Windows Storage Server 2008

Transcription

1 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Version 1.0 Published: May 2010

2 Copyright 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Complying with the applicable copyright laws is your responsibility. By using or providing feedback on this documentation, you agree to the license agreement below. If you are using this documentation solely for non-commercial purposes internally within YOUR company or organization, then this documentation is licensed to you under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial License. To view a copy of this license, visit or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. This documentation is provided to you for informational purposes only, and is provided to you entirely "AS IS". Your use of the documentation cannot be understood as substituting for customized service and information that might be developed by Microsoft Corporation for a particular user based upon that user s particular environment. To the extent permitted by law, MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS, IMPLIED AND STATUTORY WARRANTIES, AND ASSUMES NO LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY TYPE IN CONNECTION WITH THESE MATERIALS OR ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THEM. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter within this documentation. Except as provided in a separate agreement from Microsoft, your use of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks or other intellectual property. Information in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, is subject to change without notice. Unless otherwise noted, the example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e- mail addresses, logos, people, places and events depicted herein are fictitious. Microsoft, Active Directory, ActiveX, BitLocker Drive Encryption, Excel, Forefront, Internet Explorer, PowerPoint, SharePoint Portal Server, SharePoint Services, SQL Server, Windows, Windows 7, Windows PowerShell, Windows Server, Windows Storage Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP and Windows Vista are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. You have no obligation to give Microsoft any suggestions, comments or other feedback ("Feedback") relating to the documentation. However, if you do provide any Feedback to Microsoft then you provide to Microsoft, without charge, the right to use, share and commercialize your Feedback in any way and for any purpose. You also give to third parties, without charge, any patent rights needed for their products, technologies and services to use or interface with any specific parts of a Microsoft software or service that includes the Feedback. You will not give Feedback that is subject to a license that requires Microsoft to license its software or documentation to third parties because we include your Feedback in them.

3 Contents Introduction... 1 Windows Storage Server 2008 Overview... 3 Comparing Windows Storage Server 2008 to Windows Server Comparing Windows Storage Server 2008 Editions... 5 Comparing Windows Storage Server 2008 Edition Specifications... 5 Identifying Windows Storage Server 2008 Storage Solution Advantages... 7 Exploring Windows Storage Server 2008 Features and Capabilities... 9 Providing Access to File Services Workloads Supporting File Services Workloads Using SMB Supporting File Services Workloads Using NFS Supporting File Services Workloads Using WebDAV Supporting File Services Workloads Using Windows SharePoint Services Providing Access to iscsi Block I/O Workloads Supporting iscsi Block I/O Workloads Using Microsoft iscsi Software Target Supporting iscsi Block I/O Workloads Using Microsoft iscsi Software Initiator Providing Access to Web Services Workloads Providing Access to Print Services Workloads Managing Windows Storage Server Managing All Workloads Managing File Services Workloads Managing File Services Workloads Using File Server Resource Manager Managing File Services Workloads Using Share and Storage Management Managing DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Managing Single Instance Storage Managing iscsi Block I/O Workloads Managing the Microsoft iscsi Software Target for iscsi Block I/O Workloads Managing the Microsoft iscsi Software Initiator for iscsi Block I/O Workloads Managing Web Services Workloads Managing Print Services Workloads Protecting Windows Storage Server 2008 Workload Data Using Windows Server Backup to Protect Data Using Shadow Copies of Shared Folders to Protect Data Using the Volume Shadow Copy Service to Protect Data Using DFS Replication to Protect Data Using System Center Data Protection Manager 2007 to Protect Data Using Virtual Disk Snapshots to Protect Data Using the Appcmd.exe Tool to Backup IIS Configuration... 33

4 ii Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Using the PrintBRM.exe Tool to Backup Printer Information Securing Windows Storage Server 2008 Workloads Securing Windows Storage Server 2008 for All Workloads Securing File Services Workloads Securing iscsi Block I/O Workloads Securing Web Services Workloads Securing Print Services Workloads Improving Availability of Windows Storage Server 2008 Workloads Improving Availability of File Services Workloads Improving Availability of iscsi Block I/O Workloads Creating Highly-Available iscsi Targets Creating Highly-Available iscsi Initiators Improving Availability of Web Services Workloads Improving Availability of Print Services Workloads Improving Performance and Scalability for Windows Storage Server 2008 Solutions Improving Performance and Scalability for All Workloads Improvements in the Next Generation TCP/IP Protocol Improvements in Network Adapter Performance Reduction in Processor Utilization for I/O Operations Improving Performance and Scalability for File Services Workloads Review Improvements in the SMB Protocol Review SMB-based File Services Workload Test Results Improving Performance and Scalability for iscsi Block I/O Workloads Identify Methods for Improving iscsi Block I/O Workload Performance and Scalability Review I/O Storage Test Results Improving Performance and Scalability for Web Services Workloads Identify Methods for Improving Web Services Workload Performance and Scalability Review Web Services Workload Test Results Improving Performance and Scalability for Print Workloads Windows Storage Server 2008 Deployment Scenarios Overview of NAS Configurations Using Windows Storage Server 2008 as a Stand-alone NAS in Solutions Using Windows Storage Server 2008 as a Highly-Available NAS in Solutions Using Windows Storage Server 2008 as a NAS Gateway in Solutions Creating Branch Office Solutions Creating Highly-available Solutions Creating Solutions for Storage Consolidation Creating Small to Medium Business Solutions Creating Solutions for Heterogeneous Environments Creating Application Consolidation Solutions Creating Unified Storage Solutions... 81

5 iii Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Creating Virtualization Solutions Conclusion More Information... 84

6

7 Introduction Windows Storage Server 2008 is the latest in the Windows Storage Server family of products and is based on the technologies and features found in Windows Server Windows Storage Server 2008, which is available through Windows Storage Server 2008 Partners, allows these OEM partners to provide unified storage solutions based on Windows Storage Server This white paper describes the features and technologies in Windows Storage Server, and how to create secure, extensible, scalable, and highlyavailable storage solutions, including file services, iscsi block input/output (I/O), Web services, and print services workloads. Windows Storage Server 2008 is built on Windows Server 2008 to create efficient and effective storage solutions. Microsoft OEM partners offer specialized hardware and additional software components to create network attached storage appliances running Windows Storage Server Windows Storage Server 2008 provides a unified solution for the following workloads: Files services. Provides access to files managed by the appliance for computers using file access protocols, such as Common Internet File System (CIFS) or Network File System (NFS). Provides access to files using the Server Message Block (SMB) version 2.0, NFS version 3.0, Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV), File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocols. SMB 2.0 provides a superset of the features found in CIFS and provides improved performance and reliability over previous versions of SMB. iscsi Block storage services. Provides remote network attached storage that appears as a disk logical unit number (LUN) to other computers, which are connected using the Internet Small Computer System Interface (iscsi) standard. These services also provide high-performance access to remote disk LUNs using the iscsi industry standard and can act as an iscsi initiator or an iscsi target. Web services. Provides access to Web-based content and services, which can be accessed using HTTP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS), WebDAV, or FTP. Windows SharePoint Services. Provides the ability to share documents, track tasks, use efficiently and effectively, and share ideas and information. The most common feature is to store files in document libraries, which supports check-in and check-out features, version control, and file history. Print services. Provides access to printers using Microsoft print services, Line Printer Daemon (LPD) services, or Internet printing services. The following table lists some of the problems and pain points that organizations have with network attached storage appliances, and how Windows Storage Server 2008-based appliances address them. Table 1. Network Attached Storage Appliance Problems and Pain Points Problem or pain point Dedicated or limited function appliance. Limited breadth of vendor support. Management of workloads. Minimal or no integration with existing authentication and authorization system. Windows Storage Server 2008 solution Provides servicing of multiple workloads on highly extensible Microsoft OEM vendor hardware platforms. Takes advantage of the breadth and depth of the software and hardware products provided by other vendors that are provided for Windows Server Uses familiar Windows Server management consoles. Integrates with Active Directory Doman Services (AD DS) and Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services.

8 2 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Problem or pain point Loosely integrated with clients that consume the services. Limited provisions for failover or fault tolerant configurations. Implements nonstandard or proprietary protocols or services. Limited protection of information stored on the appliance. Lack of comprehensive software update management. Ongoing operations and maintenance is labor intensive. Limited customization and extensibility. Limited disaster recovery. Windows Storage Server 2008 solution Designed to work "better together" with Windows operating systems, including Windows Vista and Windows 7, to provide optimal security, performance, scalability, availability, and manageability. Supports Windows Server Failover Clusters, Distributed File System (DFS), and Network Load Balancing for improved availability and fault tolerance in addition to the hardware fault tolerance features provide by the Microsoft OEM partner. Supports industry standard protocols and services that provide interoperability in heterogeneous environments. Supports a wide variety of security products and technologies, including BitLocker Drive Encryption, NTFS permissions, Share permissions, and Microsoft Forefront. Provides a set of software update management technologies and products for any sized organization, including Windows Update, Windows Software Update Services (WSUS), and Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager. Many on-going operations and management tasks can also be automated using System Center Configuration Manager or System Center Operations Manager. Many of the management consoles can be customized to include Microsoft OEM partner branding and the server software supports extensibility using any application programming interfaces (APIs) supported by Windows Server Provides Windows Server Backup as part of Windows Storage Server 2008, and supports other disaster recovery products from Microsoft, such as System Center Data Protection Manager, and from Microsoft partners.

9 3 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Windows Storage Server 2008 Overview Windows Storage Server 2008 is optimized for file workloads and includes additional technologies, such as deduplication of files using the Single Instance Storage (SIS) feature, full screen remote desktop control of storage server administration using Web RDP, and an iscsi target using the Microsoft iscsi Software Target, to provide a unified storage solution. Deduplication of files is a specific form of compression provided by the SIS feature that combines redundant files into a single instance of the file and links to the single instance to replace the previous file copies. This overview to Windows Storage Server 2008 includes the following topics: Comparing Windows Storage Server 2008 to Windows Server Comparing Windows Storage Server 2008 Editions. Comparing Windows Storage Server 2008 Edition specifications. Identifying Windows Storage Server 2008 solution advantages. Comparing Windows Storage Server 2008 to Windows Server 2008 The following lists features and technologies common to both Windows Storage Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008: Administration Tools.NET 3.0 BitLocker Drive Encryption Note BitLocker Drive Encryption does not work with failover clusters. BITS Server Extensions Desktop Experience DFS Namespace DFS Replication Note DFS Replication does not work with failover clusters. DHCP Server Failover Clustering Note Failover clustering is available only in the Enterprise edition of Windows Storage Server File Server Resource Manager (FSRM) Full Text Search Group Policy Management Console Integration with Windows Server ecosystems (including backup software, and antivirus software.) Internet Printing Client LPR Port Monitor Microsoft file services based on SMB 2.0 Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Multipath I/O Note Multipath I/O is available only in Standard and Enterprise editions of Windows Storage Server Network File System (NFS) Peer Name Resolution Protocol Remote Assistance Remove Desktop Connection

10 4 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Remote Differential Compression Remote Server Admin Tools RPC Over HTTP Proxy Simple TCP/IP Services SNMP Subsystem for UNIX-Based Applications (SUA) Telnet Server TFTP Client Windows Biometric Framework Windows Firewall with Advanced Security Windows Network Load Balancing Windows PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE) Note Windows PowerShell ISE works only with the features that are common to Windows Server 2008 and Windows Storage Server Windows PowerShell ISE is not supported for storage features in Windows Storage Server Windows PowerShell Windows Process Activation Server Windows Server Backup Note Windows Server Backup does not work with failover clusters and does not support volumes larger than 2 terabyte. Windows Server Migration Tools WS-Management Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Although Windows Storage Server 2008 is based on the features and technologies in Windows Server 2008, there are some differences between the two products. Table 2 lists the feature and technology differences between the two products. Table 2. Windows Storage Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 Differences Feature or technology Available through retail channels. Available only through Microsoft OEM partners. Supports deduplication of files using Single Instance Storage (SIS) v2. Supports acting as an iscsi target using Microsoft iscsi Software Target 3.2. Supports customized branding of user interface. Supports full screen remote desktop management using Web RDP. Optimized for file services workloads. Windows Server 2008 Windows Storage Server 2008

11 5 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Comparing Windows Storage Server 2008 Editions Windows Storage Server 2008, which provides key functionality to support any sized business and IT storage challenge, is available in the following editions: Windows Storage Server 2008 Basic. Basic is a cost-effective, entry-level technology foundation targeted at small business owners and IT generalists supporting small businesses. Basic provides support for less than 20 users, which require access to only Microsoft file services, print services, and Web services workloads in homogeneous environments. Windows Storage Server 2008 Workgroup. Workgroup is an entry-level technology foundation also targeted at small business owners and IT generalists supporting small businesses. Workgroup provides support for less than 50 users, which require access to file services using Microsoft file services or NFS, deduplication of files using Single Instance Storage, iscsi block I/O services, print services, and Web services workloads. Windows Storage Server 2008 Standard. Standard provides support for an unlimited number of users, who require access to file services using Microsoft file services or NFS, deduplication of files using Single Instance Storage, iscsi block I/O services, print services, and Web services workloads. Windows Storage Server 2008 Enterprise. Enterprise is an advanced platform that provides more cost-effective and reliable support for mission-critical workloads. Enterprise provides support for an unlimited number of users with maximum faulttolerance and scalability provided in a Windows Storage Server product. Comparing Windows Storage Server 2008 Edition Specifications Table 3 lists the capabilities of Windows Storage Server, and the support level for the capabilities in each edition of the product. Use the information in Table 3 to identify which Windows Storage Server 2008 edition is best suited for your organization. Note Unless otherwise noted in the following tables, assume that all editions support the features listed in the previous section, "Comparing Windows Storage Server 2008 to Windows Server 2008." Table 3. Comparison of Windows Server 2008 and Windows Storage Server 2008 Maximum system resources support Capabilities Basic Workgroup Standard Enterprise Supported processor architecture. 32-bit or 64-bit 64-bit 64-bit 64-bit Maximum number of processor sockets Maximum amount of memory. 4 GB (32-bit) or 32 GB (64-bit) 32 GB 32 GB 2 terabyte Maximum number of network adapters. 2 2 Unlimited Unlimited Number of disks supported. 4 4 Any Any Type of disk adapters supported. SATA Any Any Any Type of RAID supported. Any Any Any Any

12 6 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper File services workload support Capabilities Basic Workgroup Standard Enterprise Maximum number of SMB connections supported Unlimited Unlimited NFS. DFS replication. File Services Resource Manager. Deduplication of files using Single Instance Storage. BitLocker Drive Encryption Other workload support Capabilities Basic Workgroup Standard Enterprise Microsoft iscsi Target Software. Note Some Microsoft partners include the Microsoft iscsi Software Target by default. Failover clusters. Optional Optional Optional Multipath I/O. Number of printers supported for Print Services workloads. 2 Any Any Any Fax services. DHCP Server services. Windows Search services. Windows Management Instrumentation. Windows Server Backup. Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services. For more information about the Microsoft iscsi Software Target specifications, see the section, "Identifying Microsoft iscsi Software Target Specifications" later in this white paper.

13 7 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Identifying Windows Storage Server 2008 Storage Solution Advantages Network attached storage appliances running Windows Storage Server 2008 have a number of advantages compared to other network attached storage appliances. Most of these advantages are because Windows Storage Server 2008 is based on Windows Server Advantages to creating storage solutions using Windows Storage Server 2008 include: Reduces time to realize efficient management. Because Windows Storage Server 2008 is based on Windows Server 2008, you can take advantage of your expertise with Windows Server. This familiarity dramatically can help reduce your learning curve so that you can quickly and efficiently plan, build, deploy, and operate storage solutions. Provides unified solution to storage management and operations. You can use the same set of tools and process to manage all the workloads supported by Windows Storage Server You can manage file services, iscsi block I/O services, Web services, and print services workloads using the well-known management consoles and utilities in Windows Storage Server 2008, instead of using a different set of management tools for each workload. Provides centralized storage for applications. The Microsoft iscsi Software Target component in Windows Storage Server 2008 allows you to create iscsi disk LUNs. Disk LUNs can be remotely mounted by application servers, such as Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 running on Windows Server operating systems, using the Microsoft iscsi Software Initiator or applications running on other operating systems, such as Linux, using other iscsi initiators. Reduces storage requirements. The Single Instance Storage feature in Windows Storage Server 2008 helps optimize storage capacity using built-in file deduplication. Single Instance Storage actively compares and eliminates identical files on file sharing volumes. Duplicate files are transparently replaced with file system links to the single copy retained in the SIS Common Store saving significant capacity. As a result, file serving performance is improved because more information can be cached by the operating system. In addition, protection and recovery by Single Instance Store-aware backup solutions can significantly reduce backup windows and recovery times. Reduces administration effort for storage solutions. You can automate repetitive administrative tasks using Windows PowerShell scripts in Windows Storage Server For example, you can draw on the large number of existing scripts developed by the partner and peer communities to further reduce the time required to achieve automation. You can also centrally manage many of the Windows Storage Server 2008 configuration settings using Group Policy. In addition, you can use other Microsoft products to further automate the administration of Windows Storage Server 2008, such as System Center Configuration Manager or System Center Operations Manager. Note You can only use Windows PowerShell to automate the features that are common to Windows Server 2008 and Windows Storage Server No Windows PowerShell providers exist for features that are specific to Windows Storage Server Resolves support issues faster, more precisely, and with less effort. Comprehensive Microsoft support for Windows Server products and the extensive community of partners and peers help you resolve storage-related issues with less effort. Much of this existing knowledge is integrated in the product or available online. In addition, many of the Microsoft management products, such as System Center Operations Manager, include knowledge from the product groups at Microsoft to help provide you with accurate and relevant information to resolve support issues. Secures digital assets. You can use the same extensive security products and technologies found in Windows Server 2008 to secure Windows Storage Server 2008, such as BitLocker Drive Encryption, NTFS permissions, Windows Firewall with

14 8 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Advanced Security, and IPsec. You can also use Microsoft and partner products to further strengthen the security of your storage solutions, such as Microsoft Forefront. Manages and operates your storage solution using your existing processes and procedures. You can manage and operate Windows Storage Server 2008 using the same IT processes and procedures that are currently used to manage Windows Server This helps protect your existing investment while developing custom processes and procedures. In addition, you can manage and operate Windows Storage Server using other products, such as System Center Configuration Manager or System Center Operations Manager Seamlessly integrates with your existing Windows IT infrastructure. Windows Storage Server 2008 integrates easily with existing Windows IT infrastructure services, such as AD DS and Remote Desktop Services Gateway. This level of integration also helps minimize any infrastructure remediation that may be required to deploy and operate your storage solution. Easily extends storage solutions. You can easily extend the features and services provided by Windows Storage Server 2008 using the large number of products and services provided by Microsoft partners or by developing your own solution. The broad range of well documented APIs and scripting languages can help you customize Windows Storage Server 2008 to meet your organization's requirements. Migrates from other storage solutions to Windows Storage Server You can migrate workloads from existing Windows Server operating systems to Windows Storage Server 2008 using highly-automated migration tools, such as the Windows Server Migration Tools. These tools help protect the integrity of your existing data while ensuring the current user permissions and security configuration is transferred to Windows Storage Server In addition, many Microsoft partners produce products to help in migrating workloads to Windows Server products. Minimizes storage solution adoption risk. Because Windows Storage Server 2008 is based on Windows Server 2008, you can minimize the risk of adoption for your new storage solution. Your IT organization and users are less likely to experience difficulties in using and operating Windows Storage Server 2008 because they are already familiar with Windows Server You can use many of the existing tools, Microsoft Solution Accelerators, and best practice guidance to help make certain that the planning, deployment, and ongoing operations of Windows Storage Server 2008 succeed.

15 9 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Exploring Windows Storage Server 2008 Features and Capabilities Windows Storage Server 2008 includes a rich set of features and capabilities to help service multiple workloads, unlike dedicated or single function network attached storage appliances. These features and capabilities allow Windows Storage Server 2008 to act as a unified platform to manage various workloads, as illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1. Workloads supported by Window Storage Server 2008 These features and capabilities help you provide access to: File services workloads.

16 10 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper iscsi block I/O workloads. Web services workloads. Print services workloads This section includes the following topics: Providing access to file services workloads. Providing access to iscsi block I/O workloads. Providing access to Web services workloads. Providing access to print services workloads. Providing Access to File Services Workloads File services workloads allow computers to access files and folders stored on network access storage appliances. Windows Storage Server 2008 can support file services workloads in homogeneous Windows network environments or heterogeneous network environments with a variety of operating systems, as illustrated in Figure 1. Windows Storage Server 2008 provides support for homogeneous or heterogeneous file services workloads using the following protocols or features: SMB NFS WebDAV Windows SharePoint Services Supporting File Services Workloads Using SMB The SMB protocol in Windows Storage Server 2008 provides access to files and folders for client computers using the SMB or CIFS protocols. Windows-based client computers use the SMB protocol while other operating systems typically use the CIFS protocol. The File Services server role in Windows Storage Server 2008 supports both SMB version 2.0, which is highly-optimized for use with Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1) and Windows 7, and the prior version of SMB for previous Windows operating systems. Some network access storage appliances that are not running Windows Storage Server 2008 implement generic CIFS-based file services that implement only older versions of SMB and lack the performance advantages and improved reliability of SMB version 2.0. For more information about the improvements available in SMB version 2.0, see the "Review Improvements in File Services" section later in this white paper. Select this protocol to support homogeneous or heterogeneous environments that contain: Windows-based computers that use Client for Microsoft Networks to access file services workloads using the SMB protocol. Computers running other operating systems that access file services workloads using the CIFS protocol. Supporting File Services Workloads Using NFS Windows Storage Server 2008 supports access to file services workloads using the NFS protocol version 3.0 with the Services for Network File System role service. The NFS protocol allows any NFS client computer to access files and folders managed by Windows Storage Server 2008 using version 2 and version 3 of the NFS protocol.

17 11 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper The Services for Network File System role service includes the following components: Server for NFS. This component allows a computer running Windows Storage Server 2008 and Server for NFS to service NFS client computer requests. Client for NFS. This component allows a computer running Windows Storage Server 2008 and Client for NFS to access NFS mount points on NFS servers. The Server for NFS component is required to support file services workloads using NFS. This component includes the Services for NFS snap-in, and a number of command-line tools for managing it. Note The Server for NFS component supports NFS version 2.0 and version 3.0. The Services for NFS supports the following versions of UNIX: Sun Microsystems Solaris version 9 Red Hat Linux version 9 IBM AIX version 5L 5.2 Hewlett Packard HP-UX version 11i The Server for NFS component allows you to share a folder as a NFS exported folder (also known as a NFS shared folder). A computer running an NFS client can mount the NFS exported folder into the local file system of the operating system running on the computer. For computers running Windows, the NFS client allows access to the NFS exported folder using a universal naming convention (UNC) path or by mapping the NFS exported folder to a drive letter. The Server for NFS component can use Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) or Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) for identity management. In Windows Storage Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, and later Windows Server operating systems, the Identity Management for UNIX Active Directory schema extension includes the UNIX user identifier (UID) and group identifier (GID) fields. This enables Server for NFS and Client for NFS to look up Windows-to-UNIX user account mappings directly from AD DS or AD LDS. Select this protocol to support heterogeneous environments that contain computers running an NFS client that access file services workloads using the NFS protocol. For more information about: Installing and configuring the Services for Network File System role service, see Services for NFS Step-by-Step Guide for Windows Server Enabling identity mapping with Windows in an environment without an Active Directory domain using AD LDS, see AD LDS Identity Mapping for Services for NFS. Supporting File Services Workloads Using WebDAV The WebDAV protocol is a set of extensions to the HTTP protocol that enables file management over any IP network. Client computers running a WebDAV redirector can access file services workloads using the WebDAV protocol. All current Windows operating systems include a WebDAV redirector. Other operating systems also include a WebDAV redirector, which provides support for homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Windows Storage Server 2008 includes version 7.5 of the WebDAV extension module for Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.0. The WebDAV extension module is available as a separate download for: 32-bit versions of Windows Storage Server 2008 at WebDAV 7.5 for IIS 7.0 (x86). 64-bit versions of Windows Storage Server 2008 at WebDAV 7.5 for IIS 7.0 (x64). WebDAV 7.5 is the latest version of WebDAV for Windows Storage Server 2008, and includes the following improvements: Integration with IIS 7.0. IIS 7.0 has a new administration interface and configuration store. The new WebDAV extension module is tightly integrated with this new design.

18 12 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Also, the new WebDAV extension module integrates with the Internet Information Services Manager console to provide ease of administration. Per-site Configuration. WebDAV 7.5 can be enabled at the site level. Previous versions of WebDAV only allowed you to enable WebDAV at the server level. Per-URL Security Settings. WebDAV 7.5 supports per-url authoring rules, allowing you to specify custom WebDAV security settings on a per-url basis. These authoring rules are separate from the IIS 7.0 per-url authorization rules, thereby allowing one set of security settings for normal HTTP requests, and a separate set of security settings for WebDAV requests. Select this protocol to support heterogeneous environments that contain computers running WebDAV redirectors that need to access the file services workloads using the HTTP or HTTPS protocol. For more information about providing WebDAV support on Windows Storage Server 2008, see WebDAV for IIS 7.0. Supporting File Services Workloads Using Windows SharePoint Services Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 allows users to collaborate with each other using either HTTP or HTTPS. Windows SharePoint Services include a number of collaboration features, but the feature specific to file services is the document library feature. Client computers can access the document libraries using either protocol. Computers running Windows can also access the document libraries through Windows Explorer. Also, Microsoft Office System client applications, such as Microsoft Word 2007 or Excel 2007, support opening and saving files to document libraries directly within the application. Document libraries include the ability to check in and check out files to help maintain version control. In addition, you can configure document libraries to retain a specified number of versions for each file in the document library, which allows you to easily restore a previous version of a file and track version history. For more information about providing Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 support on Windows Storage Server 2008, see Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services 3.0. Providing Access to iscsi Block I/O Workloads iscsi block I/O workloads are another type of workload provided by most network access storage appliances. iscsi block I/O workloads include both a server component (iscsi target) and a client component (iscsi initiator), as illustrated in Figure 2. As an iscsi initiator, Windows Storage Server 2008 is used to connect to external iscsi targets, such as a SAN. As an iscsi target, Windows Storage Server 2008 is used to support iscsi block IO workloads for applications, such as SQL Server 2008 or Exchange Server Note When Windows Storage Server 2008 is deployed in a NAS gateway scenario, Windows Storage Server 2008 can be an iscsi, Serial Attached SCSI (SAS), or FibreChannel initiator based on the type of storage being accessed. For more information, see the section "Using Windows Storage Server 2008 as a NAS Gateway in Solutions," later in this white paper.

19 13 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper Figure 2. iscsi block I/O workloads supported by Windows Storage Server 2008 Windows Storage Server 2008 supports iscsi block I/O workloads using the iscsi standard. Windows Storage Server can function as an iscsi target (the server component) or an iscsi initiator (the client component). This allows a large number of configuration options for iscsi block I/O workload solutions. Supporting iscsi Block I/O Workloads Using Microsoft iscsi Software Target The Microsoft iscsi Software Target version 3.2 in Windows Storage Server 2008 provides iscsi target functionality. The Microsoft iscsi Software Target version 3.2 is the latest version of the iscsi target software and is typically an optional component in Window Storage Server 2008 Workgroup, Standard, and Enterprise editions. Note Some Microsoft partners include the Microsoft iscsi Software Target by default.

20 14 Windows Storage Server 2008 Architecture and Deployment White Paper For more information about the Microsoft iscsi Software Target version 3.2 in Windows Storage Server 2008, see Microsoft iscsi Software Target. Identifying Microsoft iscsi Software Target Specifications Table 4 lists the specifications for the Microsoft iscsi Software Target version 3.2. These specifications are applicable to all Windows Storage Server 2008 editions that include the Microsoft iscsi Software Target version 3.2. Table 4. Microsoft iscsi Software Target Version 3.2 Specifications Specification Value Maximum number of iscsi target instances per appliance. 64 Maximum number of virtual disk per iscsi target instance. 128 Maximum number of snapshots per virtual disk. 128 Maximum number of virtual disks per appliance. 512 Maximum number of virtual disks or snapshots that can be locally mounted by the appliance. 32 (or 4 per cluster node) Maximum number of iscsi initiators per appliance. 64 Maximum number of iscsi initiators that can connect to the same iscsi target instance. Maximum number of iscsi initiator sessions that can connect to the same iscsi target instance. IPv4. IPv6. TCP offload. iscsi offload. Jumbo frames. IPsec Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Note Network adapter teaming, also known as NIC teaming, is not supported for the Microsoft iscsi Software Target or Microsoft iscsi Software Initiator. Windows Storage Server 2008 includes support for single path and multipath I/O connections to nonclustered and clustered configurations. Multipath I/O connections allow for improved fault-tolerance and performance for iscsi block I/O workloads. The Microsoft iscsi Software Initiator includes a multipath I/O Device Specific Module (DSM) for the Microsoft Multipath I/O (MPIO) in Windows Server. Table 5 lists the support for the Microsoft iscsi Software Initiator and the Microsoft iscsi Software Target with single or multipath I/O connections when connecting to nonclustered or clustered configurations. For more information about multipath I/O, see the section "Improving Availability of iscsi Block I/O Workloads," later in this white paper. Table 5. Support for Single or Multipath IO Connections for Non-Clustered or Clustered Configurations Specification Nonclustered Clustered Windows Server 2008 (multipath I/O connection) Supported Supported Windows Server 2008 (single path I/O connection) Supported Limited *