keep IP security and business LANs separate. Benefits of Parallel Networking Greater security Easier troubleshooting Bandwidth is dedicated to the mission IT Department acceptance

27 Conclusion The IP network has become and will remain the platform of many present and future for security applications. Many security products leverage IP connectivity Alarm Panels Fire Panels Video Access Control Intercom With IP the greatest limit may be your imagination