Measuring the effectiveness of testing using DDP
|
|
- Hector Bond
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Measuring the effectiveness of testing using Prepared and presented by Dorothy Graham 1 Contents introduction: some questions for you what is and how to calculate it case studies uses, abuses, common concerns and advice 2
2 Questions you may be asked How good is the testing anyway? Can you prove you are doing a good job? Your testing can still be just as good in less time, can t it? (That deadline pressure really didn t matter, did it?) How many bugs have we missed? Is the testing any better for this release? (Have we learned anything?) (Have we really improved our testing?) Are we better or worse in our testing compared compared to how to other we were groups/organizations? last time / last year? 3 : what you need to have do you keep track of defects? defects found in testing different test stages, e.g. system test, user acceptance test different releases e.g. testing for an incremental release in RAD defects found in live running reported by users / customers can you find these numbers from a previous project and your current project? do you have a reasonable number of defects found? if so, you can use to measure your test effectiveness 4
3 Useful measures a useful measure: supports effective analysis and decision making, and that can be obtained relatively easily. Bill Hetzel, Making Software Measurement Work, QED, easy measures may be more useful even though less accurate (e.g. car fuel economy) useful depends on objectives, i.e. what you want to know 5 Contents introduction: some questions for you what is and how to calculate it case studies uses, abuses, common concerns and advice 6
4 How effective are we at finding defects? defects found in testing or defects found testing defects found in testing defects found wards not found -yet start release benchmark point 7 Defect Detection Percentage () defects found by this testing total defects including those found wards "this" testing could be a test stage, e.g. component, integration, acceptance, regression, etc. testing for a function, subsystem or defect type all testing for a system testing of a sprint or increment Note: Capers Jones Defect Removal Efficiency?? not removal but detection - not efficiency but effectiveness 8
5 Effectiveness at finding defects defects found release time 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% defects found in testing: defects found testing: total defects found: 50 = = % 9 example testing live running live % = = = % 10
6 Exercise 1 Exercise 1 The following data has been recorded for a project. Calculate the of each testing stage based on all the defect information. Fault Information Testing stage Official testing module and integration Tool testing & development Number of faults 299 = = = % 40 = = = % Release testing 19 = = = % User Acceptance test 10 = = = % Pilot 9 = = = % Running ( one month) 20 Hint: you don t really need a calculator just round the numbers to the nearest 10 and you will be close enough! Defects found in this stage of testing = Defects found in this and all subsequent stages of testing Dorothy Graham Page 1 of 2
7 Exercise 1 Exercise 1 Solution: Calculation Testing stage No. faults 1) Official testing module and integration % 300 / 400 2) Tool testing & development 40 40% 40 / 100 3) Release testing 19 33% 20 / 60 4) User Acceptance test 10 25% 10 / 40 5) Pilot 9 33% (or 31%) 10 / 30 ( 9 / 29) 6) Running ( one month) 20 n/a How did we get these figures? Remember = Defects found in testing / all subsequent defects Stage 1 Official testing Test stage 1 found approximately 300 defects this is the numerator (top) The sum of all the subsequent stages is = (rounded up) (rounded up) + 20 = 100 So the denominator (bottom of the equation) is = 400 for Stage 1 is therefore 300/400 or 75% Stage 2 Tool testing Test stage 2 found 40 defects this is the numerator (top) The sum of all the subsequent stages is = 20 (rounded up) (rounded up) + 20 = 60 So the denominator (bottom of the equation) is = 100 for Stage 2 is therefore 40/100 = 40% Stage 3 Release testing Test stage 3 found 19 defects (round up to 20) this is the numerator (top) The sum of all the subsequent stages is = (rounded up) + 20 = 40 So the denominator (bottom of the equation) is = 60 for Stage 3 is therefore 20/60 = 33% Stage 4 User Acceptance test Test stage 4 found 10 defects this is the numerator (top) The sum of all the subsequent stages is = 10 (rounded up) + 20 = 30 (29 to be exact) So the denominator (bottom of the equation) is = 40 for Stage 4 is therefore 10/40 = 25% Stage 5 Pilot Test stage 5 found 9 defects (round up to 10) this is the numerator (top) The sum of all the subsequent stages is = 20 (the only remaining stage is live running) So the denominator (bottom of the equation) is = 30 for Stage 4 is therefore 10/30 = 33% (31% if you calculate 9/29) There is no for live running, since the live running total goes into the calculation of all the previous s. Dorothy Graham Page 2 of 2
8 example: ST UAT ST UAT ST UAT ST UAT All test % = 100 = 100 = % example: ST ST UAT ST UAT ST UAT All test % 40% = 100 = 100 = % 14 14
9 example: UAT ST UAT ST UAT ST UAT All test % 40% 33% = 50 = 50 = % example: all test ST UAT ST UAT ST UAT All test % 40% 33% 60% = = 150 = % 16 16
10 Exercise 2 Exercise 2 The following data has been recorded for a project. Calculate the in the columns on the right. The first one has been done as an example. (A calculator may be useful for some of these your mobile phone has one!) Fault Information Release System Test User Acceptance Test running (1 month) ST UAT ST LR UAT LR All test LR Release % 40% 33% 60% Release Release Release How did we get these figures? Release 1 ST UAT: 100 / ( ) = 100 / 150 = 67% ST LR: 100 / ( ) = 100 / 250 = 40% UAT LR: 50 / ( ) = 50 / 150 = 33% (Remember not to include the ST defects here) All test LR: ( ) / ( ) = 150 / 250 = 60% Dorothy Graham www. DorothyGraham.co.uk Page 1 of 2
11 Exercise 2 Exercise 2 Solution: Calculations Release System Test User Acceptance Test running (1 month) ST UAT ST LR UAT LR All test LR Release % 40% 33% 60% Release % 71% 83% 95% Release % 67% 50% 83% Release % 25% 17% 38% How did we get these figures? Release 2 ST UAT: 150 / ( ) = 150 / 200 = 75% ST LR: 150 / ( ) = 150 / 210 = 71% UAT LR: 50 / ( ) = 50 / 60 = 83% All test LR: ( ) / ( ) = 200 / 210 = 95% Release 3 ST UAT: 200 / ) = 200 / 250 = 80% ST LR: 200 / ( ) = 200 / 300 = 67% UAT LR: 50 / ( ) = 50 / 100 = 50% All test LR: ( ) / ( ) = 250 / 300 = 83% Release 4 ST UAT: 50 / ( ) = 50 / 75 = 67% ST LR: 50 / ( ) = 50 / 200 = 25% UAT LR: 25 / ( ) = 25 / 150 = 17% All test LR: ( ) / ( ) = 75 / 200 = 38% Dorothy Graham www. DorothyGraham.co.uk Page 2 of 2
12 in iterative development 40 new sprint/release of Sprint 1 S of Sprint 2 S = 40 = 80 % 50 of Sprint 1 S3 = = 73 % = = 58 % 17 Contents introduction: some questions for you what is and how to calculate it case studies uses, abuses, common concerns and advice 18
13 Case studies from clients 1 mo year 1 70% year 2 92% 10 mo 50% est Finance (insurance) System Test Group = 38% (before performance testing) Priority 1 & 2 only: = 31% Operating system 23% to 87% by application Defects: 1 / / 200 Scientific software (chemical analysis) Not useful for low numbers of defects 19 Summary for AP Europe 20
14 Information Technology Conclusions UAT more variable than ST mainly personnel Target zone for ST : 75-90% Factors behind the figures size, complexity, tester experience, time, documentation whether UAT started before ST was finished where on the S-curve when stopped Figures don t tell you cost, severity of those you missed cost of finding 30 stopped here? or here? /12/01 08/12/01 09/12/01 10/12/01 11/12/01 12/12/01 13/12/01 14/12/ Summary for AP Europe Project or App. Months Status Comments Before New Testing Process S4 50% ESTIMATED After New Testing Process R1 3 81% FINAL Major re-engineering LBS 4 91% FINAL CP 7 100% FINAL Reporting System DS 3 95% FINAL APC 4 93% FINAL ELCS 4 95% FINAL Eur impl. of US system SMS 3 96% FINAL Enhancement Release C 4 96% FINAL E7 (US) 5 83% FINAL Global Enhancements E7 (Eur) 1 97% Global Enhancements Source: Stuart Compton, Air Products plc 22
15 Rolling Software Testing Defect Detection Percentage Measure (rolling quarterly produced values looking back four quarters) Period under review # Projects Analysed Target Defects in Testing Total Defects Prod'n Bugs Historical Estimate n/a 50 Rolling 1 Qtrs to Q1 Y1 2 n/a Rolling 2 Qtrs to Q2 Y1 1 n/a Rolling 3 Qtrs to Q3 Y1 1 n/a Rolling 4 Qtrs to Q4 Y1 2 n/a Rolling 4 Qtrs to Q1 Y Rolling 4 Qtrs to Q2 Y Rolling 4 Qtrs to Q3 Y Rolling 4 Qtrs to Q4Y Rolling 4 Qtrs to Q1 Y3 90? Rolling 4 Qtrs to Q2 Y3 90? Rolling 4 Qtrs to Q3 Y3 90? Rolling 4 Qtrs to Q4 Y3 90? Source: Stuart Compton, Air Products plc 23 Anonymous client all systems history of this ST UAT ST UAT ST LR UAT LR All LR Extreme % 31% 92% 95% Ultimate % 30% 85% 90% Professional % 40% 89% 94% Realistic % Idiotic % 64% 96% 98% Total % 36% 92% 95% 24
16 Anonymous client (telecoms) % 98.00% not yet stable decline why? Test Rel defects running % 96.00% % 94.00% % % 92.00% % 90.00% test process improvement % 88.00% % % Release % 25 Contents introduction: some questions for you what is and how to calculate it case studies uses, abuses, common concerns and advice 26
17 benefits can highlight test process improvements the effect of severe deadline pressure the impact of overlapping test phases can raise the profile of testing can help predict future defect levels is applicable over different projects reflects testing process in general can give on-going monitoring of testing 27 Uses of when you know test & production defects calculate to monitor the effectiveness of testing in finding defects for different test stages (e.g. ST, UAT) in different releases when you know your prediction: once you know your typical predict the number of production defects (e.g. when software is released) NOTE: not an exact science, but useful to set expectations! 28
18 Prediction of production defects Defects found so far 66% 20 50% 20 80% 20 Predicted defects not found yet Abuses of monitoring individuals or too small a group or timeframe using only other metrics are also important blame the testers if is low prediction only an indication take it with a grain of salt distorted reporting e.g. testers report the same defect 10 times don t report that, it ll make me look bad 30
19 When NOT to use when you don t have many defects in test or in production (i.e. very high quality software) your defect tracking is immature, purely subjective, untrustworthy, or non-existent the software products you produce are never used by anyone (no live running) it doesn t matter how many defects are in them it is impossible to get data on defects found in live running (difficult is OK!) you re not interested in improving 31 What does it mean? is very high ( > 95%) testing is very good? system not been used much yet? next stage of testing was very poor? e.g. ST looks good but UAT was poor, ST UAT is high but live running will find many defects! is low (< 60%) testing is poor? requirements were very poor, affecting tests? poor quality software (too many to find in the time)? deadline pressure testing was squeezed? 32
20 Options for measuring what to measure simplest: all test defects / all defects so far by severity level how "deep" to go? deeper levels give more detailed information deeper levels more complex to measure advice: start simple simple information is much better than none learn from what information you have 33 Technical aspects what time frame for defects found in live? this is arbitrary / whatever makes sense for you many people use 1 month, some use 3 or 6 months can I measure of different test stages? any stage where you have defects that came wards but don t measure individual people!! can I use in agile development? yes: choices accumulate, or measure until next release what if different defect tracking systems? ok to combine if consistently recorded 34
21 Accuracy of defect data most common stumbling block what about duplicates? what about enhancement requests? what if some aren t really defects? the same answer always applies it doesn t matter how you do it as long as you do it the same way each time! most useful aspect of trends, changes over time and why 35 The technical person s trap we re testers we can see all the problems! you may think of lots of problems with this metric yes, (as any measure) can be mis-used but that doesn t mean it can t be useful take the high level view, warts and all, computed simply and consistently, can help you monitor your testing processes and show the effects of both good and bad things 36
22 How to start using suggested first step calculate for a release that is now live what to measure first? most people start with System Test consider looking at highest severity only to start or two s, one for high severity, one for all defects getting data from live running if you don t normally have live defect data, ask for it data collection & calculation should be easy / automatic get your test management tool or defect tracking tool to calculate it for you automatically 37 Summary: key points requires counts of defects but does not need great accuracy is a useful measure easy to calculate based on defect data you probably already have can tell you how effective your testing efforts are and how other things affect it - discussion about 38
Pre-Algebra Lecture 6
Pre-Algebra Lecture 6 Today we will discuss Decimals and Percentages. Outline: 1. Decimals 2. Ordering Decimals 3. Rounding Decimals 4. Adding and subtracting Decimals 5. Multiplying and Dividing Decimals
More informationUnit 1 Number Sense. In this unit, students will study repeating decimals, percents, fractions, decimals, and proportions.
Unit 1 Number Sense In this unit, students will study repeating decimals, percents, fractions, decimals, and proportions. BLM Three Types of Percent Problems (p L-34) is a summary BLM for the material
More information2.2 Derivative as a Function
2.2 Derivative as a Function Recall that we defined the derivative as f (a) = lim h 0 f(a + h) f(a) h But since a is really just an arbitrary number that represents an x-value, why don t we just use x
More informationRelative and Absolute Change Percentages
Relative and Absolute Change Percentages Ethan D. Bolker Maura M. Mast September 6, 2007 Plan Use the credit card solicitation data to address the question of measuring change. Subtraction comes naturally.
More informationUnit 7 The Number System: Multiplying and Dividing Integers
Unit 7 The Number System: Multiplying and Dividing Integers Introduction In this unit, students will multiply and divide integers, and multiply positive and negative fractions by integers. Students will
More informationAligning Correct and Realistic Performance Testing with the Agile Development Process
Aligning Correct and Realistic Performance Testing with the Agile Development Process SIGIST Winter 2011 Conference Graham Parsons CEO, Reflective Solutions Overview Introduction A major risk for Agile
More informationSelling Agile to the CFO: A Guide for Development Teams
Selling Agile to the CFO: A Guide for Development Teams You ve learned about agile development, or perhaps you have even worked in an agile organization and have now moved to a traditional one. You re
More informationMultiplying Fractions
. Multiplying Fractions. OBJECTIVES 1. Multiply two fractions. Multiply two mixed numbers. Simplify before multiplying fractions 4. Estimate products by rounding Multiplication is the easiest of the four
More informationSP500 September 2011 Outlook
SP500 September 2011 Outlook This document is designed to provide the trader and investor of the Standard and Poor s 500 with an overview of the seasonal tendency as well as the current cyclic pattern
More informationFractions. If the top and bottom numbers of a fraction are the same then you have a whole one.
What do fractions mean? Fractions Academic Skills Advice Look at the bottom of the fraction first this tells you how many pieces the shape (or number) has been cut into. Then look at the top of the fraction
More informationThis Unit: Floating Point Arithmetic. CIS 371 Computer Organization and Design. Readings. Floating Point (FP) Numbers
This Unit: Floating Point Arithmetic CIS 371 Computer Organization and Design Unit 7: Floating Point App App App System software Mem CPU I/O Formats Precision and range IEEE 754 standard Operations Addition
More informationNF5-12 Flexibility with Equivalent Fractions and Pages 110 112
NF5- Flexibility with Equivalent Fractions and Pages 0 Lowest Terms STANDARDS preparation for 5.NF.A., 5.NF.A. Goals Students will equivalent fractions using division and reduce fractions to lowest terms.
More informationScan Physical Inventory
Scan Physical Inventory There are 2 ways to do Inventory: #1 Count everything in inventory, usually done once a quarter #2 Count in cycles per area or category. This is a little easier and usually takes
More informationNPV Versus IRR. W.L. Silber -1000 0 0 +300 +600 +900. We know that if the cost of capital is 18 percent we reject the project because the NPV
NPV Versus IRR W.L. Silber I. Our favorite project A has the following cash flows: -1 + +6 +9 1 2 We know that if the cost of capital is 18 percent we reject the project because the net present value is
More informationEquations, Lenses and Fractions
46 Equations, Lenses and Fractions The study of lenses offers a good real world example of a relation with fractions we just can t avoid! Different uses of a simple lens that you may be familiar with are
More informationSocial network downtime in 2008 February 2009
Social network downtime in 2008 February 2009 This is a survey of the 2008 website availability (uptime) of 15 of the world s largest social networks. It includes analysis of the accumulated downtime of
More informationSession 7 Fractions and Decimals
Key Terms in This Session Session 7 Fractions and Decimals Previously Introduced prime number rational numbers New in This Session period repeating decimal terminating decimal Introduction In this session,
More informationPractical Metrics for Managing and Improving Software Testing
Practical Metrics for Managing and Improving Software Testing Presented By: Shaun Bradshaw shaun.bradshaw@zenergytechnologies.com Slide 1 Part 1 Test Metrics Ten key metrics testers should track One bonus
More informationAgile QA Process. Anand Bagmar Anand.Bagmar@thoughtworks.com abagmar@gmail.com http://www.essenceoftesting.blogspot.com. Version 1.
Agile QA Process Anand Bagmar Anand.Bagmar@thoughtworks.com abagmar@gmail.com http://www.essenceoftesting.blogspot.com Version 1.1 Agile QA Process 1 / 12 1. Objective QA is NOT the gatekeeper of the quality
More informationA Simple Guide to Churn Analysis
A Simple Guide to Churn Analysis A Publication by Evergage Introduction Thank you for downloading A Simple Guide to Churn Analysis. The goal of this guide is to make analyzing churn easy, meaning you wont
More informationAlternative approaches Agile processes
Alternative approaches Agile processes Revision PA1 Q Template 6.0 Approved NN Date 1 September 2000 Sesam Stockholm, 021023 Even-André Karlsson Doc. number LD/QLS 00:0001 Agenda Q-Labs and personal background
More informationStatistical Process Control (SPC) Training Guide
Statistical Process Control (SPC) Training Guide Rev X05, 09/2013 What is data? Data is factual information (as measurements or statistics) used as a basic for reasoning, discussion or calculation. (Merriam-Webster
More informationDecimals and other fractions
Chapter 2 Decimals and other fractions How to deal with the bits and pieces When drugs come from the manufacturer they are in doses to suit most adult patients. However, many of your patients will be very
More information3 Steps to an Effective Retrospective December 2012
3 Steps to an Effective Retrospective December 2012 REVAMPING YOUR RETROSPECTIVE Scrum is a simple framework that includes some specific roles, artifacts and meetings. Scrum teams often implement the Daily
More informationIntegrating gsix Sigma THINKING into Scrum-Based. Darian Rashid Agile Trainer and Coach darian@agileethos.com
Integrating gsix Sigma THINKING into Scrum-Based Development Environments Darian Rashid Agile Trainer and Coach darian@agileethos.com Lean Six Sigma THINKING in Software Development What is Six Sigma Thinking
More informationQA or the Highway 2016 Presentation Notes
QA or the Highway 2016 Presentation Notes Making QA Strategic Let s Get Real (Panel Discussion) Does testing belong at the strategic table? What is that strategic value that testing provides? Conquering
More informationLinear Programming Notes VII Sensitivity Analysis
Linear Programming Notes VII Sensitivity Analysis 1 Introduction When you use a mathematical model to describe reality you must make approximations. The world is more complicated than the kinds of optimization
More informationQuality Meets the CEO
Quality Meets the CEO Jeffery E. Payne jepayn@rstcorp.com Reliable Software Technologies Corporate management does not care about quality. This is the cold, hard reality of the software world. Management
More informationMutual Fund Expense Information on Quarterly Shareholder Statements
June 2005 Mutual Fund Expense Information on Quarterly Shareholder Statements You may have noticed that beginning with your March 31 quarterly statement from AllianceBernstein, two new sections have been
More informationcase study Coverity Maintains Software Integrity of Sun Microsystems Award-Winning Storage Products
case study Coverity Maintains Software Integrity of Sun Microsystems Award-Winning Storage Products 25% of the defects identified by Coverity would have stalled a product launch and delayed time to market
More informationAdopting Agile Testing
Adopting Agile Testing A Borland Agile Testing White Paper August 2012 Executive Summary More and more companies are adopting Agile methods as a flexible way to introduce new software products. An important
More informationElaboration of Scrum Burndown Charts.
. Combining Control and Burndown Charts and Related Elements Discussion Document By Mark Crowther, Empirical Pragmatic Tester Introduction When following the Scrum approach a tool frequently used is the
More informationProcess Streamlining. Whitepapers. Written by A Hall Operations Director. Origins
Whitepapers Process Streamlining Written by A Hall Operations Director So, your processes are established and stable, but are clearly inefficient and you are not meeting your performance expectations.
More informationThe 5 P s in Problem Solving *prob lem: a source of perplexity, distress, or vexation. *solve: to find a solution, explanation, or answer for
The 5 P s in Problem Solving 1 How do other people solve problems? The 5 P s in Problem Solving *prob lem: a source of perplexity, distress, or vexation *solve: to find a solution, explanation, or answer
More informationApplied Software Project Management
Applied Software Project Management Introduction http://www.stellman-greene.com 1 Why do software projects fail? People begin programming before they understand the problem Everyone likes to feel that
More informationYears after 2000. US Student to Teacher Ratio 0 16.048 1 15.893 2 15.900 3 15.900 4 15.800 5 15.657 6 15.540
To complete this technology assignment, you should already have created a scatter plot for your data on your calculator and/or in Excel. You could do this with any two columns of data, but for demonstration
More informationA positive exponent means repeated multiplication. A negative exponent means the opposite of repeated multiplication, which is repeated
Eponents Dealing with positive and negative eponents and simplifying epressions dealing with them is simply a matter of remembering what the definition of an eponent is. division. A positive eponent means
More informationThis guide has been written to support reviewers in writing SMART objectives within the SRDS framework. These guidelines cover the following.
A BRIEF GUIDE TO SETTING SMART OBJECTIVES This guide has been written to support reviewers in writing SMART objectives within the SRDS framework. These guidelines cover the following. 1. Why set objectives
More informationPartial Fractions. (x 1)(x 2 + 1)
Partial Fractions Adding rational functions involves finding a common denominator, rewriting each fraction so that it has that denominator, then adding. For example, 3x x 1 3x(x 1) (x + 1)(x 1) + 1(x +
More informationTesting, What is it Good For? Absolutely Everything!
Testing, What is it Good For? Absolutely Everything! An overview of software testing and why it s an essential step in building a good product Beth Schechner Elementool The content of this ebook is provided
More informationA PARENT S GUIDE TO CPS and the COURTS. How it works and how you can put things back on track
A PARENT S GUIDE TO CPS and the COURTS How it works and how you can put things back on track HOW YOU CAN USE THIS HANDBOOK We hope that this handbook will be easy for you to use. You can either read through
More informationPrice Theory Lecture 4: Production & Cost
Price Theory Lecture 4: Production & Cost Now that we ve explained the demand side of the market, our goal is to develop a greater understanding of the supply side. Ultimately, we want to use a theory
More information3. Mathematical Induction
3. MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 83 3. Mathematical Induction 3.1. First Principle of Mathematical Induction. Let P (n) be a predicate with domain of discourse (over) the natural numbers N = {0, 1,,...}. If (1)
More informationDesign a Line Maze Solving Robot
Design a Line Maze Solving Robot Teaching a Robot to Solve a Line Maze By Richard T. Vannoy II April 2009 RoboticsProfessor@gmail.com Please email me at the address above if you have questions or comments.
More informationManaging Agile Projects in TestTrack GUIDE
Managing Agile Projects in TestTrack GUIDE Table of Contents Introduction...1 Automatic Traceability...2 Setting Up TestTrack for Agile...6 Plan Your Folder Structure... 10 Building Your Product Backlog...
More informationMOBILE SUCCESS STRATEGIES
7 MOBILE SUCCESS STRATEGIES FOR SALES / SERVICE TEAMS 2014 imason inc. CONTENTS 7 Mobile Success Strategies! The Mobile Explosion in Field Sales & Service 1 Have 2 Make 3 Make 4 Have 5 Allow 6 Make 7 Establish
More informationEXIN Agile Scrum Foundation. Sample Exam
EXIN Agile Scrum Foundation Sample Exam Edition June 2016 Copyright 2016 EXIN All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be published, reproduced, copied or stored in a data processing system
More information7 Gaussian Elimination and LU Factorization
7 Gaussian Elimination and LU Factorization In this final section on matrix factorization methods for solving Ax = b we want to take a closer look at Gaussian elimination (probably the best known method
More informationOA3-10 Patterns in Addition Tables
OA3-10 Patterns in Addition Tables Pages 60 63 Standards: 3.OA.D.9 Goals: Students will identify and describe various patterns in addition tables. Prior Knowledge Required: Can add two numbers within 20
More informationThe aerodynamic center
The aerodynamic center In this chapter, we re going to focus on the aerodynamic center, and its effect on the moment coefficient C m. 1 Force and moment coefficients 1.1 Aerodynamic forces Let s investigate
More informationInterview with David Bouthiette [at AMHI 3 times] September 4, 2003. Interviewer: Karen Evans
Interview with David Bouthiette [at AMHI 3 times] September 4, 2003 Interviewer: Karen Evans KE: What we are going to talk about first are your experiences while you were at AMHI, and then we will go on
More informationAgile processes. Extreme Programming, an agile software development process
Agile processes Extreme Programming, an agile software development process Nigel Goddard School of Informatics University of Edinburgh What the spiral models were reaching towards was that software development
More informationFaster, Easier and Cheaper Software Development: Is It Possible?
Faster, Easier and Cheaper Software Development: Is It Possible? Using Application Lifecycle Management to improve your software development process By Beth Schechner Elementool The content of this ebook
More informationIntroduction to Fractions
Section 0.6 Contents: Vocabulary of Fractions A Fraction as division Undefined Values First Rules of Fractions Equivalent Fractions Building Up Fractions VOCABULARY OF FRACTIONS Simplifying Fractions Multiplying
More informationElementary circuits. Resources and methods for learning about these subjects (list a few here, in preparation for your research):
Elementary circuits This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationWhen To Work Scheduling Program
When To Work Scheduling Program You should receive your login information by the second week of May. Please login and follow the instructions included in this packet. You will be scheduled based upon the
More information0.8 Rational Expressions and Equations
96 Prerequisites 0.8 Rational Expressions and Equations We now turn our attention to rational expressions - that is, algebraic fractions - and equations which contain them. The reader is encouraged to
More informationph. Weak acids. A. Introduction
ph. Weak acids. A. Introduction... 1 B. Weak acids: overview... 1 C. Weak acids: an example; finding K a... 2 D. Given K a, calculate ph... 3 E. A variety of weak acids... 5 F. So where do strong acids
More informationManaging Your Class. Managing Users
13 Managing Your Class Now that we ve covered all the learning tools in Moodle, we ll look at some of the administrative functions that are necessary to keep your course and students organized. This chapter
More informationClub Accounts. 2011 Question 6.
Club Accounts. 2011 Question 6. Anyone familiar with Farm Accounts or Service Firms (notes for both topics are back on the webpage you found this on), will have no trouble with Club Accounts. Essentially
More informationTesting in Agile methodologies easier or more difficult?
Testing in Agile methodologies easier or more difficult? Lucjan Stapp Warsaw University of Technology Stowarzyszenie Jakości Systemów Informatycznych L.Stapp@mini.pw.edu.pl L.Stapp@sjsi.org Professor in
More informationPrice cutting. What you need to know to keep your business healthy. Distributor Economics Series
Price cutting What you need to know to keep your business healthy. 3 Distributor Economics Series Pricing versus smart pricing Pricing to make a profit is the most important way to build a strong, healthy
More informationOA4-13 Rounding on a Number Line Pages 80 81
OA4-13 Rounding on a Number Line Pages 80 81 STANDARDS 3.NBT.A.1, 4.NBT.A.3 Goals Students will round to the closest ten, except when the number is exactly halfway between a multiple of ten. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
More informationAgile version control with multiple teams
Taking the pain out of branching & merging henrik.kniberg crisp.se Version 1.2, 2008-04-04 Introduction... 2 Purpose of this paper... 2 Who is this paper for?... 2 Disclaimer... 2 Goals... 2 Single page
More informationTest Plan Template (IEEE 829-1998 Format)
Test Plan Template (IEEE 829-1998 Format) Test Plan Identifier Some type of unique company generated number to identify this test plan, its level and the level of software that it is related to. Preferably
More informationUpdates to Graphing with Excel
Updates to Graphing with Excel NCC has recently upgraded to a new version of the Microsoft Office suite of programs. As such, many of the directions in the Biology Student Handbook for how to graph with
More informationChapter Two. THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY Conventions & Definitions
Chapter Two THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY Conventions & Definitions Introduction Now, we are going to learn one of the most important topics in finance, that is, the time value of money. Note that almost every
More informationThe Top FIVE Metrics. For Revenue Generation Marketers
The Top FIVE Metrics For Revenue Generation Marketers Introduction It s an old cliché but true: you manage what you measure. One implication is that when a business changes, measures should change as well.
More informationFORECASTING. Operations Management
2013 FORECASTING Brad Fink CIT 492 Operations Management Executive Summary Woodlawn hospital needs to forecast type A blood so there is no shortage for the week of 12 October, to correctly forecast, a
More informationBrillig Systems Making Projects Successful
Metrics for Successful Automation Project Management Most automation engineers spend their days controlling manufacturing processes, but spend little or no time controlling their project schedule and budget.
More informationAPPENDIX. Interest Concepts of Future and Present Value. Concept of Interest TIME VALUE OF MONEY BASIC INTEREST CONCEPTS
CHAPTER 8 Current Monetary Balances 395 APPENDIX Interest Concepts of Future and Present Value TIME VALUE OF MONEY In general business terms, interest is defined as the cost of using money over time. Economists
More informationSunny Hills Math Club Decimal Numbers Lesson 4
Are you tired of finding common denominators to add fractions? Are you tired of converting mixed fractions into improper fractions, just to multiply and convert them back? Are you tired of reducing fractions
More informationQUALITY TOOLBOX. Understanding Processes with Hierarchical Process Mapping. Robert B. Pojasek. Why Process Mapping?
QUALITY TOOLBOX Understanding Processes with Hierarchical Process Mapping In my work, I spend a lot of time talking to people about hierarchical process mapping. It strikes me as funny that whenever I
More informationExperience, Not Metrics
Part 7: Consolidating Test Results User Experience, Not Metrics by: R. Scott Barber You ve been running this test for weeks and sending me charts almost every day, but what does it all mean?!? If your
More informationExcel Formatting: Best Practices in Financial Models
Excel Formatting: Best Practices in Financial Models Properly formatting your Excel models is important because it makes it easier for others to read and understand your analysis and for you to read and
More informationAdjust MS Project default settings to meet the needs of your project. Loading Analysis is an iterative process. Where are you overloaded?
Resource Loading: who and/or what needed where and when. Adjust MS Project default settings to meet the needs of your project. Loading Analysis is an iterative process. Where are you overloaded? Resource
More informationStepwise Regression. Chapter 311. Introduction. Variable Selection Procedures. Forward (Step-Up) Selection
Chapter 311 Introduction Often, theory and experience give only general direction as to which of a pool of candidate variables (including transformed variables) should be included in the regression model.
More informationUsing Formulas, Functions, and Data Analysis Tools Excel 2010 Tutorial
Using Formulas, Functions, and Data Analysis Tools Excel 2010 Tutorial Excel file for use with this tutorial Tutor1Data.xlsx File Location http://faculty.ung.edu/kmelton/data/tutor1data.xlsx Introduction:
More informationDeep Agile Blending Scrum and Extreme Programming. Jeff Sutherland Ron Jeffries
Deep Agile Blending Scrum and Extreme Programming Jeff Sutherland Ron Jeffries Separation of XP and Scrum Methods * Largely Historical * XP chose to write more down * XP programmer focus * Successful Scrum
More informationGMAT SYLLABI. Types of Assignments - 1 -
GMAT SYLLABI The syllabi on the following pages list the math and verbal assignments for each class. Your homework assignments depend on your current math and verbal scores. Be sure to read How to Use
More informationIB Maths SL Sequence and Series Practice Problems Mr. W Name
IB Maths SL Sequence and Series Practice Problems Mr. W Name Remember to show all necessary reasoning! Separate paper is probably best. 3b 3d is optional! 1. In an arithmetic sequence, u 1 = and u 3 =
More informationWhat is Organizational Communication?
What is Organizational Communication? By Matt Koschmann Department of Communication University of Colorado Boulder 2012 So what is organizational communication? And what are we doing when we study organizational
More informationThe Dangers of Use Cases Employed as Test Cases
The Dangers of Use Cases Employed as Test Cases Bernie Berger This document is intended to provide background support and additional information to the slide presentation at STARWest 2001. I don t consider
More informationScrumMasters Considered Harmful
ScrumMasters Considered Harmful Where Did It Go Wrong? Paul Hodgetts, Agile Logic, www.agilelogic.com In computer science and related disciplines, considered harmful is a phrase popularly used in the titles
More informationClient Marketing: Sets
Client Marketing Client Marketing: Sets Purpose Client Marketing Sets are used for selecting clients from the client records based on certain criteria you designate. Once the clients are selected, you
More informationUnderstanding Options: Calls and Puts
2 Understanding Options: Calls and Puts Important: in their simplest forms, options trades sound like, and are, very high risk investments. If reading about options makes you think they are too risky for
More informationPristine s Day Trading Journal...with Strategy Tester and Curve Generator
Pristine s Day Trading Journal...with Strategy Tester and Curve Generator User Guide Important Note: Pristine s Day Trading Journal uses macros in an excel file. Macros are an embedded computer code within
More informationAgile Methods for Analysis
Agile Methods for Analysis Lightweight Concepts for Team-Based Projects Sebastian Neubert CERN PH-LBD Sebastian Neubert Agile Analysis 1/22 Introduction: Data Analysis as a Continuous Improvement Loop
More informationCALCULATIONS & STATISTICS
CALCULATIONS & STATISTICS CALCULATION OF SCORES Conversion of 1-5 scale to 0-100 scores When you look at your report, you will notice that the scores are reported on a 0-100 scale, even though respondents
More informationEuler s Method and Functions
Chapter 3 Euler s Method and Functions The simplest method for approximately solving a differential equation is Euler s method. One starts with a particular initial value problem of the form dx dt = f(t,
More informationTeachingEnglish Lesson plans
Worksheets Meetings (1): Getting down to business Reading: Text 1 Let s stop wasting time and get on with it! TeachingEnglish Lesson plans Did you know you can download a clock from the internet to calculate
More informationEverything you wanted to know about using Hexadecimal and Octal Numbers in Visual Basic 6
Everything you wanted to know about using Hexadecimal and Octal Numbers in Visual Basic 6 Number Systems No course on programming would be complete without a discussion of the Hexadecimal (Hex) number
More informationBefore beginning your journey there are a number of things you will need to consider, with the most important being finance.
Whether you have just started your own small businesses, or you are a budding entrepreneur with big aspirations, there has never been a better time to work for yourself. With the economy going from strength
More informationUnderstanding Credit Reports and Scores and How to Improve it!
Understanding Credit Reports and Scores and How to Improve it! Apprisen What Will We Cover? When we are finished, you will understand: Credit Reports and Credit Scores - What they are and how they are
More informationTo give it a definition, an implicit function of x and y is simply any relationship that takes the form:
2 Implicit function theorems and applications 21 Implicit functions The implicit function theorem is one of the most useful single tools you ll meet this year After a while, it will be second nature to
More informationHow to create PDF maps, pdf layer maps and pdf maps with attributes using ArcGIS. Lynne W Fielding, GISP Town of Westwood
How to create PDF maps, pdf layer maps and pdf maps with attributes using ArcGIS Lynne W Fielding, GISP Town of Westwood PDF maps are a very handy way to share your information with the public as well
More informationLESSON PLANS FOR PERCENTAGES, FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, AND ORDERING Lesson Purpose: The students will be able to:
LESSON PLANS FOR PERCENTAGES, FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, AND ORDERING Lesson Purpose: The students will be able to: 1. Change fractions to decimals. 2. Change decimals to fractions. 3. Change percents to decimals.
More information36 TOUGH INTERVIEW QUESTIONS And ways to structure the responses
1 36 TOUGH INTERVIEW QUESTIONS And ways to structure the responses (Management specific questions start with question 30) 1. Tell me about yourself Frame it: Describe how you are today vs. a long story
More informationTeacher Answer Key: Measured Turns Introduction to Mobile Robotics > Measured Turns Investigation
Teacher Answer Key: Measured Turns Introduction to Mobile Robotics > Measured Turns Investigation Phase 1: Swing Turn Path Evaluate the Hypothesis (1) 1. When you ran your robot, which wheel spun? The
More informationThere is a simple equation for calculating dilutions. It is also easy to present the logic of the equation.
Solutions: Dilutions. A. Dilutions: Introduction... 1 B. The dilution equation... 2 C. The logic of the dilution equation... 3 D. Should you memorize the dilution equation? -- Attention X11 students...
More information