OPTICAL FIBER CABLES

Transcription

1 OPTICAL FIBER CABLES

2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE RECOMMENDED ORDERING PARAMETERS GENERALITIES :. Advantage. General Description.. Construction.. Principle TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBERS OPTICAL FIBER CABLES. Loose tube, non metallic, jelly filled cables.. Loose tube, metallic, jelly filled cables.. Self supported, Loose tube, metallic or non metallic, jelly filled cables.. Unitube, metallic, jelly filled cables.. Optical cord. Page 8 8 0

3

4 INTRODUCTION Devoted to the manufacturing of electric and telecom cables, Liban Cables is the first and largest supplier in Lebanon and a leader in the Middle-East region. Liban Cables was founded in 97 by a group of Lebanese industrialists backed up by the technical assistance of two international leading firms : - Les Cables de Lyon - France (became ALCATEL afterwards and NEXANS by end 000) - Phelps Dodge - U.S.A. Staffed with qualified engineers and highly skilled technicians, our plant is located in Nahr-Ibrahim at 0 Km from Beirut, where cables are designed and manufactured according to all international specifications : IEC, VDE, UTE, BS and others on customer request. Early after its foundation, Liban Cables has become the major supplier of the Lebanese market in both the public and private sectors. The product range of Liban Cables covers all Copper and Aluminium electric cables, as well as copper and fiber optic communication cables, in addition to a wide variety of special cables manufactured on customer request. High quality cables, continuous developments of the production range, direct and fast shipments have contributed in rendering Liban Cables an important exporter for many countries on the three limitrophe continents (Asia, Europe, Africa). Liban Cables products are particularly appreciated by administrations and international contractors operating in the region and seeking reliable and direct supplies of power and communication cables.

5 QUALITY Step by step, from raw material to final product, quality constitutes a major concern to Liban Cables. Raw material are continuously and repetitively tested from trial orders till the last batch received afterwards. Products are tested within two simultaneous procedures : - A built in quality control system carried out by the production itself at any step of work in process. - A parallel and contradictory procedure is also carried out on the same stages and products by independent inspectors reporting to the quality control service. End users and/or third part inspection authorities are also constantly commissioning the finished products and assessing the strict conformity to ordered specifications. In fact, our ISO 900 certification stated in Feb 997 by the International Certification Network (EQNET) is certified by the French Association for Quality Assurance (AFAQ), the well known rigourous and independant accredited European assessor. This certification, which upgraded to ISO 900:000 on February 00, under reference AFAQ Nº QUAL / 997 / 70 a, confirms the soundness and the performance of the Quality System we apply for the Design, the Development, the Manufacturing and the Marketing & Sales of all our products. RECOMMENDED ORDERING PARAMETERS For prompt quotation / supplies, please make sure your inquiries and your orders are securing the following data : - International or Special Standard. (Alternatively, the precise usage of the cable.) - Constructional details. - Other requirements. - Packing. - Required delivery time. - Required validity.

6 GENERALITIES An optical transmission system can be resumed as follows: Source of digital signals / transmitting electrical-optical converter / Optical Fiber cable / Possible repeaters for signal regeneration / Receiving optical electrical converter / digital receiver. Transmitting Electrical / Optical Converter Optical Fiber Cable Receiving Optical / Electrical Converter. ADVANTAGE Major economical and technical advantages of Optical Fiber cables are : * LOW COST * HIGH TRANSMISSION SPEED FOR MORE DATA * LOW ATTENUATION, WHICH MEANS A GREATER DISTANCE BETWEEN REGENERATORS OR TERMINAL EQUIPMENT * SMALL SIZE AND LIGHT WEIGHT CABLES * NO CROSSTALK * NO ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE For comparisons with conventional cables the necessity of optical transmitters and receivers must be considered.

7 . GENERAL DESCRIPTION.. CONSTRUCTION Optical fibers used for communication are mostly made from silica, which, in pure form, has a very low loss in infrared region of the optical spectrum. An optical fiber is constructed with a cylindrical core of a higher index of refraction than the cladding material. This difference in index of refraction gives the fiber its light guiding properties, as explained in hereafter principle of light transmission. The index of refraction of either the core or the cladding are changed from the values of pure silica by the incorporation of small amounts of doping materials, such as phosphorus and germanium. The fiber is protected with a layer of coating material, which is usually an acrylate, although silicone coating are sometimes used. Individual fibers are then placed into slots, tubes, bundles, or ribbons to form units which are stranded together to form the cable core. Several layers of protective sheating, depending upon the application, are added to form the cable. The primary function of the optical fiber is to protect the fibers from damage during installation and use. Optical fiber cable structure can be categorized as follows: Construction - All dielectric cable in which the strength members and / or sheathing are dielectric Construction - Cable in which metallic materials are used for strength members or sheathing or both. The cable structure must isolate the fibers from impact loads because the fibers do not deform plastically and have little capacity to absorb energy. The tensile-load carrying members may be located at the longitudinal neutral axis of the cable, or over the cable core in the cable jacket, or any combination of the above.

8 .. PRINCIPLE The principle of light transmission in an optical fiber is based on the total reflection, i.e. if light falls with a certain angle ß on the interface of an optical medium having a higher refractive index n, and an optical medium having a lower trfractive index n, it is totally reflected. The angle, under which light is totally reflected, is given by the following reflection formula : cos. β = n n.7 refractive index Core Cladding n α max. n radius βmax. Coating According to this principle, an optical waveguide must be so constructed that an interface between an optical medium with a low refractive index and an optical medium with a higher refractive index is built. This can be accomplished with a thin light transmitting core having a refractive index n, and a surrounding optical cladding having a lower refractive index n, so that the light is totally reflected at the interfaces. The max. limit angle of the total reflection βmax. has a corresponding max. angle of incidence in the fiber α max.. The sine of this angle is called the numerical aperture NA. That is the dominating value for coupling optical waveguides with each other, or optical transmitters with optical waveguides, or optical waveguides with receivers respectively. NA = sin α max. = n -n The transmission characteristics of an optical waveguide are determined by the size of the core, the profile curve in core and cladding as well as by the uniformity of the profile. Single Mode Fibers : Single-mode fibers are constructed such that only one mode propagates at the system operating wavelengths. Multimode Fibers : Typical,ultimode fibers support hundreds of propagating modes, each of which travels at a different velocity.

9 TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBERS FIBERS WITHE DIFFERENT SPECIFICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST SINGLE MODE FIBERS Construction Single mode complying to ITU-T recommendation G. Light guiding core made of ultrapure silica glass with dopant materials - optical cladding made of silica glass - coating of UV-reactive acrylate system. Optical Characteristics Attenuation Coefficient 8-0 nm 0 nm (db/km) Zero dispersion wavelength (nm) 00 Zero dispersion slope (ps/(nm.km)) 0.09 Dispersion coefficient 8-0 nm 0 nm (ps/(nm.km)). 8 Mode Field Diameter (0 nm) 9. _+ 0. Cut-Off Wavelenth ) (nm) _+ Geometrical Characteristics MFD Non-Circularity MFD / Cladding Concentricity Error Cladding Diameter Cladding Non-Circularity Coating Diameter Coating Concenticity Error (%) (%) <.0.0 _+ <.0 0 _+.

10 Optical Characteristics Attenuation Coefficient (db / nm Minimum modal bandwith nm Numerical Aperture Geometrical Characteristics Core Diameter Core Non-Circularity Core/Cladding Concetricity Error Cladding Diameter Cladding Non-Circularity Coating Diameter Coating Concentricity Error MULTIMODE FIBERS (0 / ) Construction Multimode 0/ complying to IEC 079 / Light guiding core made of ultrapure silica glass with dopant materials - optical cladding made of silica glass - coating of UV-reactive acrylate system (%) (%) (%) _ _+ <.0 _+ <.0 0 _+. MULTIMODE FIBERS (. / ) Construction Multimode./ complying to IEC 079 / Light guiding core made of ultrapure silica glass with dopant materials - optical cladding made of silica glass - coating of UV-reactive acrylate system. Optical Characteristics Attenuation Coefficient (db / nm Minimum modal bandwith nm Numerical Aperture Geometrical Characteristics Core Diameter Core Non-Circularity Core/Cladding Concetricity Error Cladding Diameter Cladding Non-Circularity Coating Diameter Coating Concentricity Error (%) (%) (%) _ _+ <.0 _+ <.0 0 _+. 7

11 OPTICAL FIBER CABLES. LOOSE TUBE, NON METALLIC JELLY FILLED CABLES Dielectric cable, longitudinally water-tight, non detectable and insensitive to the electromagnetic external perturbations CONSTRUCTION OPTICAL FIBER Multimode or Singlemode according to ITU-T and IEC recommendations with a 0 µm nominal outer diameter. CENTRAL STRENGTH MEMBER Fiber glass reinforced plastic material, sheathed or non-sheathed with thermoplastic material (see assembly drawing examples). TUBE Thermoplastic material containing Optical Fibers and filled with suitable water-tightness compound. FILLER Thermoplastic cylinder which can replace a tube in the cable strand. Stranding Tubes and eventually fillers are assembled in one layer around the central strength member (see assembly drawing examples). Filling By injection in the cable core of a suitable water-tightness compound. MECHANICAL REINFORCMENT Helically laid and water-tightness compound impregnated aramid or equivalent type yarns. CABLE CORE PROTECTION Plastic tapes helically or longitudinally applied. 7 7 OUTER SHEATH Black polyethylene. Marking on sheath Identification of manufacturer. Year of manufacture. Number and type of fibers. Length marking. Identification FIBERS : Individually coloured according to a colour code. TUBES : colouring. 8

12 ASSEMBLY DRAWING EXAMPLES With tubes containing a maximum of fibers Up to 0 optical fibers to tubes to optical fibers 7 or 8 tubes from 7 to 8 optical fibers 9 or 0 tubes from 9 to 0 optical fibers TUBE FILLER STRENGTH MEMBER sheathed with thermoplastic material Up to optical fibers to tubes from to 7 optical fibers Characteristics Number of optical fibers NOTA possibility of manufacture with tubes containing fibers PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Number of tubes (with a maximum of Fibers per tube) to 7 or 8 9 or 0 or to from 7 to 8 from 9 to 0 from to 7 Nominal outer diameter. 7. Weight (approximate) (kg/km) Maximum Tensile load (*) (dan) Minimum bending radius -Static Dynamic Crush resistance (dan/cm) Temperature range ( 0 C) Nominal delivery lengths (m) 00/00/00 00/00/00 00/00/00 00/00/00 (*) Corresponding elongation on the fiber. n.b.: Informations subject to change without notice. 9

13 LOOSE TUBE, METALLIC JELLY FILLED CABLES - Longitudinally water-tight cable - Type A : Non armoured - duct pulling - Type B : Armoured - Underground or cross-river laying. CONSTRUCTION OPTICAL FIBER Multimode or Singlemode according to ITU-T and IEC recommendations with a 0 µm nominal outer diameter. CENTRAL STRENGTH MEMBER Non metallic : Fiber glass reinforced plastic material. Metallic : Solid wire or stranded, bare or phosphated steel wires. sheathed or non-sheathed with thermoplastic material. (see assembly drawing examples). TUBE Thermoplastic material containing Optical Fibers and filled with suitable water-tightness compound. FILLER Thermoplastic cylinder which can replace a tube in the cable strand. Stranding Tubes and eventually fillers are assembled in one layer around the central strength member (see assembly drawing examples). Filling By injection in the cable core of a suitable water-tightness compound. CABLE CORE PROTECTION Plastic tapes helically or longitudinally applied. TYPE A - LAP TAPE/SHEATH MOISTURE BARRIER LAP TAPE OUTER SHEATH Black polyethylene. TYPE B - ARMOURED INNER SHEATH (One LAP tape can be applied under the inner sheath) polyethylene. ARMOUR Mechanical and rodent protection by steel tape or wires armouring. OUTER SHEATH Black polyethylene TYPE B Marking on sheath Identification of manufacturer. Year of manufacture. Number and type of fibers. Length marking. Identification FIBERS : Individually coloured according to a colour code. TUBES : colouring OPTION : Protection against fire 7 or 0 - OUTER SHEATH Thermoplastic, flame retardant, with halogen or halogen free material. 7 TYPE A 0

14 ASSEMBLY DRAWING EXAMPLES With tubes containing a maximum of fibers Up to 0 optical fibers to tubes to optical fibers 7 or 8 tubes from 7 to 8 optical fibers 9 or 0 tubes from 9 to 0 optical fibers TUBE FILLER STRENGTH MEMBER sheathed with thermoplastic material Up to optical fibers to tubes from to 7 optical fibers NOTA possibility of manufacture with tubes containing fibers PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Type of cables Characteristics Type A Type B Unarmoured corrugated steel tape layers of steel wires Central strength member Type : size : metallic stranded wires 9 wires 0. mm diameter metallic solid wire mm diameter metallic solid wire mm diameter Maximum number of tubes Maximum number of optical fibers Nominal inner sheath thickness Nominal diensions of armouring Nominal outer sheath thickness Nominal outer diameter Weight (approximate) Maximum Tensile load (*) Minimum bending radius -Static -Dynamic Crush resistance Temperature range Nominal delivery lengths (kg/km) (dan) (dan/cm) ( 0 C) (m) (*) Corresponding elongation on the fiber. n.b.: Informations subject to change without notice /00/00. thickness: /00/00. wires diameter: /00/00

15 . SELF SUPPORTED, LOOSE TUBE, METALLIC OR NON METALLIC JELLY FILLED CABLES - Longitudinally water-tight cable - Type A : Non armoured cables - Type B : Armoured cables CONSTRUCTION OPTICAL FIBER Multimode or Singlemode according to ITU-T and IEC recommendations with a 0 µm nominal outer diameter. CENTRAL STRENGTH MEMBER Non metallic : Fiber glass reinforced plastic material. Metallic : Solid wire or stranded, bare or phosphated steel wires. TUBE Thermoplastic material containing Optical Fibers and filled with suitable water-tightness compound. FILLER Thermoplastic cylinder which can replace a tube in the cable strand. Stranding Tubes and eventually fillers are assembled in one layer around the central strength member. Filling By injection in the cable core of a suitable water-tightness compound. CABLE CORE PROTECTION Plastic tapes helically or longitudinally applied. MESSENGER Strand of galvanized steel wires. TYPE A OUTER SHEATH (One LAP tape can be applied under the sheath) Black polyethylene on eight shaped including the cable core and the messenger. TYPE B PROTECTION Inner polyethylene sheath (One LAP tape can be applied under the inner sheath) Mechanical and rodent protection by steel tape armouring. OUTER SHEATH Black polyethylene on eight shaped including the cable core and the messenger. 9 8 TYPE B Marking on sheath Identification of manufacturer. Year of manufacture. Number and type of fibers. Length marking. Identification FIBERS : Individually coloured according to a colour code. TUBES : colouring

16 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Characteristics Maximum number of tubes Maximum number of fibers Strength member Messenger Nominal inner sheath thickness Nominal steel tape thickness Nominal outer sheath thickness Nominal outer dimensions Weight (approximate) Maximum Tensile load on the messenger Minimum bending radius -Static -Dynamic Crush resistance Nominal span Temperature range Nominal delivery lengths n.b.: Informations subject to change without notice. Type : size : (kg/km) (dan) (dan/cm) (m) ( 0 C) (m) Cable type B corrugated steel tape aroured non metallic. mm diameter 9 wires. mm diameter x /00/00

17 . UNITUBE, METALLIC, JELLY FILLED CABLES - Longitudinally water-tight cable CONSTRUCTION OPTICAL FIBER Singlemode optical fiber according to ITU-T and IEC recommendations with a 0 µm nominal external diameter. TUBE Thermoplastic material, containing Optical Fibers and jelly filled with a suitable water-tightness compound. WATER BLOCKING SYSTEM Blowing tape longitudinally applied. ARMOUR Mechanical and rodent protection by coated steel tape armouring. STRENGTH MEMBER galvanized steel wires longitudinally applied in contact with the armour diametrally opposed and included in the outer sheath. OUTER SHEATH Black polyethylene. Marking on sheath Identification of manufacturer. Year of manufacture. Number and type of fibers. Length marking. Identification of fibers Individually coloured according to a colour code.

18 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Characteristics Nominal thickness of armour Nominal strength member diameter Nominal outer sheath thickness 0... Nominal outer diameter Weight (approximate) Maximum pulling load (with pulling eye) Maximum operating load Minimum bending radius -Static -Dynamic Crush resistance Temperature range Nominal delivery lengths n.b.: Informations subject to change without notice. (kg/km) (dan) (dan) (dan/cm) ( 0 C) (m) /00/00

19 . OPTICAL CORD ( - Loose tube structure) CONSTRUCTION Multimode or Singlemode optical fiber according to ITU-T and IEC standards. Loose tube, jelly filled. Strengthening by aramid or glass fibers. Protective external jacket : thermoplastic material depending on use.

20 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Characteristics Nominal of fiber External diameter (typ.) Weight (approximate) Maximum tensile strength - When installated - When in use Minimum bending radius -Static -Dynamic Crush resistance Temperature range (kg/km) (dan) (dan) (dan/cm) ( 0 C) to. 0 to