Urban Systems Science & Engineering: Toward Smart, Low Carbon, High-Performance Cities

Transcription

1 Urban Systems Science & Engineering: Toward Smart, Low Carbon, High-Performance Cities Charlie Catlett (ANL), Mary Ann Piette (LBL), Bhaduri Budhendra (ORNL), Ramesh Ramamoorthy (LBL), Nancy Carlisle (NREL), Thom Dunning (PNNL) (on behalf of 10 labs) Briefing for National Research Council study - Pathways to Urban Sustainability: Challenges and Opportunities Charlie Catlett Senior Computer Scientist, Argonne National Laboratory Senior Fellow, Computation Institute of the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory Senior Fellow, Harris School of Public Policy Director, Urban Center for Computation and Data

2 Cities are Central Drivers of: 70% GHG 70% Energy 80% GDP Climate Change Energy Security Economic Vitality To address Climate Change and Energy Security while maintaining Economic Vitality will require understanding cities as multiscale, complex, dynamic, interconnected systems.

3 Smart City Applica6on Areas April 2015; Adapted from Dan Correa, OSTP Federal Smart City Programs Government Ops. Health Human Services Public Safety Public Engagement Telecom, Data, & ComputaCon TransportaCon Built Environment Energy Climate Water and Natural Environment NSF/HHS: Smart and Connected Health NSF: Cross- Cutting EPA: Air Monitoring NIST: Cyber Physical System s Stds DOT: Connected Vehicle Research DOE: Smart Building Technologies DOE: Smart Grid EPA: Water Resilience and Security Research Testbed R&D HHS: Community Health IT Adoption NIST: Global City Teams Challeng e NSF: U.S. Ignite DOE: Connected and Automated Vehicles Research DHS: Urban Security NTIA: Community Broadband HUD: Block Grants Pilot Scale Deployment There Are Many Federal Smart City Activities primarily within sectors and independent.

4 Percent of Cities with Greater Target $183B 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Gas Transit Urban Energy and Emissions Electric Water 0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% Average Annual Percentage Reduction Target Used with permission: L. Doris (NREL), B. Kiger (NREL), O. Ma, A. Brown (NREL), S. Capanna, J. Dowd Achieving the emissions and energy reduction goals of U.S. cities will require: data driven understanding of the interactions, across spatial and temporal scales, among integrated urban energy (buildings, storage, generation, grid), emissions, water, environment, and mobility.

5 Imagine a City that consumes 50% less Research Challenges: What are the emergent behaviors of cities as a whole total energy per capita, (buildings, power grid, transportation, sociowithout compromising economic choices, human activities) that economic vitality or quality can be leveraged to reduce energy consumption? of life. Cities emit 80% of global CO2 Buildings consume more than 50% of energy in large cities Number of Buildings 860, , ,000 San Francisco 260,000 Detroit Chicago Manhattan

6 Imagine a City that is designed to be resilient to disruptions and can rapidly respond to events and changing conditions by harnessing computational models linked to real-time data. Research Challenges: How can a city be designed or modified to be as resilient as possible, balancing redundancy and efficiency? How can a city use high performance integrated computational models, predictive analytics, and real-time data to optimize response to disruptive events and conditions and to minimize operational impact?

7 Imagine a City where travel is unimpeded, no matter the location or time of day, reducing transit fuel costs and GHG emissions and congestion-related delays by 50%. Research Challenges: Reliable assessment of potential solutions for traffic congestion; delivering real-time routing plans, exploiting autonomous vehicle capabilities such as platooning and vehicleto-infrastructure communications.

8 A Proposed DOE Urban Science and Engineering Initiative Assessment, Measurement, Benchmarking Smart, Low Carbon, High-Performance Cities Multiscale Models and Data Systems Testbeds, Methods, and Processes Solutions: Application to Decisions Sensing, Measurement, Benchmarks, New diverse sources (IoT, mobile devices, vehicles, cities ), Analytics, Data Management, and Visualization Multiscale Integrated Computational Models Buildings, Grid, Mobility, Climate, Human Activity to develop and validate theory and quantify uncertainty Tools, Data and Computation Resources, tested in and specific to goals, regions, urban scales, and domains Priorities, actions, policies for local, state, federal government, utilities, industry, citizens Measure Understand Apply Practice

9 DOE Smart, Resilient, Low-Carbon Cities Assessment, Measurement, Benchmarking Multiscale Models and Data Systems Testbeds, Methods, and Processes Translation, Application to Decisions SC Atmosphere Measurement and Modeling Solar OE Grid EERE Buildings Grid Modernization Buildingsto-Grid Energy/ Water Nexus EERE Clean Cities Sustainable Transportation SC Ecosystem/subsurface/hydrology Measurement & Modeling EERE Transportation

10 Example Research Questions How do individual urban systems (buildings, grid, transportation, water, ) behave, how do they interact, and what reductions (energy usage, GHGs) are possible if the system as a whole is optimized? How do urban areas impact regional and global climate? How will their future impact be affected by changes in fuel sources and technology? Climate? Social and Economic Factors? How will urban areas be impacted? How can cities respond to these impacts while maintaining sustainability, resilience and livability? What impact will connected vehicles, and eventually autonomous vehicles, have on traffic congestion? Energy usage? Urban sprawl? Air quality? How can urban renewable energy sources and distributed storage be integrated into building or district management systems to reduce energy usage? What is the impact and footprint of urban areas with respect to energy? Carbon and Climate? Water? Environment?

11 Urban Science and Engineering Initiative Executive and Leadership Team Executive Team Mark Peters (ANL), Associate Laboratory Director Douglas Ray (PNNL), Associate Laboratory Director Dana Christensen(NREL), Deputy Laboratory Director Ramesh Ramamoorthy (LBL), Associate Laboratory Director Al Sattelberger (ANL), Deputy Laboratory Director Horst Simon (LBL), Deputy Laboratory Director Scientific Leadership Team Charlie Catlett (ANL) Senior Computer Scientist, ANL; Director, Urban Center for Computation and Data, Computation Institute of the University of Chicago and ANL Mary Ann Piette (LBL) Director, Building Technology and Urban Systems Division, LBL Thom Dunning (PNNL) Co-Director, Northwest Institute for Advanced Computing, PNL Nancy Carlisle (NREL) Director, Integrated Applications Center, NREL Budhendra Bhaduri (ORNL) Director, Geographic Information Science and Technology (GIST) group