Contents. Bibliografische Informationen digitalisiert durch

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1 Part I Motivation 1 Fundamentals of Agile Distributed Software Development 3 Darja Smite, Nils Brede Moe, and Par J. Âgerfalk 1.1 Introduction Distributed Software Development Agile Software Development Merging Agility with Distribution Potential Issues All or Nothing versus Á la carte Current Practice Conclusions 7 References 7 Part II Transition 2 Implementing Extreme Programming in Distributed Software Project Teams: Strategies and Challenges 11 Likoebe M. Maruping 2.1 Introduction Implementing XP Practices: Where Is an Organization to Start? The Promise of XP Understanding How Your Software Project Team Is Structured and Why It Matters Case Overview XP in Distributed Software Project Teams: Implementation Strategies and Pitfalls to Avoid The Planning Game Collective Ownership Coding Standards Use of a Metaphor 20 XV Bibliografische Informationen digitalisiert durch

2 2.4.5 Simplicity of Design Sustainable Pacing Pair Programming Continuous Integration and Unit Testing Refactoring Customer Involvement Small Functional Releases Conclusions 28 References 29 Further Reading 30 Transitioning from Distributed and Traditional to Distributed and Agile: An Experience Report 31 Daniel Wildt and Rafael Prikladnicki 3.1 Introduction Case Overview Transitioning to Agile in a Distributed Environment Don't Tell What Agile Is and Be Successful A Fully Cultural Transition from Traditional to Agile Development Benefits of Using Agile Methods in Distributed Environment Practical Recommendations Conclusions 45 References 45 Tailoring Agility: Promiscuous Pair Story Authoring and Value Calculation 47 Steve Tendon 4.1 Introduction The Case Background Management Support and Sponsorship The Pilot Project The Journey of Implementing Agility The Final: Project Approval Benefits from Implementing Agility over Traditional Approaches More Commonality Smaller Scope ROI Anticipation Smaller Country-Specific Dependencies Avoiding Waste Upfront Why Agile Succeeded? Induction Co-location and Alternating On- and Off-Site Activities Promiscuous Pair Story Authoring 66

3 4.4.4 Economic Value of Story Points Conclusions 68 References 69 Scrum and Global Delivery: Pitfalls and Lessons Learned 71 Cristiano Sadun 5.1 Introduction Cases Overview Background Project N0R ProjectNOR The Experiences Signing Agreements Establishing Remote Access Overcoming Communication Barriers Actively Managing Distributed Agile Projects Dealing with Idle Time Achieving Motivation and Peer Feeling Adapting Governance and Steering Conclusions 88 References 89 Onshore and Offshore Outsourcing with Agility: Lessons Learned. 91 Clifton Kussmaul 6.1 Introduction Case Overview Background Project Organization Introduction of Agility Overview of Project Activities Cross-border Relationship Dynamics Lessons Learned People Processes Coordination Conclusions 104 References 105 Further Reading 105 Contribution of Agility to Successful Distributed Software Development 107 Saonee Sarker, Charles L. Munson, Suprateek Sarker, and Suranjan Chakraborty 7.1 Introduction Distributed Project Success Types of Agility 109

4 xviii Contents 7.4 Study Background Contribution of Agility to Distributed Project Success Conclusions 114 References Preparing your Offshore Organization for Agility: Experiences in India 117 Jayakanth Srinivasan 8.1 Introduction Distributed Agile Software Development in India Experiences from AgileCo Case Overview Personnel Selection and Training Teaching and Mentoring Managing Customer Expectations Experience from BankCo Case Overview Impact of Senior Leadership Vision Heterogeneous Process Environment Agile Coaching Conclusions 127 References 129 Part III Management 9 Improving Global Development Using Agile 133 Alberto Avritzer, Francois Bronsard, and Gilberto Matos 9.1 Introduction The Projects Deploying Agile Techniques in Global Projects Organizational Issues Communication Issues Process Issues Tools and Technical Issues Improving Global Projects Using Agile Processes Conclusions 147 References Turning Time from Enemy into an Ally Using the Pomodoro Technique 149 Xiaofeng Wang, Federico Gobbo, and Michael Lane 10.1 Introduction Time Is an Enemy? The Pomodoro Technique Pomodoro as Time-box Pomodoro as Unit of Effort

5 xix 10.4 The Application of the Pomodoro Technique in Sourcesense Milan Team Background of Sourcesense Milan Team The Development Process of Sourcesense Milan Team Pomodoro as Time-box Pomodoro as a Unit of Effort Addressing Remote Collaboration with Teams That Do Not Employ the Pomodoro Technique Turning Time into an Ally Shared Pomodoro Collective Breaks Estimation and Tracking One Pomodoro Rules All Sites? Conclusions 164 References MBTA: Management By Timeshifting Around 167 Erran Carmel 11.1 Management by Wandering and Flying Around Enter Timeshifting Conclusions 170 References The Dilemma of High Level Planning in Distributed Agile Software Projects: An Action Research Study in a Danish Bank 171 Per Svejvig and Ann-Dorte Fladkjaer Nielsen 12.1 Introduction Research Methodology Action Research Research Settings The Action Research Cycle Diagnosing the Problem and the Underlying Causes Action Planning Action Taking Evaluating and Learning Conclusions Applying a Holistic Approach to High Level Planning Using Action Research to Software Process Improvement Summary 182 References Tools for Supporting Distributed Agile Project Planning 183 Xin Wang, Frank Maurer, Robert Morgan, and Josyleuda Oliveira 13.1 Introduction Distributed Planning Tool Requirements Agile Planning Requirements 186

6 xx Contents Requirements for Collaborative Interactions Tool Review Wikis Web Form-Based Applications Card-Based Planning Systems Plugin for Integrated Development Environment Synchronous Project Planning Tool Digital Tabletop-Based Agile Planning Tool Tool Evaluation Practical Advice Advice for Agile Planning Tool User Advice for Designers of Distributed Agile Planning Tools Conclusions 198 References Combining Agile and Traditional: Customer Communication in Distributed Environment 201 Mikko Korkala, Minna Pikkarainen, and Kieran Conboy 14.1 Introduction Customer Communication in Distributed Agile Development Issues Hindering the Customer Communication in Distributed Agile Development Findings Case Context The Use of Agile Methodologies in the Case Project The Use of Customer Communication Media Identified Customer Communication Challenges Discussion and Lessons Learned 214 References Coordination Between Global Agile Teams: From Process to Architecture 217 Jan Bosch and Petra Bosch-Sijtsema 15.1 Introduction Large-Scale Software Development Case Study Companies Case Company GLOembed Case Company GLOtelcom Case Company GLOsoftware Coordination and Integration Inter-team Challenges Top-Down Approach Challenges Interaction Problems Coordination Through Architecture Road Mapping Requirements Architecture 229

7 xxi Development Integration or Composition Architecture-Centric Software Engineering Conclusions 232 References Considering Subcontractors in Distributed Scrum Teams 235 Jakub Rudzki, Imed Hammouda, Tuomas Mikkola, Karri Mustonen, and Tarja Systä 16.1 Introduction Company Context Methodology Main Results Subcontractors in an SSP Company Why Subcontractors? Distributed Development Stakeholders Subcontractor Selection Process Subcontractors in Scrum Teams Scrum Communication Planning and Progress Tracking Code Sharing and Development Feedback Knowledge Sharing Team Spirit Subcontractors and Project Phases Preparation Development Release Conclusions Practical Implications Research Implications Summary 253 Appendix 253 References 255 Further Reading 255 Part IV Teams 17 Using Scrum Practices in GSD Projects 259 Maria Paasivaara and Casper Lassenius 17.1 Introduction Research Methodology Distributed Daily Scrums Application of Daily Scrums to Distributed Projects Benefits of Daily Scrums 263

8 xxii Contents Challenges of Daily Scrums Scrum-of-Scrums Meetings Application of Scrum-of-Scrums to Distributed Projects Benefits of Scrums-of-Scrums Challenges of Scrums-of-Scrums Sprints Application of Sprints to Distributed Projects Benefits of Sprints Challenges of Sprints Sprint Planning Meetings Application of Sprint Planning Meetings to Distributed Projects Benefits of Sprint Planning Meetings Challenges of Sprint Planning Meetings Sprint Demos Application of Sprint Demos to Distributed Projects Benefits of Sprint Demos Challenges of Sprint Demos Retrospective Meetings Application of Retrospective Meetings to Distributed Projects Benefits of Retrospective Meetings Challenges of Retrospective Meetings Backlogs Application of Backlogs to Distributed Projects Benefits of Backlogs Challenges of Backlogs Frequent Visits First Visit Further Visits Benefits of Frequent Visits Challenges of Frequent Visits Multiple Communication Modes Benefits of Multiple Communication Modes Challenges of Multiple Communication Modes Conclusions 277 References Feature Teams Distributed and Dispersed 279 Jutta Eckstein 18.1 Introduction Context Historical Structures of Distributed Teams Consequences Building Agile Teams 281

9 xxiii Feature Teams Co-located or Dispersed Creating Proximity for Dispersed Feature Teams Technical Service Team Ensures Conceptual Integrity Starting Team as Role Model Conclusions 286 References 287 Further Reading Roles and Responsibilities in Feature Teams 289 Jutta Eckstein 19.1 Introduction Context Configuration of a Feature Team Product Owner Team of Product Owners Lead Product Owner Collaborating with Both: Customers and Feature Team Coach Also Known as Scrum-Master Architect and Architecture Chief Architect Project Manager Key Roles Support Their Teams Directly Conclusions 298 References 299 Further Reading Getting Communication Right: The Difference Between Distributed Bliss or Miss 301 Jan-Erik Sandberg and Lars Arne Skaar 20.1 Introduction Background Overview Background Starting a Distributed Agile Project Low-cost and Effective Communication Empower the Team Common Architecture Across Locations On "Proxies" Conclusions 309 References A Task-Driven Approach on Agile Knowledge Transfer 311 Jörn Koch and Joachim Sauer 21.1 Introduction Case Overview Hands-On Approach (Task-Driven Approach) 315

10 xxiv Contents Joint Task Planning Question-Driven Task Scheduling Adequate Task Design Scrupulous Task Sign-Off Conclusion 318 References Architecture-Centric Development in Globally Distributed Projects. 321 Joachim Sauer 22.1 Introduction Case Overview Software Architecture and Architecture-Centric Development Software Architecture Architecture-Centric Development in General Architecture-Centric Development in Agile Distributed Settings Distributed Continuous Integration and Collective Ownership Practical Advice for Software Architects Conclusions 328 References 328 Part V Epilogue 23 Agility Across Time and Space: Summing up and Planning for the Future 333 Darja Smite, Nils Brede Moe, and Par J. Âgerfalk 23.1 The Beginning of the End Current Themes Practical Advice Areas for Improvement and Future Research The End of The End 337 Index 339