Periods in Art History. Time Periods and Samples

Transcription

1 Periods in Art History Time Periods and Samples

2 Ancient Art Stone Age (30,000 b.c. Cave painting, fertility Lascaux Cave Painting, Ice Age ends (10,000 b.c b.c.) goddesses, megalithic Woman of Willendorf, 8,000 b.c.); New Stone Age structures Stonehenge and first permanent settlements (8000 b.c b.c.) Mesopotamian (3500 b.c. Warrior art and narration in Standard of Ur, Gate of Sumerians invent writing 539 b.c.) stone relief Ishtar, Stele of (3400 b.c.); Hammurabi Hammurabi's Code writes his law code (1780 b.c.); Abraham founds monotheism Egyptian (3100 b.c. 30 Art with an afterlife focus: Imhotep, Step Pyramid, Narmer unites Upper/Lower b.c.) pyramids and tomb painting Great Pyramids, Bust of Egypt (3100 b.c.); Nefertiti Rameses II battles the Hittites (1274 b.c.); Cleopatra dies (30 b.c.)

3 Ancient Art 2 Greek and Hellenistic (850 Greek idealism: balance, Parthenon, Myron, Phidias, Athens defeats Persia at b.c. 31 b.c.) perfect proportions; Polykleitos, Praxiteles Marathon (490 b.c.); architectural orders(doric, Peloponnesian Wars (431 Ionic, Corinthian) b.c. 404 b.c.); Alexander the Great's conquests (336 b.c. 323 b.c.) Roman (500 b.c. a.d. 476) Roman realism: practical Augustus of Primaporta, Julius Caesar assassinated and down to earth; the arch Colosseum, Trajan's (44 b.c.); Augustus Column, Pantheon proclaimed Emperor (27 b.c.); Diocletian splits Empire (a.d. 292); Rome falls (a.d. 476) Indian, Chinese, and Serene, meditative art, and Gu Kaizhi, Li Cheng, Guo Birth of Buddha (563 b.c.); Japanese(653 b.c. a.d. Arts of the Floating World Xi, Hokusai, Hiroshige Silk Road opens (1st 1900) century b.c.); Buddhism spreads to China (1st 2nd centuries a.d.) and Japan (5th century a.d.)

4 Ancient Art 3 Byzantine and Islamic (a.d. Heavenly Byzantine Hagia Sophia, Andrei Justinian partly restores 476 a.d.1453) mosaics; Islamic Rublev, Mosque of Western Roman Empire architecture and amazing Córdoba, the Alhambra (a.d. 533 a.d. 562); maze-like design Iconoclasm Controversy (a.d. 726 a.d. 843); Birth of Islam (a.d. 610) and Muslim Conquests (a.d. 632 a.d. 732) Middle Ages ( ) Celtic art, Carolingian St. Sernin, Durham Viking Raids ( ); Renaissance, Cathedral, Notre Dame, Battle of Hastings (1066); Romanesque, Gothic Chartres, Cimabue, Duccio, Crusades I IV (1095 Giotto 1204); Black Death ( ); Hundred Years' War ( )

5 Renaissance Early and High Rebirth of classical culture Ghiberti's Doors, Gutenberg invents movable Renaissance ( ) Brunelleschi, Donatello, type (1447); Turks conquer Botticelli, Leonardo, Constantinople (1453); Michelangelo, Raphael Columbus lands in New World (1492); Martin Luther starts Reformation (1517) Venetian and Northern The Renaissance spreads Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Council of Trent and Renaissance ( ) north- ward to France, the Dürer, Bruegel, Bosch, Jan Counter-Reformation Low Countries, Poland, van Eyck, Rogier van der ( ); Copernicus Germany, and England Weyden proves the Earth revolves around the Sun (1543

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7 Modern Art Mannerism ( ) Art that breaks the rules; Tintoretto, El Greco, Magellan circumnavigates artifice over nature Pontormo, Bronzino, Cellini the globe ( ) Baroque ( ) Splendor and flourish for Reubens, Rembrandt, Thirty Years' War between God; art as a weapon in Caravaggio, Palace of Catholics and Protestants the religious wars Versailles ( ) Neoclassical ( ) Art that recaptures Greco- David, Ingres, Greuze, Enlightenment (18th Roman grace and grandeur Canova century); Industrial Revolution ( ) Romanticism ( ) The triumph of imagination Caspar Friedrich, Gericault, American Revolution and individuality Delacroix, Turner, Benjamin ( ); French West Revolution ( ); Napoleon crowned emperor of France (1803) Realism ( ) Celebrating working class Corot, Courbet, Daumier, European democratic and peasants; en plein air Millet revolutions of 1848 rustic painting

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9 Modern Art Impressionism (1865 Capturing fleeting effects of Monet, Manet, Renoir, Franco-Prussian War 1885) natural light Pissarro, Cassatt, Morisot, ( ); Unification of Degas Germany (1871) Post-Impressionism (1885 A soft revolt against Van Gogh, Gauguin, Belle Époque (late-19th- 1910) Impressionism Cézanne, Seurat century Golden Age); Japan defeats Russia (1905) Fauvism and Harsh colors and flat Matisse, Kirchner, Boxer Rebellion in China Expressionism (1900 surfaces (Fauvism); Kandinsky, Marc (1900); World War ( ) emotion distorting form 1918)

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11 Modern Art Movments 2 Cubism, Futurism, Pre and Post World War Picasso, Braque, Leger, Russian Revolution (1917); Supremativism, 1 art experiments: new Boccioni, Severini, American women Constructivism, De Stijl forms to express modern Malevich franchised (1920) ( ) life Dada and Surrealism Ridiculous art; painting Duchamp, Dalí, Ernst, Disillusionment after World ( ) dreams and exploring the Magritte, de Chirico, Kahlo War I; The Great unconscious Depression ( ); World War II ( ) and Nazi horrors; atomic bombs dropped on Japan (1945)

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13 Post Modern Art Abstract Expressionism Post World War II: pure Gorky, Pollock, de Kooning, Cold War and Vietnam War (1940s 1950s) and Pop Art abstraction and expression Rothko, Warhol, (U.S. enters 1965); (1960s) without form; popular art Lichtenstein U.S.S.R. suppresses absorbs consumerism Hungarian revolt (1956) Czechoslovakian revolt (1968) Postmodernism and Art without a center and Gerhard Richter, Cindy Nuclear freeze movement; Deconstructivism (1970 ) reworking and mixing past Sherman, Anselm Kiefer, Cold War fizzles; styles Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid Communism collapses in Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R. ( )

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