Routing Protocols OSPF CHAPTER. The following topics describe supported routing protocols. Topics include OSPF, page 9-1 IS-IS Protocol, page 9-3

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1 CHAPTER 9 The following topics describe supported routing protocols. Topics include OSPF, page 9-1 IS-IS Protocol, page 9-3 OSPF Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link state Internet routing protocol. Link state protocols use a hello protocol to monitor their links with adjacent routers and to test the status of their links to their neighbors. Link state protocols advertise their directly connected networks and their active links. Each link state router captures the link state advertisements and puts them together to create a topology of the entire network or area. From this database, the router calculates a routing table by constructing a shortest path tree. Routes are recalculated when topology changes occur. OSPF divides networks into smaller regions, called areas. An area is a collection of networked end systems, routers, and transmission facilities organized by traffic patterns. Each OSPF area has a unique ID number, known as the area ID. Every OSPF network has one backbone area called area 0. All other OSPF areas must connect to area 0. Cisco ANA supports OSPFv1, OSPFv2, and OSPFv3. (OSPFv3 requires IPv6 support.) Cisco ANA supports OSPF attribute modeling, process, interface, and neighbor support. Table 9-1 shows the supported OSPF process, neighbor, and interface attributes. 9-1

2 OSPF Chapter 9 Table 9-1 Supported OSPF Process, Neighbor, and Interface Attributes Process Attributes Neighbor Attributes Interface Attributes Process ID Area ID Interface name Router ID SPF Timers (SPF schedule delay, minimum hold time and maximum wait time) Neighbor ID Neighbor interface address (IPv4 or IPv6 for OSPFv3) State Outgoing interface name IP address Area ID Priority Cost Status State Network type Designated router address Backup designated router address Table 9-2 shows the supported OSPF traps and syslogs. Table 9-2 Supported OSPF Traps and Syslogs Syslogs OSPF Adjacency Change (Neighbor state)- %OSPF-5-ADJCHG OSPFv3 Adjacency Change (Neighbor state) - %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG Traps OSPF Interface authentication failure OSPF Interface Bad Packet OSPF Interface Configuration Error OSPF Interface Packet Retransmit OSPF Interface State Changed OSPF LSA Reached Max Age OSPF Neighbor State Changed OSPF New LSA Originated OSPF Virtual interface Authentication Failed OSPF Virtual Interface Bad Packet OSPF Virtual Interface Configuration Error OSPF Virtual Interface Packet Retransmit OSPF Virtual Neighbor State Changed Supported service events include OSPF Neighbor Down. Cisco ANA supports correlation of OSPF Neighbor Down events to its root cause discovered through the correlation flow toward the neighbor's interface address IP (for example, Link Down, Interface down, and others). Cisco ANA supports correlation of OSPF related traps and syslogs to related OSPF service events, such as OSPF Neighbor Down. In Cisco ANA NetworkVision, the OSPF Processes logical inventory item (Figure 9-1) displays OSPF process information including SPF timers, OSPF neighbors, and OSPF interfaces. 9-2

3 Chapter 9 IS-IS Protocol Figure 9-1 OSPF Processes in NetworkVision OSPF Processes logical inventory items 3 SPF timers 2 OSPF process details 4 OSPF Neighbors tab IS-IS Protocol Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) is an OSI link-state hierarchical routing protocol that floods the network with link-state information to build a complete, consistent picture of a network topology. IS-IS distinguishes between Level 1 and Level 2 ISs. Level 1 ISs communicate with other Level 1 ISs in the same area. Level 2 ISs route between Level 1 areas and form an intradomain routing backbone. Level 1 ISs need to know only how to get to the nearest Level 2 IS. The backbone routing protocol can change without impacting the intra-area routing protocol. OSI routing begins when the ESs discover the nearest IS by listening to ISH packets. When an ES wants to send a packet to another ES, it sends the packet to one of the ISs on its directly attached network. The router then looks up the destination address and forwards the packet along the best route. If the destination ES is on the same subnetwork, the local IS knows this from listening to ESHs and forwards the packet appropriately. The IS also might provide a redirect (RD) message back to the source to tell it that a more direct route is available. If the destination address is an ES on another subnetwork in the same area, the IS knows the correct route and forwards the packet appropriately. If the destination address is an ES in another area, the Level 1 IS sends the packet to the nearest Level 2 IS. Forwarding through Level 2 ISs continues until the packet reaches a Level 2 IS in the destination area. Within the destination area, the ISs forward the packet along the best path until the destination ES is reached. 9-3

4 IS-IS Protocol Chapter 9 Link-state update messages help ISs learn about the network topology. Each IS generates an update specifying the ESs and ISs to which it is connected, as well as the associated metrics. The update is then sent to all neighboring ISs, which forward (flood) it to their neighbors, and so on. (Sequence numbers terminate the flood and distinguish old updates from new ones.) Using these updates, each IS can build a complete topology of the network. When the topology changes, new updates are sent. IS-IS uses a single required default metric with a maximum path value of The metric is arbitrary and typically is assigned by a network administrator. Any single link can have a maximum value of 64, and path links are calculated by summing link values. Maximum metric values were set at these levels to provide the granularity to support various link types while at the same time ensuring that the shortest-path algorithm used for route computation is reasonably efficient. IS-IS maintains a mapping of the metrics to the quality of service (QoS) option in the CLNP packet header. IS-IS uses the mappings to compute routes through the internetwork. Cisco ANA supports IS-IS for the following devices: Cisco IOS Cisco 7600 Cisco IOS XR Cisco CRS-1, CRS-3, and Cisco ASR 9000 Supported IS-IS process attributes include: Process ID System ID Type (Level 1, Level 2, or Level 1 and 2) Manual Area Address Metric (narrow, wide, transient). Supported IS-IS neighbor attributes include: System Id Type (Level 1, Level 2 or Level 1 and 2) IP Address IS-S interface SNPA Administration State Hold time Supported protocol In Cisco ANA NetworkVision, IS-IS is displayed in the NetworkVision logical inventory. Each IS-IS system includes the IS-IS-system metrics, interfaces, and neighbors. Figure 9-2 shows the IS-IS network information displayed in the NetworkVision logical inventory. 9-4

5 Chapter 9 IS-IS Protocol Figure 9-2 IS-IS Networks in NetworkVision IS-IS logical inventory item 3 IS-IS Interfaces tab 2 IS-IS Metrics tab 4 IS-IS Neighbors tab 9-5

6 IS-IS Protocol Chapter 9 9-6