Catalogue of technologies developed by Polish Research NON-CLINICAL RESEARCH UNITS

Transcription

1 Catalogue of technologies developed by Polish Research NON-CLINICAL RESEARCH UNITS 603

2 INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ANTIBIOTICS (Instytut Biotechnologii i Antybiotyków) Organisation Contact Data 5 Starościńska st., Warsaw, Poland phone: fax e mail: info@iba.waw.pl The Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics (IBA) is a leading scientific institution in Poland and recognized in the world which commercializes its own scientific and developmental achievements in the field of pharmaceutical and medical biotechnology, mainly by implementation of biopharmaceutical technologies. IBA is a research institute transformed in 1992 from Research and Development Biotechnology Center that continuous activity of the previous Institute of Antibiotics. The IBA operates in the health service and pharmaceutical sector. It employs over 150 people, including over 30 scientists. The IBA s mission is to: create new and useful knowledge in the field of modern pharmaceutical biotechnology and the development and implementation technologies of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active substances. build up and elevate the image and position of the IBA within the scientific communities and in the pharmaceutical sector disseminate the quality assurance policy for IBA operations. The mission is carried out through: scientific works and research implementation of developed technologies through into production production based on in-house technology services contracted by external institutions. 604

3 The Institute contributes to the achievements of Polish science in the following two fields: pharmaceutical biotechnology: genetic engineering of new gene expression systems, genome diagnostics, monoclonal antibodies and the production of highly purified biologically active compounds and protein structures (e.g. recombined human insulin, growth hormone, interferon) chemistry of therapeutic compounds, including research and production methods for ß-lactam, aminoglycosides, macrolide and anthracycline antibiotics. IBA cooperates with a number of domestic and foreign scientific establishments and other companies in the pharmaceutical and medical industries. Major developments and implementations: IBA is an author of 43 implementations of its own pharmaceuticals and therapeutic substances. Technologies developed in the Institute were implemented in the then major pharmaceutical plants such as Polfa" Pharmaceutical Plant in Tarchomin, Polfa Pharmaceutical Plant in Kraków (Krakowskie Zakłady Farmaceutyczne Polfa) and Polfa Pharmaceutical Plant in Pabianice (Pabianickie Zakłady Farmaceutyczne Polfa), and after 1990 in BIOTON S.A. Key developments: The 60s. Streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and neomycin, semi-synthetic erythromycin derivatives such as erythromycin propionate lauryl sulphate and erythromycin stearate, ampicillin, nafcillin, carbenicillin, vibramycin, rondomycin; semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillins and cephalosporins and tetracycline derivatives were investigated; technology to obtain polyfungin (an original antifungal antibiotic) was developed and implemented through into production based on an inhouse grown and patented strain; a technology for the synthetic antigen (trade name Testarpen) for penicillin allergy identification was developed. The 70s. More innovative antibiotics such as lincomycin, oxytetracycline, polymyxin and its derivative colistin, bacitracine were investigated; technology for obtaining a new erythromycin derivative (cyclic erythromycin carbonate) was developed and introduced in treatment under the trade name of Davercin (an original Polish drug). The 80s. New generation cephalosporins in mass (ceftriaxon, cefamandol, cefuroxime) and aminoglycoside antibiotics such as amikacin for injections and as eye drops implemented under the trade name of Biodacyna; new technology for obtaining L- dopa, Gyno-Trosyd, restrictive enzymes, monoclonal antibodies; semi-synthetic penicillin were introduced through into production in the Polfa Tarchomin Plant under the trade name of Pipril ; antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotics began to be investigated. The 90s. 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins were developed and implemented through into production. These included ceftriaxon (Biotrakson), cefotaxim (Biotaksym), cefuroxime (Biofuroksym), ceftazidime (Biotum) and cefoperazone (Cefobid) and oral forms (tablets and syrup) of cefuroxime axetil (Bioracef); moreover clarithromycin, clindamycin and linkomycin manufacturing technology was developed; anthracycline antibiotic preparations were developed such as doxorubicin (Biorubina) and epirubicin (Bioepicyna) and a technology for obtaining daunomycin; antilaeukemic preparation under the name of Biodribin (cladribine) was implemented through into production. 605

4 A many-year team effort to develop the technology for obtaining recombined human insulin was successfully completed. In December 2000, a biosynthetic human insulin preparation solution, isophane biosynthetic human insulin preparation and their mixtures (a total of 17 pharmaceutical forms) were registered and implemented through into production in BIOTON under the name of Gensulin. The following preparations were developed and implemented through in BIOTON as eye drops: betaxolol (Betabion), diclofenac (Diclobion), potassium and sodium iodides (Vidibion), tropicamide (Tropicabion) and tetryzoline hydrochloride (Zalbion). The Institute currently operates within the following distinct areas of expertise that do however partly overlap: Science and Research. These operations are aimed at identifying application purposes, new methodologies, new applications, new fields of research, development, and implementation as well as selection of new research and development projects. Initially, projects predominantly related to the development of generic drugs (cephalosporins) in respect of their chemical technology, and then to biotechnological generic medicines (human insulin analogues, human growth hormone, interferons). Currently, IBA runs research on innovative biotechnology drugs and biosimilar products. Analytical, chemical and pharmaceutical testing, and testing in the area of biotechnology. As a result of these operations, the laboratory has became a leading establishment operating in line with GLP, GMP and ISO standards. The laboratory holds a number of certificates (Statement of GLP Compliance, GMP Certificate, ISO 9001:2008 Certificate) and provides analytical services in respect of trials and tests of medicinal substances and products, and their bioavailability and bioequivalence. Production of medicinal products. The Institute has created three major antineoplastic drugs: Biorubina (doxorubicin) - An anthracycline antibiotic used in the treatment of solid tumours: breast carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma, urinary bladder carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, sarcomas and haematological and lymphatic malignancies. Bioepicyna (epirubicin) - An anthracycline antibiotic used in the treatment of a number of malignancies (inter alia breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma and soft tissue sarcomas) primarily as a component of multidrug chemotherapy. Biodribin (cladribine) - A deoxyadenosine nucleoside derivative used in hairy cell leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and malignant non-hodgkin s lymphomas. Support Activities (scientific and patent medical information). All operations to assist in the creation of research programs, development of production, organization of nonclinical and clinical trials. 606

5 Competitive Advantage. The Institute holds a competitive advantage that is extra specialist experience in the process of commercialization of research results that leads to implementation of newly developed technologies and the launch of new medicinal products into production. This is mainly practical knowledge of drug registration requirements for the European Union countries and the conditions that affect interest of potential producers. To this end, the Institute: determines the research areas for a future therapy and those with high development potential, determines research areas with high application potential and economic profitability, and those which are not patent protected, acknowledges the rationale of patent-protection with the view of commercialization in the global market, at least in the European and the US markets, carries out research and development based on a recognized and certified quality system (GMP, GLP, GCP, ISO), carries out research, development and implementation projects in the technical conditions compliant with those required from drug candidates and potential drugs, records results for research, development and implementation projects in compliance with requirements that are set by relevant biotechnological drug regulation authorities (biosimilar or innovative drug procedures), manufactures medicinal substances at each stage of their production in compliance with legal regulations and GMP. The following assisting divisions operate within the Institute: Bioengineering Department Chemical Analysis Department Chemical Departments Scientific and Medical Information Department 607

6 Bioengineering Department The major objective of the Bioengineering Department is to produce recombinant proteins for therapeutic and scientific applications. For this purpose bacteria strains where synthesis of third-party protein takes place are constructed, isolated, purified and identified. Most of the statutory works and grants are subordinated to this purpose, and the results of these works are the grounds for cooperation in targeted projects that lead to bioactive compounds being obtained by genetic engineering methods in an industrial scale. Another group of activities is the assessment of the purity of industrially-produced recombinant protein by specific genetic engineering, immunologic and enzymologic techniques. Routine assays of protein and DNA remnants in pharmaceutical preparations are also carried out. As implied by the type of examination and the equipment needed for this, the Bioengineering Department is divided into: immunology, tissue culture, genetic engineering, microbiological, protein purification and analysis, bacterial genetics, mass spectrometry and biochemical laboratories, where the following operations are performed: Preparation of the antibodies for analytical purposes (control of the immunization efficacy in the process of obtaining polyclonal sera, purification of the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies by affinity chromatography method, marking of antibodies). Development of ELISA tests for evaluating the purity of recombinant pharmaceuticals (marking the level of protein contaminants in E. coli host strain (ECP), marking the remnants of enzymatic preparations used in the process) and other proteins. Determination of the level of recombinant protein expression in the transgenic material by immunological techniques. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of recombinant antigens by parenteral immunization. Development of determination methods for biological activity of protein drugs in cultured cells. Production of relevant monoclonal antibodies necessary for analyses. Undertaking attempts to obtain stable expressions of the selected proteins in cultured cells. Isolation of plasmid and chromosomal DNA. Construction of E. coli production strains producing proteins and peptides that are useful in biotechnology, medicine and science. Development of new expression vectors based on plasmids isolated from natural environments (isolation, sequencing, analysis of properties). Evaluation of the replication biology of cryptic plasmids. Searching for the specific proteases that are useful in, for example, production of medication (e.g. obtaining production strains of E. coli synthesizing deubiquitinating protease that is an analogue of the yeast protease UBP1). DNA sequencing. Development of methods for culturing bacteria strains in laboratory scale fermenters. Laboratory scale development, of a method for the isolation and purification of proteins and peptides produced by production strains, and with consideration to the conditions necessary for transfer to industrial scale using various chromatographic techniques: under low, medium and high pressure conditions (FPLC and HPLC) at room temperature or +4 O C. 608

7 Maintenance of the vitality of the IBA microorganism collection (over 800 strains, including 145 under reference IAW in the Catalogue of the Polish Collection of Microorganisms since 1990, membership in ECCO since 1995, membership in WFCC since 1996). Preparation of strains for sale and exchange within ECCO and WFCC, sharing the strains with other scientific and research establishments. Preparation and maintenance of the Master Cell Bank (MCB) and Research Cell Bank (RCB). Genetic modification within the vector leading to optimization of the expression level of produced protein, as well as improvement of the production strain stability. Molecular analysis of antigen suitability for construction of new generation vaccines (subunit vaccines) and the development of new carriers to deliver vaccine antigens through mucous membranes. Quantitative assay of plasmid and bacterial DNA contaminants in biosimilar pharmaceuticals by quantitative PCR method. Evaluation of proteins and peptides in respect of: distribution, identification, quantitative and sequence analysis, modification evaluation. Genetic identification of bacteria by MicroSeq system from Life Technologies, which may be used to evaluate the microbiological purity of pharmaceutics, cosmetics and food, etc. Continued control of the microbiological purity of the work space is possible. Determination of the mass profile of LC/MS/MS +HPLC peptide map. Determination of the mass profile of MALDI TOF/TOF peptide map. Evaluation of average and/or monoisotopic MALDI TOF/TOF molecular weight. Evaluation of average and/or monoisotopic MALDI TOF/TOF molecular mass + ZipTip C4 / ZipTipC18 purification. 2D - PF2D protein mapping, no fractioning 2D - PF2D protein mapping, no fractionation (+ digestion). All the facilities used by the Bioengineering Department are furnished with top quality appliances that are required for molecular biology research and examinations. All devices and equipment comply with GLP requirements and GMO handling standards. Bioengineering Department achievements: Constructed and patented E. coli production strains for therapeutic human proteins human growth hormone, alfa 2a, alfa 2b, gamma, beta 1a and 13 interferon, short and prolonged action insulin analogue. Constructed in-house prokaryotic expression systems, to include a vector, proteolytic enzyme and culturing method in fermenters without an antibiotic. Constructed in-house vaccine antigens of human and animal viruses. Developed in-house analytical methods for marking contaminants in pharmaceutical preparations produced in bacteria or eukaryotic cultures in accordance with the requirements of the European Medicines Agency. Scientific research in the area of basic research concerning replication of new wild plasmids. 609

8 Chemical Analysis Department Research Research and studies are directly related to both, the subject areas and tasks executed by the Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics and by third-party companies, which run scientific and implementation projects within the scope of drug development, namely: develop, implement and validate research methods for chemical and biotechnological substances as well as pharmaceutical formulations and medicinal products; carry out research and studies in respect of the analytical control of technological processes, including the critical points, contamination profiles and process validation; design and carry out analytical studies of proteins at various stages of manufacturing of active substances and medicinal products of protein-origin, namely peptide mapping, proteolysis product analysis, development of new methods and analytical procedures for identification and quantitative assays. Services Services are provided in the field of chemical analyses and analytical research and studies. They include: analysis of medicinal products, active substances and chemical raw materials according to the normative documentation provided by a customer, suitable pharmacopoeias or in-house methods; validation of analytical methods; testing pharmaceutical availability of drugs; testing bioavailability, bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics of drugs and their metabolites; trials in respect of monitoring a therapy with immunosuppressant drugs; testing the stability of active substances and medicinal products; comprehensive analytical services for research projects related to the development of new drugs: development of research and trial methods, validation of analytical methods and manufacturing process, drafting of specifications, etc. To assure a high standard of services the Chemical Analysis Department operates three quality systems: ISO 9001:2008 in respect of Chemical analyses and analytical studies certificate no AQ-POL-RvA issued by Det Norske Veritas; Good Laboratory Practice for bioanalytical and pharmacokinetic studies certificate nr 4/2012/DPL; Good Manufacturing Practice certificate GMP no. GIF-IW-N-4022/8/11. The Department holds a Medicinal Product Manufacturing License no. GIF-IW-N- 4001/245/

9 Chemical Laboratories Processes developed at Modified Antibiotics Department 1 The technology for manufacturing a number of antibiotics and semi-finished products for antibiotics at laboratory and semi-technical scale were developed at Modified Antibiotics Department 1. Specification of devices, process design and drug form were also developed. Most of the processes are patent-protected. Antibiotics 1. α-aminobenzyl penicillin (ampicillin) as a free acid and sodium salt 2. α carboxybenzyl penicillin (carbenicillin) as a free acid and sodium salt 3. Piperacillin as a monohydrate and sodium salt 4. Cephuroxim 2 nd generation cephalosporin, 5. Cephoperazon 3 rd generation cephalosporin Cephuroxitin 2 nd generation cephalosporin 6. Cefetamet and cefetamet pivoxil 3 rd generation cephalosporin 7. Aztreonam as a free acid and sodium salt monobactam 8. Sulbactam β-lactamase inhibitor commingled with ampicillin 9. N,N-(1,6 - hexamethyleneformamidine)-penicillin acid inhydrated and anhydrous form, as 1-acetoxyethyl ester and pivaloyloxymethyl ester chydrochloride amidinopenicillin Semi-finished products for antibiotics 1. D(-) - α-aminophenylacetic acid 2. D(-)-4-phenyloxazolidinedion-2,5 3. α-carboxybenzoic acid 4. 1-chlorocarbonyl-2,3-dioxo-4-ethylopiperazine 5. Pivaloilooxymethyl chloride 6. 1-acetyloxyethyl bromide 7. Z-2-metoxyimino-2-(2-fluoro)-acetic acid chloride 8. N-phenylacetyl-O-mesyl-L-threonine amide Other therapeutic compounds 1. PPL (penicilloyl-poly-l-lysine) antigen for penicillin allergy detection 2. Sildenafil 3. Human growth hormone 4. Cardioxane (dexrazoxane) cardioprotective drug 5. Betabion (eye drops) 6. Zalbion (eye drops) 7. Viscobion (eye drops) 611

10 New anthracycline antibiotic derivatives Anthracycline antibiotics are the most commonly used biosynthetically manufactured cytostatics with high antineoplastic activity. Drug resistance has been a more common and is a very alarming issue recently. It was observed in many patients who undergo long-lasting therapy. A new chemically modified anthracycline antibiotic derivatives have been synthesized and tested at the Institute. These derivatives have demonstrated high cytostatic activity that is higher or similar to that of the parent antibiotics. Moreover, the majority of them are significantly less toxic and less cardiotoxic as compared to their respective equivalents and most importantly they have the unique property of overcoming drug resistance. Based on the outcomes of the research carried out to date, pre-clinical trials are planned to be held at the Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics to enable the selected compound to be recommended for clinical trials in order to register a new drug. In addition to antineoplastic activity, these derivatives are highly active against hepatitis C (HCV), demonstrating higher activity than any drugs used to date. 612

11 Modified Antibiotics Department 2 + Macrocyclic Antibiotics Department Developed and implemented processes 1. Testapren (penicilloyl-poly-l-lysine, a synthetic antigen for penicillin allergy detection) 2. Testapren (penicilloyl-poly-l-lysine, a synthetic antigen for penicillin allergy detection) pharmaceutical preparation 3. Nafcillin (semi-synthetic penicillin) 4. Ryfamycin SV sodium salt (semi-synthetic rifamycin SV) 5. Lincomycin 6. Clindamycin (semi-synthetic lincomycin derivative) 7. 7-aminocephalosporanic acid 8. Cefamandol (semi-synthetic 2 nd generation cephalosporin) 9. Ceftriaxon (semi-synthetic 3 rd generation cephalosporin) 10. Cefotaxim (semi-synthetic 3 rd generation cephalosporin) 11. Erythromycin A cyclic 11,12-carbonate (semi-synthetic erythromycin derivative) 12. Amikacin (semi-synthetic lincomycin kanamycin) 13. Amikacin (semi-synthetic lincomycin kanamycin) three pharmaceutical preparations 14. Sildenafil 15. Insulin 17 pharmaceutical preparations 16. Diclobion pharmaceutical preparation 17. Vidibion pharmaceutical preparation Developed processes 1. Ceftadizime (semi-synthetic 3 rd generation cephalosporin) 2. Cefpodoxime (semi-synthetic 3 rd generation cephalosporin) 3. Rifabutin (semi-synthetic rifamycin S derivative) 4. TAEM (synthetic semi-finished product for ceftadizime) 5. Cyclosporine 8. Interferon alfa-2a pharmaceutical preparation 9. Interferon alfa-2a pharmaceutical preparation 613

12 Scientific and Medical Information Department The Scientific and Medical Information Department operates in the following fields of expertise: Development of scientific and medical information based on professional literature and available databases of current research, development, and prospective plans of the Institute. Evaluation of selected medical preparations from the pharmacological, clinical and safety of use view point and from the view point of their current and future therapeutic significance, in particular evaluation of drugs of various therapeutic application obtained through genetic engineering. Patent research, and assurance of protection of intellectual and industrial property. Designing, organizing and development (in respect of pharmacokinetics, statistics) of the bioequivalence tests for various medicinal substances. Studies of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medicinal substances, including drugs. Regular review of Polish and European pharmaceutical laws in respect of pre-clinical and clinical trials for medicinal products. Designing, arranging for and monitoring of pre-clinical trials at all stages of biotechnological product development. A wide range of pre-clinical trials have been carried out under project no. POIG / The purpose of these trials has been to bring about the first in man trial, and subsequently the commercialization of innovative biosimilar medicinal products containing human insulin analogue. The team plans, arranges for and supervises progress of the following works: Pharmacological studies in vitro Testing binding with insulin and IGF-1 receptors (affinity, dissociation level) on cell lines, assessment of autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of receptor signal elements, confirmation of biological activity and metabolic effects of the tested substance. Testing glucose uptake. Testing stimulation of cellular proliferation in tissue cultures by evaluating mitogenic effect of the tested substance. Pharmacological studies in vivo Testing on healthy animals (rats, dogs, monkeys) with artificially induced diabetes with and without glucose loading. Pharmacologic testing in respect of safety. Pharmacokinetic studies in vivo Testing on rodents with the use of a marker to evaluate distribution of the substance into tissues, organs and metabolism. Pharmacokinetics after single iv and sc dose administered to one specie (rat). 614

13 In-house research to compare pharmacokinetic properties of insulin analogues with a different primary structure. Studies to evaluate pharmacokinetic profile Evaluation of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) process in various mammal species. Toxicity studies Evaluation of adverse effects on various animal species after administration of multiple doses of the tested compounds by various way of administration. Evaluation of toxicity after single administration Extended toxicity testing Chronic toxicity testing with carcinogenicity effect assessment Local tolerance testing During the research and studies we cooperate with top class establishments in Poland and throughout the world who have experience, equipment and relevant quality certificates, including GLP. 615

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